scholarly journals The Utilization of Quality Control Chart to Examine the Chemical Properties and Bacterial Water in Al-Dlail Area in the Zarqa Governorate

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Adeeb Ahmed Ali AL Rahamneh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Private Wells ◽  
Control Limits

This study focuses on the amount of chemical properties and microbiology (T.D.S ,T.H,MPN) into the water provided by the environmental health from the private wells Al-Dlail laboratories in a Zarqa Governorate. The research problem focuses on the chemical properties and microbiology (T.D.S, T.H, MPN) of the amount of the water provided by the environmental health of the private wells of Al-Dlail laboratories in a Zarqa Governorate. The research object was to develop the necessary treatments for reducing the presence of unauthorized descent from T.D.S, T.H and MPN.The analytical research methodology was adopted for the case study analysis to achieve the purpose of this research which was to develop necessary treatments to reduce the presence of unauthorized descent from T.D.S, T.H and MPN. To achieve the study objectives, the study uses (Minitab). Based on the statistical analysis, the main results are:The Control Limits for the Total Dissolved Solid (T.D.S) and the Total Hardness (T.H) are within acceptable limits In the Control Limits for the Most Probable Number (MPN), some readings are beyond the extent of control. Also, there are two samples (15,16) that breach the specification and the bacterium Bacillus colon(MPN) limits, which means exceeding the allowed percentage of the limit.The researcher concluded that the Control Limits for the Total Dissolved Solid (T.D.S) are within acceptable limits and the Control Limits for the Total Hardness (T.H) are within acceptable limits. The researcher recommends that the international standard must be adopted in water treatment. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Ilorin Metropolis using Water Quality Index Approach

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
JA Olatunji ◽  
OA Odediran ◽  
RI Obaro ◽  
PI Olasehinde
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater as a source of potable water is becoming more important in Nigeria. Therefore, the need to ascertain the continuing potability of the sources cannot be over emphasised. This study is aimed at assessing the quality of selected groundwater samples from Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria, using the water quality index (WQI) method. Twenty two water samples were collected, 10 samples from boreholes and 12 samples from hand dug wells. All these were analysed for their physico – chemical properties. The parameters used for calculating the water quality index include the following: pH, total hardness, total dissolved solid, calcium, fluoride, iron, potassium, sulphate, nitrate and carbonate. The water quality index for the twenty two samples ranged from 0.66 to 756.02 with an average of 80.77. Two of the samples exceeded 100, which is the upper limit for safe drinking water. The high values of WQI from the sampling locations are observed to be due to higher values of iron and fluoride. This study reveals that the investigated groundwaters are mostly potable and can be consumed without treatment. Nonetheless, the sources identified to be unsafe should be treated before consumption.KEYWORDS: groundwater, water quality index, potability, physico - chemical, parameter

scholarly journals Assessment of the Deterioration in Physiochemical and Microbiological Quality of Shivnath River Water in Durg District, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-738
Author(s):  
Seema A. Belorkar
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Tolerant Strain

The water samples collected from Shivnath river in Durg Dist., India, were analyzed for physical properties like color, temperature, turbidity and odor, chemical properties like pH, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total solids {Total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS)}, sulphates, nitrates were analyzed. Microbiological characteristics like detection of coliforms, quantitative analysis and most probable number (MPN) of coliforms was also performed. Incidences ofEscherichia coli0157 (Thermo tolerant strain) andSalmonellaspecies were analyzed. All stated properties were analyzed for both upstream and downstream sampling points to determine the effect of residential and industrial discharges on the quality of river water. The addition of discharges has shown many fold increase in all the analyzed physiochemical parameters. The MPN/100 mL for upstream sample was 900 and down stream sample showed rises up to 1600. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) also increased from 1.30×104/100 mL to 1.53×104/100 mL. Incidences ofE.coli0157 (Thermo tolerant strain) andSalmonellaspecies were both found even before the addition of discharges.

scholarly journals Bacterial and Viral Pathogens in Live Oysters: 2007 United States Market Survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2754-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo DePaola ◽  
Jessica L. Jones ◽  
Jacquelina Woods ◽  
William Burkhardt ◽  
Kevin R. Calci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two Samples

ABSTRACT Two samples of market oysters, primarily from retail establishments, were collected twice each month in each of nine states during 2007. Samples were shipped refrigerated overnight to five U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratories on a rotating basis and analyzed by most probable number (MPN) for total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus numbers and for the presence of toxigenic V. cholerae, Salmonella spp., norovirus (NoV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Levels of indicator organisms, including fecal coliforms (MPN), Escherichia coli (MPN), male-specific bacteriophage, and aerobic plate counts, were also determined. V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus levels were distributed seasonally and geographically by harvest region and were similar to levels observed in a previous study conducted in 1998-1999. Levels of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were typically several logs lower than total V. parahaemolyticus levels regardless of season or region. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus levels in the Gulf and Mid-Atlantic regions were about two logs greater than the levels observed in the Pacific and North Atlantic regions. Pathogens generally associated with fecal pollution were detected sporadically or not at all (toxigenic V. cholerae, 0%; Salmonella, 1.5%; NoV, 3.9%; HAV, 4.4%). While seasonal prevalences of NoV and HAV were generally greater in oysters harvested from December to March, the low detection frequency obscured any apparent seasonal effects. Overall, there was no relationship between the levels of indicator microorganisms and the presence of enteric viruses. These data provide a baseline that can be used to further validate risk assessment predictions, determine the effectiveness of new control measures, and compare the level of protection provided by the U.S. shellfish sanitation system to those in other countries.

scholarly journals Water’s quality and environmental conditions of the hydric resources in Grajaú-MA

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Fernando Machado Ferreira ◽  
Gleidiany Da Costa Moreira ◽  
Maria Elizabete Gomes de Sousa Silva ◽  
Ana Maria Kellen Santos Silva ◽  
Gardjany Da Costa Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Chemical Conditions

Water is the essential element to develop and maintaining life, that is why the adoption of means of conservation of this essential resource is necessary. In Brazil, the ordinance No. 2914, from December 12th, 2011, of the Ministry Of Health establishes microbiological parameters, which determinate its quality, verifying its potability in order not to offer health risks. The research analyzed five samples from two different wells, placed in the same district of Grajaú-MA. The physical-chemical conditions were analyzed by the following parameters: total alkalinity, chlorides, total hardness, pH, iron, ammonia, chlorine, oxygen consumed, water turbidity by quick tests with the potability kit ALFAKIT and the microbiological conditions by the methodology of the multiple tubes based on the most probable number (MPN), besides seedlings on selective culture means. The results obtained in this research show that the samples of groundwater from five analyzed spots do not match the legislation, because they do not fit to the potability standards. This way, new analysis must be made, mainly microbiological and biochemical tests, to, this time on, adopt means that allow a proper treatment to this water that is used by the local communities. 

scholarly journals Bacteriological quality of water in private wells and boreholes in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Adi Agyo ◽  
Raph Agbo Ofukwu ◽  
Anthony Ekle J. Okoh ◽  
Charity A. Agada
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Private Wells

Aim: This study aimed at examined the presence of coliform bacteria in private wells and boreholes (BH) in peri-urban areas of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using the approaches of most probable number (MPN) index and coliform count. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and sixty-eight water samples were randomly collected during a 1-year period from non-cased wells, burn brick cased wells (BBW), concrete cased wells, and BH in four locations; A, B, C, and D during the wet and dry seasons. One liter of water was obtained from each well at every visit to the four sites, and eight water samples were collected from each visit. The samples were analyzed using multiple tube fermentation methods and pour plate techniques to determine the MPN of coliform/100 ml of water, reading from the MPN statistics table. Results: One-way analysis of variance statistics was applied using Duncan's new multiple range test to separate the means where there was a significant difference. The result revealed that the MPN index and total coliform counts in all the wells in the locations were above the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit for potable water. The highest MPN index of 54.807 was recorded in Location A and followed by 42.679 in Location B. The MPN index in Locations C and D was 36.740 and 30.943, respectively. There was significantly (p=0.000) higher total coliform count in the wet season (41.48±7.09) than in the dry season (38.33±2.83). Conclusion: This study shows the presence of coliform bacteria isolates in all the wells and BH that exceeded the WHO permissible limits for drinking water. The water from these sources is unsafe for drinking except after dosing with appropriate germicides. Sensitization of the population on the actions they can take to make the water safe for domestic use is suggested.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Examination of Water supply and Drinking Water at Household level in Makalbari Area by the Most Probable Number Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Bharati Shakya ◽  
Supri Raj Shrestha ◽  
Vinutha Silvanus
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Water safety and quality are fundamental to human development and well-being. Yet, at least 2 billion people are using a drinking water source contaminated with feces worldwide. This study was conducted to assess the types of water supply, storage and methods of purification of drinking water and to examine the bacteriological quality of supplied and drinking water at household level by most probable number (MPN) test in Makalbari area in Gokarneshwor Municipality, Kathmandu. A total of 80 households were selected using simple random sampling technique and two samples (one from main water supply and another from drinking water, n=160 water samples) were collected from each household. Ethical clearance was taken from the Nepal Medical College Institutional Review Committee. SPSS version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Majority of water supply samples 65 (81.2%) were from tap, 11 (13.8%) were from well and 4 (5.0%) samples were from bore well. Bacteriologically, of the total water supply samples, 34 (42.5%) samples were excellent, 16 (20.0%) samples were suspicious and 30 (37.5%) samples were unsatisfactory by MPN index quality. Most of the households stored drinking water in the tanks 34 (42.5%). Most of the water samples 29 (36.3%) were directly consumed from the water supply without purification. Among the directly consumed drinking water samples, 13 (44.8%) samples showed unsatisfactory MPN index. Most commonly used methods of water purification was filtration 21 (26.2%). Of the total drinking water samples, 33 (41.25%) samples were positive for total coliform. Thirty-two (40.0%) of the households reported diarrhea in past one year. A highly significant association was found between MPN index of drinking water and occurrence of diarrhea in the households. The quality of the most of the water samples from water supply and drinking water were unsatisfactory. Inspite of this, drinking water was not purified in some of the households. Moreover, few of the drinking water samples were not potable even after purification. Therefore, community should be made aware to improve quality of drinking water in households.

scholarly journals GeneQuence Salmonella Assay

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1840-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Alles ◽  
Mark Mozola ◽  
Thomas Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract A study was conducted to validate the GeneQuence Salmonella DNA hybridization assay, Performance Tested Method 030201, for detection of Salmonella spp. in peanut butter. The study was organized by the AOAC Research Institute under its Emergency Response Validation program. Peanut butter samples inoculated with S. Typhimurium were prepared by an independent laboratory and shipped to study participants for testing. The set of blind-coded test samples consisted of five uninoculated controls, 20 portions inoculated with S. Typhimurium at a low level [determined by most probable number (MPN) analysis to contain 1.1 CFU/25 g portion], and 20 portions inoculated with S. Typhimurium at a higher level (11 CFU/25 g portion by MPN analysis). Samples were tested in parallel by the GeneQuence method and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference culture procedure. All five control samples were negative by both methods. For the low-level samples, the same two samples were positive by both the GeneQuence and reference methods. For the high-level samples, the same 19 samples were positive by both methods. All positive GeneQuence assays were confirmed by plating from associated broth cultures. Agreement between the GeneQuence and reference methods was 100. Sensitivity and specificity of the GeneQuence method were both 100. Because neither the low- nor the high-level samples yielded the desired fractional positive results (515 positives out of 20 samples), a second trial was conducted. Samples in the second trial contained 0.1 and 0.5 CFU/25 g portion for the low and high levels, respectively. All five control samples were negative by both methods. For the low-level samples, the same two samples were positive by both the GeneQuence and reference methods. For the high-level samples, the same three samples were positive by both methods. All positive GeneQuence assays were confirmed by plating from associated broth cultures. Sensitivity and specificity of the GeneQuence method were both 100. Although once again the desired level of fractional positive results was not obtained, there was 100 agreement between the GeneQuence and reference methods. Based on the results of both trials, it is recommended that the validated claims for Performance Tested Method 030201 be expanded to include peanut butter.

Enumeration of Total Aerobic Bacteria and Escherichia coli in Minced Meat and on Carcass Surface Samples with an Automated Most-Probable-Number Method Compared with Colony Count Protocols

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2500-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PAULSEN ◽  
E. SCHOPF ◽  
F. J. M. SMULDERS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

An automated most-probable-number (MPN) system for the enumeration of total bacterial flora and Escherichia coli was compared with plate count agar and tryptone-bile-glucuronide (TBX) and ColiID (in-house method) agar methodology. The MPN partitioning of sample aliquots was done automatically on a disposable card containing 48 wells of 3 different volumes, i.e., 16 replicates per volume. Bacterial growth was detected by the formation of fluorescent 4-methylumbilliferone. After incubation, the number of fluorescent wells was read with a separate device, and the MPN was calculated automatically. A total of 180 naturally contaminated samples were tested (pig and cattle carcass surfaces, n = 63; frozen minced meat, n = 62; and refrigerated minced meat, n = 55). Plate count agar results and MPN were highly correlated (r = 0.99), with log MPN =−0.25 + 1.05·log CFU (plate count agar) (n = 163; range, 2.2 to 7.5 log CFU/g or cm2). Only a few discrepancies were recorded. In two samples (1.1%), the differences were ≥1.0 log; in three samples (1.7%), the differences were ≥0.5 log. For E. coli, regression analysis was done for all three methods for 80 minced meat samples, which were above the limit of detection (1.0 log CFU/g): log MPN = 0.18 + 0.98·log CFU (TBX), r = 0.96, and log MPN =−0.02 + 0.99·log CFU (ColiID), r = 0.99 (range, 1.0 to 4.2 log CFU/g). Four discrepant results were recorded, with differences of >0.5 but <1.0 log unit. These results suggest that the automated MPN method described is a suitable and labor-saving alternative to colony count techniques for total bacterial flora and E. coli determination in minced meat or on carcass surfaces.

scholarly journals Coliform and Vibrio cholerae Analysis of Drinking Water Collected from Cholera Outbreak Region of Bhaktapur Municipality

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
Hishila Sujakhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Water Borne

Water borne infections in Nepal, especially in Kathmandu valley is one the major public health problems, causing thousands of deaths every year. Among three cities in the valley, the water borne infection including cholera is most predominant in Bhaktapur district. So the study was carried out to know the microbial drinking water quality in the city and to determine the prevalence of water borne infections in the specified region of the district in 2012. Altogether eighty (two samples from a single site at different interval-2/3 days) water samples were collected from Bhaktapur Municipality, one of the most vulnerable regions for water borne diseases, following standard methods as described by APHA, 2010. All samples were transferred to Microbiology laboratory of Khwopa College, Dekocha, Bhaktapur and preceded immediately for Microbial analysis. The coliform density in the water samples were determined by Most Probable Number (MPN) method followed by microscopy, colonial morphology and biochemical characterization. Subsequently, the presence of Vibrio cholerae, a causative agent of Cholera was analyzed in the same samples by enrichment in alkaline peptone water followed by culture on Thiosulphate citrate bile-salt sucrose (TCBS) agar, a selective media for Vibrio spp. The biochemical tests were then performed to identify V. cholerae. Among eighty water samples, 87.5 percent water samples contained coliforms and half of which (45%) contained feacal coliforms, Escherichia coli and remaining 12.5 percent water samples contained no coliforms. Vibrio cholerae were isolated from four water samples (5%). The drinking water quality in the region was found to be very poor. Therefore, the people in the region were suggested to treat the drinking water by using any of physical or chemical disinfection methods prior to drinking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11073 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 139-145

A microbiological and physical-chemical based evaluation of artisanal Minas cheese production in Rio Paranaíba city, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Vinícius Guimarães Nasser ◽  
Liliane Evangelista Visôtto ◽  
Fábio Martins Campos ◽  
Regiane Victória De Barros Fernandes ◽  
Diego Alvarenga Botrel
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Two Samples

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physical-chemical features of the water and milk used in the preparation of artisanal cheese produced in seven dairies, located in Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to ascertain the conformity of these parameters with the current legislation. Physical-chemical analyzes of water (alkalinity, acidity, residual chlorine, chlorine and pH), milk (fat, protein, total solids, nonfat dry extract, acidity, cryoscopy and density) and cheese (moisture content, presence of starch and alkaline phosphatase) were performed. Also, it was determined the most probable number of coliform at 30 °C, at 45 °C and mesophilic count in the samples of water, milk and cheese. Cheese weight, diameter and height were also determined to verify the patterning of the physical format of cheeses. The water used by dairies showed satisfactory microbiological characteristics. However, the water in properties 2 and 7 showed mean values of alkalinity approximately 2 times higher and lower than the recommended range (10 to 50 mg CaCO3.L-1), respectively. Considering the confidence intervals, no water sample showed satisfactory results for alkalinity and residual chlorine determinations. With regards to raw milk samples, three samples showed mesophilic bacteria count greater than 1 x 105 CFU/mL (property 1, 5 and 7), whereas four and two samples showed number of coliforms at 30 °C and at 45 °C higher than 1100 NMP/mL, respectively. The milk produced in the property 2 showed confidence interval values for density (1.033 to 1.035), above the recommended limit. In addition, the confidence interval for the freezing point of milk in all properties were out of recommended values (-0.550 to -0.530 °H). Seventy-five percent of the cheeses had coliform counts at 30 °C greater than 1 x 103 MPN/g and 100% of the samples had humidity valueabove 45.9% (maximum allowed after maturation). The weight of cheeses from the properties 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 also exceeded the recommended limit (1-1.2 kg). The artisanal cheese-making process requires some adjustments to meet the standards of current legislation, aiming to bring added value and greater product safety.

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