scholarly journals Principles of Christian Theology in Augustine’s Perspective with An Attitude to the Divine Justice

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Sajad Zangane-tabar ◽  
Ghorban Elmi ◽  
Jafar Shanazari
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Divine Justice ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era

Faith had a special place in the thought of Augustine, so that it should be considered essential as a starting point in the process of human purification. In this opinion, our knowledge to the seen and believable affairs would be the thoughts and faith respectively. This approch stated about the role of faith in the understanding that revelation invites us to believe and we cannot understand as long as we don’t believe. The Greek ideas have been used during Fathers period and its subject matter emphasized that there is a great and infinite God. The concept of God in Greek philosophy was close to the God of the Bible in some ways. Justin martyr confirmed that the Christian faith is the only valid and useful philosophy. More righteous God should be inclusive to the extent of justice’s concept. God worship must be a responsibility not just for the chosen nation, but other people also worship him. Augustine and holy texts considered attributes to God such as infinite, substantive, creative, love, goodness, justice, almighty, creator, eternal and penetrating. Augustine knew the God's righteousness attribute eternal and said about God that he is an eternal and immutable truth that is present in our minds and he agreed the formal theory of three hypostases (God, Christ or the Logos and the Holy Spirit). He was one of the greatest Christian theorist of the Trinity; the only real God has been formed from three persons under the names of Father, Son and the Holy Spirit in his view. The most important attribute of God is unity. The doctrine of grace is as the basic Christian concepts. Paul knew the grace implies on the act of mercy of God and also a major factor for salvation. Augustine knew the first humanity's sin great and unjust somehow our minds are unable to understand the damages caused by it. No one are known to be exempted of this just and true punishment unless, free mercy and grace of God release him. Religious reformation motion also questioned the authoritarianism in religious life and its emphasis on the personal aspect of faith that played a role in the transition from the medieval world to the modern era. The impact of Christian classical teachings and the ideas of Augustine was undeniable on the development of Christian theology.

The Authority of the Holy Spirit

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-197
Author(s):  
H. F. Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Constitutive Principle ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Inner Light ◽  
The Church

What is the ultimate seat of authority to which Christian theology makes its appeal?' Dr Whale in posing this question says that answers fall into three great and distinctive types. ‘The first type emphasises the authority of the Church’ while ‘the second type emphasises the sole authority of the Bible’ and ‘the third type may be loosely described as mystical—its constitutive principle is the “Inner Light”'.1

scholarly journals Kristologi Biblika Menurut Kaum Reformed Sebagai Salah Satu Dasar Apologetika Dalam Menghadapi Pengajaran Gnostik Di Era Postmodern

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Marlon Butarbutar
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Eternal Salvation ◽  
The Church

Kristologi adalah merupakan pokok terpenting dalam ajaran iman Kristen. Kristologi juga bisa disebut sebagai pusat kekristenan itu sendiri, dengan itu kristologi adalah pusat dari ilmu theologia. Karenanya mempelajari Pribadi dan karya Kristus, berarti sedang berada pada pusat theologi Kristen. Yesus Kristuslah yang memberikan identitas kepada kekristenan, yang sekaligus membedakannya dari agama atau kepercayaan yang lain. Keistimewaan doktrin ini terletak dalam pribadi dan karya Yesus Kristus sebagai Tuhan yang menjadi finalitas jalan menuju kepada keselamatan yang kekal. Pemahaman yang benar terhadap doktrin kristologi tidak lepas dari pengetahuan yang sehat terhadap Alkitab, sebab Alkitablah satu-satunya sumber utama yang dengan jujur dan terbuka memberikan kesaksian mengenai pribadi Yesus sebagai juruselamat dunia. Memang realita historis tulisan-tulisan di dalam Alkitab itu ditulis oleh manusia, akan tetapi proses penulisannya diilhami oleh Allah melalui pimpinan Roh Kudus sehingga apa yang diucapkan atau ditulis sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan (bnd. 2Tim 3:16). Alkitab secara keseluruhan dipercaya dengan akurat dalam mengambarkan Yesus Kristus. Akan tetapi dalam prosesnya banyak ditemukan bahwa kristologi yang dihasilkan bertentangan dengan Alkitab. Sejarah membuktikan bahwa gereja selalu berhadapan dengan pengajaran-pengajaran sesat yang menyerang gereja dari dalam. Dalam hal ini berbentuk ajaran-ajaran (doktrin) yang menyesatkan atau bidat-bidat yang menyelewengkan ajaran murni Alkitab. Bahaya ajaran-ajaran sesat ini tidak saja timbul pada abad-abad belakangan ini, melainkan sudah ada sejak gereja didirikan. Karenanya penulis hendak menguraikan kristologi yang akan menjadi dasar apologetika di era postmodern sekarang ini.   Christology is the most important point in the teachings of the Christian faith. Christology can also be called the center of Christianity itself, so that Christology is the center of theological science. Therefore studying the Person and work of Christ, means being at the center of Christian theology. It is Jesus Christ who gives identity to Christianity, which also distinguishes it from other religions or beliefs. The specialty of this doctrine lies in the person and work of Jesus Christ as Lord who becomes the finality of the path to eternal salvation. A correct understanding of the doctrine of Christology is inseparable from a healthy knowledge of the Bible, because the Bible is the only major source that honestly and openly testifies about the person of Jesus as the savior of the world. Indeed the historical reality of the writings in the Bible was written by humans, but the process of writing was inspired by God through the leadership of the Holy Spirit so that what was said or written was according to God's will (cf. 2Tim 3:16). The Bible as a whole is believed to be accurate in describing Jesus Christ. However, in the process it was found that the resulting christology was in conflict with the Bible. History proves that the church is always dealing with false teachings that attack the church from within. In this case the form of teachings (doctrines) are misleading or heretics who distort the pure teachings of the Bible. The danger of these heresies has not only arisen in recent centuries, but has existed since the church was founded. Therefore the author wants to elaborate on the Christology that will be the basis of apologetics in the current postmodern era.

scholarly journals PERISTIWA PENTAKOSTA DIPANDANG DARI PERSPEKTIF TEOLOGI YANG TRANSFORMATIF

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Dio A. Pradipta
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Spiritual Gifts ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Broad Aspect ◽  
Acts 2

Abstract The Pentecostal events that took place in the Acts 2, are believed to be the fulfillment of the prophecy of the prophet Joel (Joel 2: 28-32); at least, that is the Pentecostals’ perspective today. The problem that arises is that often the outpouring of the Holy Spirit is not seen as a precursor of change or transformation whether it is individual or ecclesiological (liturgical worship). People tend to ignore the contribution of Holy Spirit in the life of believers. The resurrection of Jesus Christ is indeed a very important event, but Pentecost is what drives the apostles to be witnesses of Christ. In this paper, we try to describe the impact of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in Acts 2: 1-4 in two aspects namely the narrow (personal) aspect, and broad (ecclesiological) aspect. In a narrow aspect, Pentecost changes the lives of believers as empowerment for mission and the starting point for changing the character of believers in a positive direction. In a broad aspect, it turns out that the outpouring of the Holy Spirit also brought changes to the liturgy of the great worship that is seen today at Pentecostal vs. worship. non-Pentakota. Researchers argue, the striking difference is because the Pentecostals' response to the outpouring of the Holy Spirit itself is very accommodating and responsive. Pentecost worship is a worship that is sensitive to the empowerment of the Holy Spirit manifested in spiritual gifts. These spiritual gifts have a significant impact on communal growth.   Keywords: pentecost; transformation; ecclesiology; pneumatology; holy spirit   Abstrak Peristiwa Pentakosta yang terjadi di Kisah Para Rasul pasal yang ke-2, diyakini sebagai penggenapan nubuatan nabi Yoel (Yl. 2:28-32); setidaknya, itulah perspektif kaum Pentakosta sekarang ini. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah seringkali pencurahan Roh Kudus tidak dipandang sebagai sebuah prekursor atas perubahan atau transformasi baik itu bersifat individu maupun secara eklesiologi (liturgi ibadah). Pemahaman yang terlalu kritosentris cenderung mengabaikan sumbangsih pneumatologis di dalam kehidupan orang percaya. Kebangkitan Yesus Kristus memang peristiwa yang sangat penting, tetapi Pentakosta yang mendorong para rasul menjadi saksi Kristus. Di tulisan ini, peneliti berusaha menggambarkan dampak pencurahan Roh Kudus di dalam Kisah Para Rasul 2:1-4 di dalam dua aspek yaitu aspek yang sempit (pribadi), dan aspek yang luas (eklesiologi). Dalam aspek sempit, Pentakosta mengubahkan kehidupan orang percaya sebagai pemberdayaan untuk misi serta titik tolak perubahan karakter orang percaya ke arah yang positif. Dalam aspek luas, ternyata pencurahan Roh Kudus juga membawa perubahan pada liturgi ibadah raya yang sebagaimana dilihat sekarang ini di ibadah Pentakosta vs. non-Pentaksota. Peneliti berargumen, perbedaan mencolok adalah karena respons umat Pentakosta terhadap peristiwa pencurahan Roh Kudus sendiri yang sangat akomodatif dan responsif. Ibadah Pentakosta merupakan sebuah ibadah yang peka terhadap pemberdayaan Roh Kudus yang termanifestasi dalam karunia-karunia roh. Karunia roh tersebut memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan komunal.   Kata Kunci: pentakosta; transformasi; eklesiologi; pneumatologi; roh kudus

scholarly journals Håbets mellemrum - Nutid og fremtid i Grundtvigs tolkning af håbsbegrebet

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-157
Author(s):  
Christian Højlund
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
Lord's Prayer ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

The Interval of Hope: Present and Future - Grundtvig’s Interpretation of the Concept of Hopeby Christian HøjlundIn his earlier sermons (1810-15) Grundtvig interpreted the Christian hope in the orthodox Lutheran way: hope was bound to the words of the Bible and not until these were finally fulfilled and the last days entered upon would the hope of Christ’s kingdom and eternal life also be fulfilled. Until then, the pilgrim on earth must be satisfied with allowing himself to be guided by the star of hope before him. In other words, hope was a purely future concept. This was also the case with the rationalists. But with them, the fulfilment was further conditional upon man’s own reason and virtue.When Grundtvig took over a living in Copenhagen during Advent 1822 he began to do serious battle with this theology. By letting reason be the only accepted way to the hope in the Bible the rationalists had gained a monopoly on the right way to interpret the scriptures. They had taken hope from the Church and made it a false hope dependent on man’s own efforts.His attack on the rationalists partly dealt a blow to Grundtvig’s own view of the scriptures. The authenticity of hope could no longer rest on one or other interpretation of the scriptures. Only the living gospel, which had sounded from generation to generation in the Church, witnessed the truth of hope. Without a living gospel there is no hope. The Holy Spirit was the Church’s own interpreter of the scriptures and the living word preached in the church was the right basis for hope.The way to the loud and clear words from the Lord’s own mouth through baptism and communion was now open for Grundtvig. Now hope was revealed as the hope of Christ and changed its course towards God’s kingdom inasmuch as the Jesus child was reborn in the rebirth of baptism and prayed alongside the child when it faltered over the Lord’s prayer. There the hope of the eschatological meal, which is anticipted in Holy Communion, will be fulfilled and the glorified Christ will be one with the baptised.The birth of hope, its growth and fulfilment thus for Grundtvig became bound up with the order of service from baptism to communion. He thereby achieved two things, I) Hope acquired a new dimension. From being solely a comforter for the future it brought the impact of God’s kingdom into the present as well, with peace and justice and joy experienced in the loud and clear address of the church service, II) He avoided a mere visionary proclamation of hope, which would force God’s kingdom forward and make itself master over it. Hope was Christ Himself, both in its origin and in its fulfilment.But when in the 1830’s Grundtvig unreservedly emphasized the created human life as the prerequisite and the linking-point for God’s saving address, hope became really ridiculous and indefensible in the eyes of the world. This was precisely the case with Jesus* birth as a human baby. And this was how it must therefore be with the rebirth of baptism. There and only there could God’s Kingdom begin to grow. Thus the Christian Church, in Grundtvig’s opinion, had to give up its role as guardian, forcing people to believe. It had to stick to the naked word of the gospel. Yet at the same time it was Grundtvig’s conviction that wherever this word met together in free interplay with created man in his local, human context, the true hope could and would be born, and God’s Kingdom could grow on earth - invisible but real.

scholarly journals Pneumatology and Politics: The role of the Holy Spirit in the articulation of an Orthodox political theology

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Asproulis
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In this paper an attempt is made to discuss the importance of the Holy Spirit in the development of an Orthodox political theology, by bringing into critical dialogue the recent contributions of two of the most known Orthodox theologians of the young generation, namely A. Papanikolaou and P. Kalaitzidis. It is commonly recognized that the Holy Spirit is closely related both to the very “constitution of the whole Church” in virtue of the Eucharistic event, as well as to the everyday charismatic lives of individual Christians due to the various forms or stages of ascetism. In this respect a careful comparative examination of these two important works, would highlight some invaluable elements (Eucharistic perspective, eschatological orientation, historical commitment, ethical action, open and critical dialogue with modernity etc.) toward a formulation of a comprehensive and urgently necessary political theology. This sort of political theology should have inevitable implications for the Christian perception of the communal and the individual ecclesial life. This “theo-political” program proposed by the two thinkers and founded on a robust Pneumatology, could be perfectly included, following the apostolic kerygma and the patristic ethos, into a new way of doing (Orthodox) Christian theology, that takes as its starting point the grammar of the self-Revelation of God in the ongoing history of salvation (“Church and World Dogmatics”).

scholarly journals Pemahaman Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen tentang Mempersembahkan Tubuh Roma 12:1-3

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Andrianus Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Education Teacher ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Mind

AbstrackThe Christian religious education teacher is an educator who provides knowledge about Christianity based on the Bible, centered on Jesus Christ, and relied on the Holy Spirit. Christian Religious Education teachers must be able to offer their bodies in Romans 12:1-3. The understanding of offering the body include: 1)the Christian religious education teacher always i approaches the loving and generous God 2)give advice by encouraging, directing convey the truth of God's Words. 3). renewal of the mind by distinguishing which is good and pleasing to God. Thus, each Christian religious education teacher can understand that a true educator must surrender his/her body as a true offering according to will of God.Key word: Christian education teacher; Offering the body Romans 12:1-3.ABSTRAKGuru Pendidikan Agama Kristen merupakan seorang pendidik yang memberikan ilmu pengetahuan tentang agama Kristen yang berdasarkan Alkitab, berpusat pada Yesus Kristus, dan bergantung pada Roh Kudus kepada peserta didik dalam kegiatan belajarmengajar. Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen harus mampu mempersembahkan tubuhnya dalam Roma 12:1-3 sebagai ibadah sejati. Pemahaman mempersembahkan tubuh yaitu 1)guru Pendidikan agama Kristen senantiasa menghampiri Allah yang penuh kasih dan kemurahan 2)memberikan nasihat dengan mendorong, mengarahkan dan berdasarkan kebenaran Firman Tuhan. 3)pembaharuan budi dengan membedakan mana yang baik dan yang berkenan kepada Allah. Demikian Guru Pendidikan Agama kristen mampu memahami mempersembahkan tubuh menyangkut kehendak Allah sebagai pendidik yang sejati.Kata Kunci: Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen; Mempersembahkan tubuh.

scholarly journals Knowing the Father

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David. T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Charismatic Movement ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Doctrine Of The Trinity ◽  
The Trinity

The emergence of the Charismatic movement has generated a new awareness and interest in the Person and work of the Holy Spirit, but has also brought a realisation that there is a still-neglected Person of the Trinity, the Father. Part of the reason for this lies in the historical development in the doctrine of the Trinity, which led to a belief that external actions of God are not differentiated between the Persons, and also in the fact that the Father only generally acts in the world by Son and Spirit, so has no clear role. It seems natural to attribute creation to the Father, but even here, the Bible sees the Son as the actual creator. Nevertheless, the Father can be seen as the source of the concepts and means behind the material; interestingly there are hints of this in classical Greek thought and other faiths. This is ongoing, perhaps particularly in the evolutionary process of the world. Thus, paralleling the incarnation, the Father is present in the material universe, as its ethos. He can also be seen to be affected by creation, sharing in its nature in his kenōsis, and in its suffering. Creation then inspires a sense of wonder not only from its existence, extent and nature, but from its interactions and underlying concepts; this is worship of the Father. Sin is then when this is overlooked, or when actions disrupt it; these are an offence to the Father.

scholarly journals Political Theology as Theodicy: The Holy Spirit’s Performance in the Economy of Redemption

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-219
Author(s):  
Martin Grassi
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Political Performance ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Relationship

Although Political Theology examined mainly the political dimension of the relationship between God-Father and God-Son, it is paramount to consider the political performance of the Holy Spirit in the Economy of Redemption. The Holy Spirit has been characterized as the binding cause and the principle of relationality both referring to God’s inner life and to God’s relationship with His creatures. As the personalization of relationality, the Holy Spirit performs a unique task: to bring together what is apart by means of organisation. This power of the Spirit to turn a plurality into a unity is manifested in the Latin translation of oikonomía as disposition, that is, giving a special order to the multiple elements within a certain totality. Within this activity of the Spirit, Theodicy can be regarded as the way to depict God’s arrangement of the world and of history, bringing everything together towards the eschatological Kingdom of God. The paper aims at showing this fundamental activity of the Holy Spirit in Christian Theology, and intends to pose the question on how to think on a theology beyond theodicy, that is, how to think on a Trinitarian God beyond the categories of sovereignty and totalization.

Experiencing the Spirit

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-79
Author(s):  
Simeon Zahl
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Temporal Specificity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Holy Spirit

This chapter argues that a constructive recovery of the category of “experience” in Christian theology is best accomplished through the lens of the theology of the Holy Spirit. Thinking about experience in terms of the work of the Holy Spirit helps specify what we mean when we talk about Christian “experience,” while also avoiding the problems that arise in appeals to more general concepts of “religious experience.” The chapter shows how a pneumatologically informed theology of experience draws attention to a problematic tendency towards abstraction and disembodiment in much modern systematic theology. It then argues that the work of the Spirit is likely to take forms that are “practically recognizable” in the lives of Christians in the world, exhibiting temporal specificity as well as affective and emotional impact, and that pneumatologies that cannot take account of such practically recognizable effects are deficient.

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