scholarly journals Short and Long-term Asymmetric Farm-Retail Price Transmission Analysis in the Canadian Agri-food Industry: Evidence from Dairy and Pork Sectors with Threshold Cointegration Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Baoubadi Atozou ◽  
Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin ◽  
Aristide Bonsdaouende Valea ◽  
Sirine Aouini
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Threshold Autoregressive ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Short And Long Term

Empirical studies show that market concentration and pricing policies regulation have an important impact on price transmission. These factors lead to an asymmetric price transmission, particularly in agricultural commodities markets. This paper investigates farm-retail price transmission along the Canadian dairy and pork values chains using Threshold Autoregressive, Momentum Threshold Autoregressive, Error Correction Models and Granger causality test. Using monthly price data, we found that farm-retail price transmission is asymmetric in short and long-term between raw milk and butter price while it is symmetric in the cheese case. In the pork sector, price transmission is asymmetric in long-term and symmetric in short-term between farm price and respectively pork chops and bacon prices. Because of processor and retailer concentration, consumer prices respond more quickly to upward than downward of farm prices. The processors, retailers and distributors concentration along the value chain in Canadian dairy and pork sectors and the supply management regulation policies as well as income stabilization insurance program are the main factors generating this market structure. Consideration of the characteristics of farmers, processors, and retailers in the value chain and the actors’ potential reactions to the agricultural policy could better protect consumers and producers from market distortion.

scholarly journals Towards better understanding of vegetable market functioning: The Lithuanian cases of fresh tomatoes and cucumbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Nelė Jurkėnaitė ◽  
Dimitrios Paparas
Keyword(s):  
Price Transmission ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Threshold Autoregressive ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fresh Tomato

The efficiency of the European Union vegetable market depends on the ability of Member States to identify and solve market functioning problems of particular agricultural commodities. The goal is to investigate the vertical price transmission along the fresh tomato and cucumber supply chains in Lithuania. The article contributes to the scarce research on the Lithuanian vegetable market, enriching the previous studies with fresh tomato and cucumber cases. The study employs unit root tests, the Johansen and the Engle–Granger co-integration tests, describes error correction model coefficients and provides results of the Granger causality test and momentum threshold autoregressive test for asymmetry. Results of price transmission analysis show the presence of the long-run asymmetry within the studied value chains suggesting that the markets are not efficient; however, the market of cucumbers returns to an equilibrium quicker. Finally, the study confirms that in both cases, there are long-term relationships between retail and farm prices, while the causality is running from farm to retail level in both markets.

scholarly journals International portfolio diversification: United States and south Asian equity markets

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Mushtaq ◽  
Zulfiqar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Equity Markets ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Market Index ◽  
International Portfolio Diversification ◽  
The Us ◽  
Short And Long Term

This paper explores the dynamic liaison between US and three developing South Asian equity markets in short and long term. To gauge the long-term relationship, we applied Johansen co-integration procedure as all the representative indices are found to be non-stationary at level. The findings illustrate that the US equity market index exhibits a reasonably different movement over time in contrast to the three developing equity markets under consideration. However, the Granger-causality test divulge that the direction of causality scamper from US equity market to the three South Asian markets. It further indicates that within the three developing equity markets the direction of causality emanates from Bombay stock market to Karachi and Colombo. Overall, the results of the study suggest that the American investors can get higher returns through international diversification into developing equity markets, while the US stock market would also be a gainful upshot for South Asian investors.

scholarly journals Market Integration and Price Transmission in the Vertical Supply Chain of Rice: An Evidence from Bangladesh

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Limon Deb ◽  
Yoonsuk Lee ◽  
Sang Hyeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Threshold Autoregressive ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Retail Prices

As a staple food, rice has an enormous market in Bangladesh in terms of market participants and the volume of the product. As the price of rice is always a sensitive factor for producers, poor consumers and policy makers, this paper investigates market integration and price transmission along the vertical supply chain of rice. Johansen’s test of co-integration confirmed that farm, wholesale and retail prices are co-integrated in the long-run. A causality test revealed that prices were found to be at wholesale levels for both the upstream and downstream markets. The asymmetry error correction model (ECM) has discovered short-run and long-run asymmetry in price transmission in the vertical supply chain where both producers and consumers were being affected due to positive and negative asymmetry. Threshold autoregressive (TAR) and momentum threshold autoregressive (M-TAR) models have confirmed threshold co-integration as well as threshold effect on asymmetry in price transmission. The results highlight the inevitability of policy implementations and increased public interventions to reduce asymmetry for engendering greater pricing efficiency in Bangladesh rice markets.

scholarly journals Spatial Integration of the Milk Market in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Roman
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Price Differences ◽  
Milk Market ◽  
The Eu

The production of milk is an essential branch of agricultural production in Poland. There have been considerable changes in the milk market in Poland over the last 20 years (such as, e.g., the adjustment of the market to the EU requirements, which had an impact on the functioning of this market as well as its spatial integration. This research mainly aimed to assess the processes of spatial integration on the Polish milk market in the period 1999–2018. In order to process the material collected, the author applied the analysis of price differences, the analysis of correlation, the Johansen test of cointegration and the Granger causality test. As a result of the research conducted, it was found that there is a long-term balance between prices in various voivodeships in Poland. Moreover, the closer the voivodeships were to one another, the greater the co-variability of prices was between them. In addition, it was indicated which voivodeships were crucial from the point of view of the process of revealing and determining raw milk prices in Poland by two distinguished periods (1999–2008 and 2009–2018).

scholarly journals TRANSMISI HARGA GABAH TERHADAP HARGA BERAS: TINJAUAN ARAH, BESARAN DAN LAMA PERUBAHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Agung Andiojaya
Keyword(s):  
Price Change ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Rice Price ◽  
Rice Prices ◽  
The Government

Policies to maintain rice prices are a sensitive policy in Indonesia so that the government controls the rice price tightly in every level of the rice market. To make sure it runs well, the government needs to take into account the magnitude, direction, and speed of transmission of the rice price changes. When these three things can be monitored and controlled well, the success rate of controlling prices is in hand. This study investigates the direction and speed of transmission of changes in grain prices at the farm level to changes in rice prices at various levels of trade. The empirical results utilizing Granger Causality Test and VAR indicate that changes in the price of grain at the farm level significantly cause changes in rice prices at the milling and wholesale levels in a unidirectional way. Meanwhile, there is a piece of additional information where changes in the retail price of rice significantly cause changes in the price of grain at the farm level rather than vice versa. By implementing the IRFs method reveal the transmission’s duration of price change takes place in the short term and long term. Considering these findings, the policy of stabilizing rice prices at the mill and wholesale levels should be implemented immediately when the price of farmers' grain begins to change.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and tourist mobility at destinations: a literature review and emerging research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Viana-Lora ◽  
Antoni Domènech ◽  
Aaron Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
The Future ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to review conceptual and empirical studies that analyse the impact of the pandemic on mobility and tourism behaviour at destinations in order to identify proposals, forecasts and recommendations to guide the future research agenda on the subject.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a systematic literature review to synthesise information from scientific articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database related to tourism mobility at destinations during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThis article found that, according to the existing literature, the COVID-19 pandemic is acting as a catalyst for the sustainable transition of tourism. Although the findings reveal a lack of empirical research on the impact of the pandemic on tourism mobility at destinations, the article synthesizes the short- and long-term impacts of the pandemic and sets out the future research agenda on tourist mobility at destinations.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the impact of the pandemic on mobility and tourism behaviour at destinations that attempts to describe the emerging challenges and the agenda for future research.

The Effects of Exchange Rate on Export Performance in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Haroub Hamad Omar ◽  
Nildag Basak Ceylan ◽  
Ayhan Kapusuzoglu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Foreign Demand ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Exchange Rate Level

The chapter analyzes the effects of exchange rate of Tanzanian shilling on the country's exports performance applying Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model covering the sample period from 1993:Q1 to 2016:Q4. Cointegration and causality tests are performed to investigate the short- and long-term relationships between the variables to evaluate the financial competition. The results show that; there is no long-term relationship (cointegration) between exchange rates and exports and between foreign demand and exports. Moreover, the results of causality test show no short-term relationship (causality) between exchange rates and exports and between foreign demand and exports. As the findings suggest, the exchange rate level of Tanzanian shilling (in nominal terms) does not statistic-significantly affect the country's exports performance.

scholarly journals Nature Prescriptions for Health: A Review of Evidence and Research Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Kondo ◽  
Kehinde O. Oyekanmi ◽  
Allison Gibson ◽  
Eugenia C. South ◽  
Jason Bocarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Provider Participation

Nature prescription programs have emerged to address the high burden of chronic disease and increasingly sedentary and screen-based lifestyles. This study examines the base of evidence regarding such programs. We conducted a narrative review of published literature using four electronic databases. We included case studies, research design articles, and empirical studies that discussed any type of outdoor exposure or activities initiated by a health-care provider from an outpatient clinic. We examined articles for information on target populations, health outcomes, and structural and procedural elements. We also summarized evidence of the effectiveness of nature prescription programs, and discussed needs and challenges for both practice and research. Eleven studies, including eight empirical studies, have evaluated nature prescription programs with either structured or unstructured formats, referring patients either to nearby parks or to formal outdoor activity programs. Empirical studies evaluate a wide variety of health behaviors and outcomes among the most at-risk children and families. Research is too sparse to draw patterns in health outcome responses. Studies largely tested program structures to increase adherence, or patient follow-through, however findings were mixed. Three published studies explore providers’ perspectives. More research is necessary to understand how to measure and increase patient adherence, short and long-term health outcomes for patients and their families, and determinants of provider participation and participation impacts on providers’ own health.

scholarly journals The IO–PS in the context of GVC-related policymaking: The case of the South African automotive industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter G. Bam ◽  
Karolien De Bruyne ◽  
Mare Laing
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Product Space ◽  
The South ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractRecent years have seen renewed interest in evaluating the effectiveness of industrial policy, especially in the context of global value chains. One approach that might add a complementary view in this domain is product space analysis. To date, product space-based value chain analyses have focused on theoretical debates only, or on empirical applications for a single year. In this paper, we employ the input–output product space (IO–PS) framework combined with a time dimension. We thereby evaluate the effectiveness of industrial policies within a value chain over time. The paper focuses on the case of the South African automotive value chain for the years 1995 to 2017. We evaluate ex post the implemented industrial policies and confirm their (partial) success. We then use the framework to make ex ante recommendations to improve the current policy approach and find that it might pay off to target specific sub-sectors in the future. The results illustrate how the framework can be used to evaluate industrial policies and to identify which parts of the global value chain should be targeted to foster both short- and long-term growth. We also highlight shortcomings of the approach which might limit its application.

Intermittent Breaks of Public Order in the Moroccan Political Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Ben Ahmed Hougua
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Short And Long Term

For more than twenty years, politics in Morocco has been witnessing a change in the cycles of protests under the influence of the parameters linked to the economic liberalization and evolution of the processes of disenchantment with a conventional political culture. The frequent use of repertories of collective action has not failed to shake the political and social landscape to the point that the demobilization of an area is followed by uprisings in neighboring sites. The response of public authorities varies according to the intensity and objectives of the social uprisings. This research is to study the evolution, over time, of the links between repression, the index of consumer prices of basic foodstuffs, and social uprisings. It covers about twenty years from January 1997 to November 2018. In addition to the descriptive temporal evolution, the work applies autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling to examine whether there are short- and long-term associations between the variables mentioned above.

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