scholarly journals Assessment of Commercial Active Ceramic Tiles on Benzene Degradation for the Pollution Control of Indoor Atmospheric Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
R. Crepaldi ◽  
G. M. Titato ◽  
F. M. Lanças ◽  
E. P. Sichieri ◽  
M. Telascrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Benzene Degradation ◽  
Ceramic Samples

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) constitutes an important class of air pollutants, and benzene is one of the main contaminants of indoor air pollution. Among the methods for the treatment of environments with a high VOCs concentration is the photocatalytic oxidation by TiO2 (anatase) ceramic coated surfaces. The effectiveness of VOCs photodegradation studies using active ceramic tiles made in laboratory is well reported in the literature. However, this has not been reported using commercial tiles, although active ceramics are sold for such a function. In this context, this study proposed the assessment of commercial active ceramic tiles capacity in the photocatalytic degradation of benzene in indoor air. The development of this work arose from two questions: a) if the commercial active ceramic tiles are efficient in the VOCs degradation as the manufacturers claim; b) if they are able to degrade VOCs in indoor building environments. Experiments were conducted in laboratory’s scale, using an adapted simulation chamber. The volatilized benzene entered in contact with the commercial ceramic tile under fluorescent light and ultraviolet (UV) light of 365 nm. Samples of the chamber internal air were collected by adsorption on polydimethylsiloxane fibres in headspace technique (SPME-HS). The evaluation of the benzene degradation occurred by gas chromatography analysis with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The characterization of commercial active ceramic samples occurred by techniques of X-Ray Diffraction Powder (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). Results showed that, under the experimental conditions, the commercial active ceramic tile was not capable of the benzene photocatalytic oxidation. The ceramic characterization detected very low quantity of TiO2 on ceramic samples, being this fact attributed as the main responsible for the ceramic photocatalytic inactiveness.

Improvement of TiO2/LDPE Composite Films for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Acetone

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kowit Suwannahong ◽  
Sanya Sirivithayapakorn ◽  
Pongsak Noophan ◽  
Wipada Sanongraj
Keyword(s):  
Composite Film ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Ftir Spectrometer

Titanium dioxide with coupling agent (ETES) was applied as a photocatalyst for a synthesis of the TiO2/LDPE composite film. The physical properties of TiO2/LDPE composite film were analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). TiO2 particles were impregnated into the polymer matrix film as a LDPE composite film. The results from the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique revealed that the structure of TiO2/LDPE composite film were anatase crystalline. The chemical structure of the TiO2/ LDPE composite films were analyzed by an ATR-Fourier transforms infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer. Wavenumber of FTIR spectra at 719 cm1 indicated the Ti-O-Ti bond. Band gap energies of the films ranged from 3.19-3.29 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the film was tested for removal of gaseous acetone in a closed chamber. Experimental conditions were set as follows: a UV light intensity of approximately 2.7 mW.cm-2, flow rate of 2 L.min-1, and an initial acetone concentration of about 435±20 ppm. While the catalyst dosage was varied from 3% to 15% (wt. cat/wt. film).The degradation rate of acetone increased when increasing dosage of TiO2 from 3% to 10%, then decreased a little bit when increasing the dosage to 15%. The TiO2/LDPE composite film at the dosage of 10% yielded the highest removal efficiency of 75%, followed by the film at the dosage of 15%, 5%, and 3%, respectively.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Removal via Photocatalytic Oxidation Using TiO2 Coated Nanofilms

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 491-501
Author(s):  
Sunun KHAMI ◽  
Wipawee KHAMWICHIT ◽  
Ratthapol RANGKUPAN ◽  
Kowit SUWANNAHONG
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactor ◽  
Toluene Concentration ◽  
Spinning Process

In this paper, toluene removal via photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2 dip coated nanofilms is presented. Nanofilms were synthesized from bacterial cellulose using the electrospinning technique. The physical properties of the nanofilms were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ratio of bacterial cellulose/nylon used in the spinning process was 0.165:1. The results from SEM showed that the structure of the TiO2 composite nanofilms was rutile crystalline with an average particle size of 20 nm, and synthesized nanofilms had an average size of 20 - 30 nm. The band gap energies of TiO2-dip coated nanofilms ranged from 3.18 - 3.21 eV. SEM results of TiO2 coated nanofilms suggested that the TiO2 was rather uniformly distributed onto the surface of the nanofilms. The actual amount of TiO2 coated on the nanofilms was estimated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for 1x1 cm2 surface area. It was found that 0.1852, 0.2897 and 0.7275 mg of TiO2 were coated on the surface of the nanofilms for 1, 2.5 and 5 % (weight) TiO2 dosage, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the nanofilms was tested for the removal of gaseous toluene in a photocatalytic reactor. Experimental conditions were set as follows: UV light intensity of approximately 2.7 mW.cm-2, flow rate of 0.2 L.min-1, and an initial toluene concentration of about 200±20 ppm, and a retention time at 200 min. The degradation rate of toluene increased with increasing dosage of TiO2 from 1, 2.5 and 5 %. The nanofilms at a 5 % dosage yielded the highest removal efficiency of 92.71 %, followed by the 2.5 and 1 % dosage, respectively.

Decontamination of Ventilation Systems Using Photocatalytic Air Cleaning Technology

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yogi Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Volatile Organic Chemicals ◽  
Uv Photons ◽  
Cleaning Technology

Indoor air pollution is caused by particulate matter and chemical and microbial contamination. Conventional technologies, including filteration, do not adequately provide complete answers to these problems. Photocatalytic oxidation combined with filteration provides one of the most viable solutions to the problem of indoor air contamination by microorganisms and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). It can also provide a defense against bioterrorism. This paper describes the theoretical background of the technology and results of its effectiveness against VOCs, bacteria, spores, and dust mite allergens. Although the technology uses UV photons from blacklight, it can be designed to use sunlight with the help of fiber optics.

scholarly journals Recent Chalenges of indoor air quality

Paliva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 114-135
Author(s):  
František Skácel ◽  
Viktor Tekáč
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Treatment Techniques

Indoor air pollution is a complex issue involving a wide diversity and variability of pollutants that threats human health. In this context, major efforts should be made to enhance indoor air quality. Thus, it is important to start by the control of indoor pollution sources. This review presents a general overview of single treatment techniques such as mechanical and electrical filtration, adsorption, ozonation, photolysis, photocatalytic oxidation, biological processes, and membrane separation. Since there is currently no technology that can be considered fully satisfactory for achieving ‘‘cleaner’’ indoor air, special attention is paid to combined purification technologies or innovative alternatives that are currently under research and have not yet been commercialized (plasma-catalytic hybrid systems, hybrid ozonation systems, biofilter-adsorption systems, etc.). These systems seem to be a good opportunity as they integrate synergetic advantages to achieve good indoor air quality. Review contains more than 150 references.

AWARENESS ABOUT INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN GENERAL POPULATION OF RAWALPINDI AND ISLAMABAD

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Nadia Tariq ◽  
Tamkeen Jaffry ◽  
Rahma Fiaz ◽  
Abdul Majid Rajput ◽  
Sadaf Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Indoor air pollutants are increasingly being associated with respiratory illnesses leading to high degree of morbidity and mortality. There are not sufficient epidemiological studies from Pakistan which assess level of awareness of indoor air pollution resulting in respiratory diseases in population. Methods: This cross sectional survey was carried out on general population of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Sample size was 223 study subjects selected by non-probability convenient sampling. Knowledge of the study subjects was determined with regard to indoor air pollution, its effects on health and different sources of indoor air pollution with the help of a questionnaire. The influence of age, gender, educational status and socio economic status on the level of awareness was also analyzed. Results: Out of total 223 participants, 115 were males and108 females. Participants aware of indoor air pollution were 91.5% and adequate awareness about its sources was 80.7%. Those who knew indoor air pollution is detrimental to health were 95.1%. Awareness about building construction dust as source of indoor air pollution was maximum (84.8%). There was significant difference in awareness among participants with different monthly incomes and educational status and also between males and females. Conclusion: This study concludes that general population of Rawalpindi/Islamabad has fairly good awareness about sources of indoor air pollution. Use of harmful material causing indoor air pollution should be limited or substituted with better ones where possible.

ANALISIS PENGUKURAN KONSENTRASI KARBONMONOKSIDA (CO) PADA BREATHING ZONE PETUGAS PARKIR BASEMENT MALL KOTA BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Personal Dosimeter ◽  
Co Gas

Indoor air pollution in closed room is one of the air pollution that gives serious threats to human health. One of them come from vehicle gas emissions in closed parking area. This research identifies and analyses CO concentration measured in Mall X parking man’s breathing zone with closed parking area and in Mall Y semi-opened parking area. CO measurement carried out by passive sampling method using Personal Dosimeter Tubes. Measurement result of CO gas concentration to parking man’s breathing zone in Mall X was 25 – 81,25 ppm with average value in 50 ± 26,15 ppm. Meanwhile CO gas concentration in Mall Y gave result 3,13 – 12,5 ppm with average value in 7,88 ± 4,36 ppm. Correlation value between CO concentration and its intake in Mall X area was 0,9983, meanwhile correlation value between CO concentration and its intake in Mall Y area was 0,9903. It was concluded that CO gas concentration measured in parking man’s breathing zone influenced the differences of CO intake value in significance value.

Stability of Ceramic Glazes Obtained by Valorification of Anorganic Pigments Extracted from Electroplating Sludge

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-574
Author(s):  
Mihaela Andreea Mitiu ◽  
Maria Iuliana Marcus ◽  
Maria Vlad ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Balaceanu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Electroplating Sludge ◽  
The Stability

This paper presents the results of the research activity in order to etablish the stability and leaching potential of ceramic tiles which have been developed using glazes colored with pigments obtained by the extraction of chromium and iron metals from electroplating sludge. All these ceramic tiles contain various amounts of heavy metals in their glazes due to the pigments composition. The ceramic samples have been subjected to leaching tests in order to detect if various elements of relevance such as chromium, lead, cadmium, zinc or iron migrated to any great extent into test solutions. Leaching tests have been performed following the international standard SR ISO 10545-15 method for specific metals leaching into 4% acetic acid solutions at 220C after a 24h period and the international standard SR EN 12457/1-4 method with distilled water as leaching agent at LSR of 10 l/kg, for 24h period. Amounts of heavy metals have been negligible or non-detectable (iron) in the leaching solutions, being well below the limit values established by the legislation in force.

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