scholarly journals Implementation, Stakeholders` Participation and Sustainability of Public Projects in Kenya: A Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
N. Gicovi Njue ◽  
A. Sabina Mulwa ◽  
D. Ndunge Kyalo ◽  
J. Mwaura Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Project Sustainability ◽  
The Relationship

Many public organizations are faced with numerous constraints that limit optimum and sustainable realization of their long-term aspirations. Similarly, implementation of public projects is often hampered by rigid bureaucracies that often edge out good opportunities for public and stakeholders to contribute to sustainable decisions. In response, most of innovative public organizations are quickly formulating guidelines and procedures for integrating stakeholders in project decisions making for greater responsiveness and sustainability. However, many public projects never live to full realization of sustainable changes. Questions arise on the strategies employed to ensure inclusive stakeholder participation in sustainable project implementation. Whereas the conceptualization of project sustainability is abstractly defined in literature, studies have linked implementation strategies to sustainability outcomes. But projects are implemented in very dynamic contexts. Hence the need for case-based evaluation of how project implementation connects to sustainability. Despite the indications that stakeholder participation can play a dualistic role in project sustainability, past empirical studies have assessed stakeholders` participation from linear perspective. This study seeks to fill the knowledge gaps by investigating the interaction between stakeholders` participation and the relationship between implementation and sustainability of public projects in Kenya.

scholarly journals The Role of Human Capital in the Economic Development and Social Welfare In Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjola Mitaj ◽  
Klodian Muco ◽  
Jonida Avdulaj
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
University Education ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Relationship

Continuously, the relation between education and economic development has been the focus of development researchers’ studies that study long-term growth. While theoretical models recognize education as the key to a country's economic growth (Bassanini and Scarpetta, 2001; Fuente and Ciccone, 2003; Jones, 2005 Bassanini, 2007), the importance of education is very low in empirical models.The reason for this discrepancy is that for a long time education is measured by the years attended in school and not by the knowledge and skills gained, which according to an OSCE study, a student competences growth of 100 points (measuring unit) produces an increase of 2% of GDP per capita. Thanks to this identification, education is recognized as one of the main keys to development.Various empirical studies show that productivity can be increased through training (Barrett and O'Connell, 2001; Scrutinio et al., 2006). In sum, these studies show that pre university, university education and training courses positively affect the increase of production, which in turn can positively affect the economic development of a country.Thus, this article tends to evaluate the role of Albanian human capital in economic development of the country considering the relationship between education and productivity.

scholarly journals Examining the trade-offs between human fertility and longevity over three centuries using crowdsourced genealogy data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255528
Author(s):  
Chen-Hao Hsu ◽  
Oliver Posegga ◽  
Kai Fischbach ◽  
Henriette Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Periods

The evolution theory of ageing predicts that reproduction comes with long-term costs of survival. However, empirical studies in human species report mixed findings of the relationship between fertility and longevity, which varies by populations, time periods, and individual characteristics. One explanation underscores that changes in survival conditions over historical periods can moderate the negative effect of human fertility on longevity. This study investigates the fertility-longevity relationship in Europe during a period of rapid modernisation (seventeenth to twentieth centuries) and emphasises the dynamics across generations. Using a crowdsourced genealogy dataset from the FamiLinx project, our sample consists of 81,924 women and 103,642 men born between 1601 and 1910 across 16 European countries. Results from multilevel analyses show that higher fertility has a significantly negative effect on longevity. For both women and men, the negative effects are stronger among the older cohorts and have reduced over time. Moreover, we find similar trends in the dynamic associations between fertility and longevity across four geographical regions in Europe. Findings and limitations of this study call for further investigations into the historical dynamics of multiple mechanisms behind the human evolution of ageing.

scholarly journals The impact of public debt on the long-term interest rates in the euro area member countries during 2003-2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Piotr Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The main aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between public debt and the real, long-term interest rates in the euro area member countries during 2003-2010. The first part dealt with theoretical analysis and the most important results of empirical studies concerning the relationship between public debt and the real, long-term interest rates. In the next part of article, there were examined the relationships between public debt and the real, long-term interest rates in the euro area countries by using the Vector Autoregression Model (VAR). There were estimated elasticity coefficients of the real, long-term interest rates to public debt and measured the impact strength of public debt to changes in the real, long-term interest rate in the euro area member countries using the impulse response function. This was followed by decomposition of the real, long-term interest rate to estimate the impact of public debt and the real, long-term interest rate changes on the volatility of the real, long-term interest rate in the euro area member countries.

The Effect of Prisons on Crime

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tahamont ◽  
Aaron Chalfin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter presents empirical evidence regarding the (in)effectiveness of prisons for reducing crime. The authors begin with a brief discussion of the mechanisms through which incarceration affects crime, followed by a review of research that presents empirical evidence on the relationship between prisons and crime. This section separates empirical research on the total effect of prison on crime from empirical studies intended to isolate the deterrent or incapacitation effects of prison. Death penalty studies are also reviewed for insight into whether capital punishment has any short- or long-term effects on homicide rates. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the policy implications that follow from the empirical research on prison effects on crime.

Investment Analysis of Electricity Industry Based on Cointegration Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2400-2405
Author(s):  
Xiao Ying He ◽  
Hui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
The Relationship

By undertaking the cointegration theory with annual data over the period 1978-2008 in China, empirical studies on the relationship among power investment, electricity consumption and economic growth is carried out, and long-term equilibrium model and short-term vector error correction model are established; Granger causality test indicates that power investment is not the Granger causality of electricity consumption, while there exists bidirectional Granger causalities between electricity consumption and economic growth.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Is inflation targeting useful for economic growth?

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kartaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Potential Channels

The paper presents an overview of studies of the effects of inflation targeting on long-term economic growth. We analyze the potential channels of influence, as well as modern empirical studies that test performance of these channels. We compare the effects of different variants of inflation targeting (strict and mixed). Based on the analysis recommendations on the choice of optimal (in terms of stimulating long-term growth) regime of monetary policy in developed and developing economies are formulated.

Paradoxes of reservation wage setting in the Russian labor market. Part I

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov ◽  
A. Lukyanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reservation Wage ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Reservation Wages ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Objective Indicators

Using panel data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for 2006-2014, the paper investigates reservation wages setting in the Russian labor market. The sample includes non-employed individuals wishing to get a job (both searchers and non-searchers). The first part of the paper provides a survey of previous empirical studies, describes data and analyzes subjective estimates of reservation wages in comparison with various objective indicators of actual wages. The analysis shows that wage aspirations of the majority of Russian non-employed individuals are overstated. However their wage expectations are rather flexible and decrease rapidly as the search continues that prevents high long-term unemployment. The second part of the paper provides an econometric analysis of main determinants of reservation wage and its impact on probability of re-employment and wages on searchers’ new jobs.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Relationship

This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.

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