scholarly journals Studies on Aroma Gene and its Application in Rice Genetics and Breeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Yu-Han Zuo ◽  
Yan-Lin Hao ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
Dong-Yan Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Rice Genetics ◽  
Made In

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world, and the staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Along with the sustained development of living standards, people’s demand for high quality rice is increasing. As one of the types of cultivated rice, aromaticrice is preferred by most of the consumers because of its agreeable scent. With the rapid development of rice functional genomics and sequencing technology, great progress has been made in understanding the aroma gene in rice, and a series of functional markers has been developed for screening the aroma gene and breeding new rice varieties in recent years. This paper mainly reviews the progress in the genetic basis, gene function and regulation of the aroma gene, and the application of aroma gene functional markers in the genetic improvement and breeding of aromaticrice. Thus, it provides important references for the cultivation of new varieties of aromaticrice.

scholarly journals Allelic variations in aroma gene in cultivated rice varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
A. Akwero ◽  
D. Ocan ◽  
W. Akech ◽  
J. Lamo ◽  
M. Ochwo-Ssemakula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Allelic Variations ◽  
Badh2 Gene

Germplasm is a valuable source of genetic diversity that supports crop improvement efforts in any breeding programme but it must first be fully characterised for economically valuable traits before it can be effectively utilised. In rice (Oryza sativa), the development of new varieties with improved aroma requires correct phenotyping and prior knowledge of the available genes and alleles governing the aroma trait in the gene pool. Correct phenotyping and genotyping can be achieved using sensory methods and functional markers associated with polymorphisms that define the aroma genes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aroma status of rice accessions and to assess for the various alleles of badh2 gene using functional markers. A total of 56 rice accessions were evaluated at National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) in Uganda for their aroma using sensory methods and a molecular marker to differentiate between aromatic and non- aromatic accessions. The aromatic accessions were then evaluated for variations within the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase2 (badh2) gene responsible for aroma in rice using functional markers. Sensory evaluation of aroma identified 23 accessions to be aromatic; while 33 were non-aromatic. Molecular results identified 20 accessions as aromatic; while 36 accessions were non-aromatic. Functional marker analysis indicated the presence of badh2-E7 allele in 20 aromatic accessions within this collection that could be employed in the breeding programme for the rice aromatic trait. Key words: badh2 alleles, functional markers, Oryza sativa

Geographic pattern of variation among Asian native rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) based on fifteen isozyme loci

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Glaszmann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Himalayan Foothills

The geographic pattern of isozyme variation among rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Asia is described based on an electrophoretic survey of 1688 accessions for 15 loci. The distribution patterns are strongly determined by the existence of several varietal groups that are characterized by contrasting multilocus types with dissimilar environmental and macrogeographic distributions. The two main groups correspond to the indica and japonica subspecies. Other types are frequently found in the Indian subcontinent, especially along the Himalayan foothills. These types are predominant in the Indus River basin. They are differentiated into four groups in the eastern part of the Himalayan foothills. There is variation within the groups. Non-random allele distributions are observed, such as regional clines and narrow localization of alleles. Diversity among indica rice is evenly distributed in whole tropical Asia. Variation among japonica rice shows the hilly part of continental Southeast Asia to be the region of highest genetic diversity and its probable area of origin. All this information provides a guide for further analysis aimed at elucidating the history of cultivated rice in Asia and, subsequently, in other continents.Key words: Asian rice, genetic diversity, isozymes, geographic distributions.

scholarly journals A large-scale analysis of seed natural aging revealed stronger aging resistance in weedy rice than coexisting cultivated rice for continuous 4 years across China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
weimin dai ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Yu-Jie Zhang ◽  
Xi-Xi Sun ◽  
Jin-Ling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Aging Resistance

Abstract Increasing resistance to aging is conducive to seed storage and germination rate of crop. Meanwhile, the resistance to aging is one of the important adaptive mechanisms of weed to thrive in farmland. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) provide a unique pair demonstrating a weed and conspecific model crop that can be used to study the aging resistance of plants across a diverse geographical range. Chinese weedy rice derived from de-domestication of cultivated rice has rapidly risen to malignant weeds, though the hazard has only been reported for about 20 years. Whether weedy rice rapidly evolves higher seed aging resistance than cultivated rice during the process of dedomestication, which is conducive to its persistence in rice fields, is still unclear. In this experiment, the seeds of weed rice populations and their co-existing rice varieties were collected from 61 regions of China and germinated under normal and high temperatures for consecutive four years (2013–2016). Our study found that the aging resistance of weedy rice was higher than that of the co-existing rice cultivars, and weedy rice may have evolved a different aging resistance mechanism than rice cultivars and could be used as a germplasm resource to cultivate aging-resistant rice. The indica-type has strong aging resistance and no dormancy, while the japonica type has weak aging resistance and a little weak dormancy. Thus, by introducing indica-type aging-resistant alleles into japonica rice, cultivation of aging-resistant japonica rice could be possible.

Prevalence, Agronomic Characteristics and Biology of Weedy Rice Biotypes of Nueva Ecija, Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWIN C. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics

A survey of different weedy rice biotypes was conducted in rice field areasof Nueva Ecija from CY 2004-2006 to determine their prevalence, agronomiccharacteristics and biology. Surveys and quadrat samplings were conducted inrandom alongside of the roads to gather data on prevalence, height, numberof panicles/plant and density/m of weedy rice as well as the cultivated onesthey were associated. Studies on seed germination test, biology and agronomical characteristics of different weedy rice biotypes were also conducted at thelaboratory and screenhouse of Crop Protection Division, Philippine Rice ResearchInstitute.  Five weedy rice biotypes designated as WR-NE 1, WR-NE 2, WR-NE3, WR-NE 4 and WR-NE 5 were found distributed almost everywhere in ricefields of Nueva Ecija. Among the biotypes, WR-NE 1 was the most common inmany rice fields. Prevalence of all biotypes around the province ranged from 1to 17%. In the field, all biotypes were found taller but had fewer panicles plantthan cultivated rice varieties. In the laboratory, all weedy rice biotypes emergedearlier than PSB Rc82 and IR64. Under screenhouse condition, all weedy ricebiotypes were taller, produced more leaves and culms plant than the cultivatedrice. WR-NE 5 was the tallest biotype while WR-NE 1 and WR-NE 2 had themost number of leaves and culms plant-1-1. All biotypes matured earlier but hadno seed shattering characteristics. The biotypes had comparable values in termsof flag leaf areas and LAI/plant with PSB Rc82. Shoot dry weight and number ofpanicles/plant of all biotypes was significantly higher than the control varieties.WR-NE 4 and WR-NE 5 had the longest panicles, longer and wider grains.Grains/panicle was highest in WR-NE 5 (102 grains/panicle). Grain lengthwidthratio (GLWR)of all biotypes, however,weresignificantly lowerthan thetwocontrolvarieties.WR-NE1 and WR-NE4 had the longest length of awnwhileWR-NE4 and WR-NE5 had the highest grain weight(both at 24 g/1000grains).The growthand developmentof the fiveweedyrice biotypes weremuchadvantageouscomparedto selected cultivarssuggesting their competitivenessandthreatin achieving the potential yield and quality of harvestedcultivatedrice. Keywords - Plant ecology, prevalence, agronomic characteristics, weed biology, biotype,Oryza sativa L., weedy rice, experimental design, Philippines

scholarly journals Developments of instruments and methods related with high-speed countercurrent chromatography and their applications in research of natural medicines

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Yao ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
Chun-mei Jia ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Hang Song
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Countercurrent Chromatography ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Natural Medicines ◽  
Made In

AbstractHigh-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is a liquid-liquid separation chromatographic technique which uses no solid supporting medium. During its rapid development in the last 30 years, great progress has been made in the instrumentation, the basic study and application of HSCCC. It has significant advantages over other instrumental separation techniques, in its high efficiency and continuous processing capability. In recent years, HSCCC has been widely used in research and development of natural medicines and functional foods, including preparative separation, fingerprint analysis and screening of bioactive constituents. A review of the technique is presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships and diversity of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) and cultivated rice varieties in Okayama Prefecture, Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Akasaka ◽  
Jun Ushiki ◽  
Hiroyoshi Iwata ◽  
Ryuji Ishikawa ◽  
Toshio Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Okayama Prefecture

scholarly journals Problems and Countermeasures in the Budget Cost Control of Decoration Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Yujia
Keyword(s):  
Cost Control ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Budget Control ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In ◽  
China’S Economy

With the rapid development of China's economy and technology, great progress has been made in all fields. Especially in the field of decoration engineering, great breakthroughs have also been made. The strength of enterprises continues to increase, and the gap between enterprises continues to narrow. In this context, how to strengthen the cost control of decoration enterprises and continuously improve their own strength has become an urgent problem. Based on this, this article carried out the budget analysis of the decoration project and analyzed the problems existing in the enterprise cost budget control. Finally, this paper proposes a series of measures such as unifying the cost budget specifications, continuously improving the project cost budget control system, and strengthening the project cost budget monitoring.

Mobile to Fuel Explosive Ecommerce Growthin india

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Yadav ◽  
Pranjeet Das ◽  
Ravi Kumar Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Is Security ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Made In

E-commerce is process of doing business through computer networks. Advances in wireless network technology and the continuously increasing number of users of mobile latter on make an ideal platform for offering various high utilityservices in just a snap of a finger to the mobile users and give pace to the rapid development of E-Commerce in India.E-commerce is considered an excellent alternative for companies to reach new customersbut the fact that has hindered the growth of e-commerce is security. Security is the challenge facing e-commerce today and there is still a lot of advancement made in the field of securityfor increasing the use of e-commerce in developing countries the B2B e-commerce is implemented for improving access to global markets for firms in developing countries. With the special characteristics and constraints of mobile terminals and wireless networks and the context, situations and circumstances that people use their hand-held terminalswhich will ultimately fuel explosive ecommerce growth in India This paper highlights the various key challenges and opportunities which Indian e-commerce industry may face in the upcoming years. And also discuss challenges in electronic commerce transactions.

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