scholarly journals Microbiological Safety Levels of South Sudanese Bank Notes in Circulation at University of Juba Food Restaurants

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Amegovu K. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
The South ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Bank Notes

Food borne infections arise from either a host of bacteria, viruses and parasites originating in food or pathogens introduced through cross contamination. This study assessed the potential microbiological cross contamination risk posed by South Sudanese Pounds in circulation at University of Juba food restaurants by examining the level of microorganisms on banknotes. Bacterial contamination on the South Sudanese Pounds in circulation at University of Juba were determined using currencies collected from five different food serving points coded A,B,C, D and E respectively. From each food serving points, five samples of banknotes 5, 10and 25 South Sudanese Pounds denominations were randomly selected and their surface bacterial content enumerated. High and varying proportions of Total Coli forms (TC), Escherichia coli (<em>E. Coli</em>) and Staphylococcus aureus (<em>S. aureus</em>) were detected. Findings revealed a significant correlation between microbial levels and the denominations of the bank notes, with the smallest having the highest levels of microorganisms per square centimeter. However, there was no specific pattern in contamination levels between banknotes obtained from the different food points. Another factor that influenced the level of contamination was period the banknotes took in circulation with the older notes having higher levels of microorganisms. High levels of microorganisms on banknotes coupled with unhygienic food handling practices predisposes consumers to health risks. Strategies to reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens from the South Sudanese Pounds with specific emphasis on awareness programs and improvement in food hygiene &amp; handling practices through physical contact between food and money in restaurants at University of Juba were mentioned in order to reduce risk of food borne illness or otherwise potentially lethal outbreak of food borne diseases.

scholarly journals A Study on Green Marketing: its Use and Importance

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Lalit Kumar Pant ◽  
Ankur Kumar Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Handling Practices

Purity is not a matter for discussion for an essential requirement for one and all and hence saving the nature, environment and health of public of any and all countries and countrymen even if the concerned governments have to spend something more. Using sophisticated methods while producing, dealing or doing the business may be called as green marketing. There is always demand and concern for care of required quantity of production related to consumption / requirement and easy disposal with eco-friendly method is the need of the hour. Producing and maintaining good agricultural practices and good handling practices, operated or pursued, ensure a safer food system in light of outbreaks of food borne illness resulting from contaminated produces. Care for hygiene of workforce, using manure and also the quality of water supply used for irrigation and washing produces is essential

Will the Time of Growth and Development of the Young Republic of South Sudan Come?

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kochanova
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
The South ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Independent State ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
The World ◽  
National Resource

Тhe subject of this study is the young Republic of South Sudan (RSS), the “young” – both in terms of the age of an independent state, and in terms of its demographic potential. RSS, as a member of the United Nations and as a sovereign state, appeared on the world map in 2011, but, possessing super-rich natural resources, has not yet gained sustainable development, moreover, it fell into a deep military-political crisis. Like most countries of the African continent, South Sudan had real demographic capacity, but the authorities were unable to extract any “demographic dividends” from the truly main national resource for the development of the country’s economy, moreover, the number of refugees of young working age is constantly growing. Through the example of South Sudan, which so hard achieved separation of the South from the North and failed to take advantage of the conquered democratic values, the article explores the understudied problem of modification of the consciousness of the younger generation, dictated both by the specifics of the deep historical and cultural tradition of the South Sudanese nationalities and by new trends in global evolutionary processes. Studying the stories from the lives of multi-member families affected during the military-political conflict in the RSS, the author, based on the facts, strongly criticizes the ineffective, even often vicious, youth policy of the South Sudanese government. On the other hand, analyzing the origins, nature, basic traditional moral and sociocultural aspects of child employment in the region, the researcher finds a reasoned explanation of the cause for such a policy of universal child mobilization and tries to define this phenomenon that has not been studied in the scientific literature before. Summarizing the study of the causes of a humanitarian catastrophe in the RSS, the author, in addition to generally accepted factors that influenced the current situation (such as: the intervention of major world financial players in the affairs of a sovereign state, national discord, the struggle for power and resources), also highlights the subjective and not always correct work of the world information agencies and other mass media and, of course, the incompetent state policy of the leadership of the RSS in the Youth Field. Relying on the positive events of the past few months to resolve the conflict in the RSS, the author is still trying to predict in the foreseeable future the time for growth and development of the Republic of South Sudan, with the proviso that it can happen only in case of the inclusion of restraining leverage and expansion of the range of priorities of the main national resource – the youth.

A Partial Negative Flynn Effect Among The South Sudanese :, The Effects Of Different Curricula

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Edward Dutton ◽  
Siham Ali Taha Ali ◽  
Salaheldin Farah Attallah Bakhiet ◽  
Habab Abdlahiy Osman ◽  
Asma Sirageldin Fathelrahman Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Flynn Effect ◽  
South Sudanese

Food-borne Illness Surveillance and Etiology of Diarrhea in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afzalur Rahman ◽  
M Flora ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
M Billah
Keyword(s):  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness

Determination of Dimetridazole and Ipronidazole in Feeds at Cross-Contamination Levels

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane D Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Chromatographic System ◽  
Arsanilic Acid ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Benzene Extract

Abstract A rapid method for the determination of dimetridazole and ipronidazole in feeds is described. The compounds are extracted from a borate buffer (pH 8.65) with benzene, partitioned into IN HC1, and then partitioned back into benzene from a basic aqueous phase. The benzene extract is concentrated and injected onto a nonpolar (Apiezon L) gas chromatographic column for determination by 63Ni electroncapture detection. Recoveries from feeds of various composition, spiked at 0.2 ppm with both dimetridazole and ipronidazole, ranged from 70 to 115%; for the same feeds spiked at 1 ppm or more, the recoveries were greater than 80%. Carbadox, furazolidone, levamisole, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, arsanilic acid, piperazine, penicillin, and commonly added vitamins and minerals do not interfere. A 2-dimensional thin layer chromatographic system is presented as a means of additional identification.

scholarly journals In Silico Characterization of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Campylobacter Isolates Recovered from Food Sources and Sporadic Human Illness

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Bishoy Wadie ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Alshymaa Yousef ◽  
Shaimaa F. Mouftah ◽  
Mohamed Elhadidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Clonal Population Structure ◽  
In Silico Characterization

Campylobacter spp. represents the most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide with the potential to cause serious sequelae. The ability of Campylobacter to survive stressful environmental conditions has been directly linked with food-borne illness. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules play an important role as defense systems against antimicrobial agents and are considered an invaluable strategy harnessed by bacterial pathogens to survive in stressful environments. Although TA modules have been extensively studied in model organisms such as Escherichia coli K12, the TA landscape in Campylobacter remains largely unexplored. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive in silico screen of 111 Campylobacter (90 C.jejuni and 21 C.coli) isolates recovered from different food and clinical sources was performed. We identified 10 type II TA systems belonging to four TA families predicted in Campylobacter genomes. Furthermore, there was a significant association between the clonal population structure and distribution of TA modules; more specifically, most (12/13) of the Campylobacter isolates belonging to ST-21 isolates possess HicB-HicA TA modules. Finally, we observed a high degree of shared synteny among isolates bearing certain TA systems or even coexisting pairs of TA systems. Collectively, these findings provide useful insights about the distribution of TA modules in a heterogeneous pool of Campylobacter isolates from different sources, thus developing a better understanding regarding the mechanisms by which these pathogens survive stressful environmental conditions, which will further aid in the future designing of more targeted antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Farmers Markets and Food‐Borne Illness*

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc F. Bellemare ◽  
Ngoc (Jenny) Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness
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