scholarly journals A Case Study of Selected Volatile Phenols from Brettanomyces and Micronutrients Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn in Chianti Red Wines

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Tamasi ◽  
Natalie F. Owens ◽  
Fabio Cascella ◽  
Marco Cerqua ◽  
Renzo Cini
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Volatile Phenols ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Cu And Zn

Volatile phenols 4-Ethylphenol (EtP) and 4-Ethylguaiacol (EtG), and selected metals Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in Chianti red wines were determined via Head-Space Solid Phase Micro-Extraction pretreatment and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The wine samples were Chianti Classico DOCG (CdB) and Toscana IGT (CF) from seven vintages 2008-2003, 2001. The concentration for EtP was in the range 283-862 (CdB) and 155-643 ug L<sup>-1</sup> (CF), whereas the content of EtG ranged 40-116 (CdB) and 11-104 ug L<sup>-1</sup> (CF). The content for metals ranged 1.42-1.82, 0.93-4.68, &lt;0.10-0.20, and 0.53-1.10 mg L<sup>-1</sup> for Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, respectively. The concentrations for EtP and EtG have high relative values for wines from 2004 and 2007 harvests. Interestingly, Manganese concentration follows a similar trend. Data about the metals and phenols are in agreement with much care at vine/grape and fermentation-aging-refinement procedures.

Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Significant Flux

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.

scholarly journals Removal of Volatile Phenols From Wine Using Crosslinked Cyclodextrin Polymers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Dang ◽  
Vladimir Jiranek ◽  
Dennis K. Taylor ◽  
Kerry L. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Volatile Phenols ◽  
Phenol Adsorption ◽  
Volatile Phenol ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

Volatile phenols have been implicated as contributors to off-odors associated with taints from bushfire smoke and microbial spoilage. Various methods for the amelioration of off-odors have been evaluated, but to date, they have not included cyclodextrin (CD) polymers. In the current study, two CD polymers were prepared from β- and γ-CD, using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a crosslinking agent. Adsorption tests were performed with four volatile phenols (guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol) at concentrations up to 1 mg/L. The removal of volatile phenols by CD polymers achieved equilibrium almost instantly, with isotherm tests suggesting an adsorption capacity of 20.7 µg of volatile phenol per gram of polymer. Langmuir and Freundlich models were subsequently used to fit the data. In batch adsorption tests, the CD polymers achieved 45 to 77% removal of volatile phenols. Polymer reusability was also evaluated and was found to be excellent. A comparison between volatile phenol adsorption by CDs vs. CD polymers, determined using a novel four-phase headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), suggests CD polymers offer several advantages for use by the wine industry.

scholarly journals Madeira Wine Volatile Profile. A Platform to Establish Madeira Wine Aroma Descriptors

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Perestrelo ◽  
Catarina Silva ◽  
José S. Câmara
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Volatile Phenols ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Furanic Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Diffusion

In the present study we aimed to investigate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may potentially be responsible for specific descriptors of Madeira wine providing details about Madeira wine aroma notes at molecular level. Moreover, the wine aroma profile, based on the obtained data, will be a starting point to evaluate the impact of grape variety (Malvasia, Bual, Sercial, Verdelho and Tinta Negra), type (sweet, medium sweet, dry and medium dry), and age (from 3 to 20 years old) on Madeira wine sensorial properties. Firstly, a comprehensive and in-depth Madeira wine volatile profiling was carried out using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS–SPME/GC–qMS). Secondly, a relation among the varietal, fermentative and aging aroma compounds, and their aroma descriptors with the Madeira wine sensorial properties was assessed. A total of 82 VOCs, belonging to different chemical families were identified, namely 21 esters, 13 higher alcohols, ten terpenic compounds, nine fatty acids, seven furanic compounds, seven norisoprenoids, six lactones, four acetals, four volatile phenols and one sulphur compound. From a sensorial point of view, during the aging process the wine lost its freshness and fruitiness odor related to the presence of some varietal and fermentative compounds, whereas other descriptors such as caramel, dried fruits, spicy, toasty and woody, arose during ageing. The Maillard reaction and diffusion from the oak were the most important pathways related with these descriptors. A relationship-based approach was used to explore the impact of grape variety, wine type, and age on Madeira wine sensorial properties based on shared number of VOCs and their odors.

scholarly journals Sealing effectiveness of different types of closures towards volatile phenols and haloanisoles

OENO One ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Paulo Lopes ◽  
Juliana Marques ◽  
Maria Pimenta ◽  
Cátia Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Labeled Compounds ◽  
Volatile Phenols ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Practical Information ◽  
Cork Stoppers

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: To determine if aerial contamination can induce the migration of volatile compounds through wine closures after bottling.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Bottled white wines sealed with cork stoppers (natural and microagglomerate), synthetic closures and screw caps were stored under an environment contaminated with three deuterium-labeled compounds : (d<sub>5</sub>)-2,4,6-trichloroanisole (d<sub>5</sub>-TCA), (d<sub>4</sub>)-4-ethylphenol (d<sub>4</sub>-E4P) and (d<sub>5</sub>)-4-ethylguaiacol (d<sub>5</sub>-E4G). Wines, closure sections (outer, middle and inner) and screw cap liner were assessed over time for the concentration of different compounds by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). The results collected during 30 months of storage showed that large amounts of all compounds were essentially retained in the outer portion of cylindrical closures, both cork and synthetic. However, these compounds were able to penetrate through synthetics and screw caps and contaminate the wine.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Cork stoppers have proven to be an effective barrier to the migration of aerial volatile compounds such as d<sub>5</sub>-TCA, d<sub>4</sub>-E4P and d<sub>5</sub>-E4G, whereas permeable closures such as synthetic and screwcap saranex did allow the migration of those compounds into bottled wines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This study provides practical information about the sealing properties of different closures for a sound decision-making with regard to packaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of post-bottling aerial contamination via migration of volatile compounds through wine closures.</p>

scholarly journals Concentration of selected transition metals in layer hens non-infested and infested with Dermanyssus gallinae

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Spodniewska ◽  
Dariusz Barski ◽  
Rajmund Sokół
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cu And Zn

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of selected transition metals, i.e. iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the livers of laying hens free from and infested with the red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and to explain the effects of the invasion of this parasite on the content of those elements. The study was carried out on 24 Hy-Line Brown hens bred in battery cages. The birds were divided into two groups, free from and infested with D. gallinae. Concentration of analysed metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Based on this experiment, it was proved that a long-term (52 weeks) exposure of hens to D. gallinae resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease of Fe, Cu and Zn in the liver. The mean content of analysed metals in the group infested with the parasite amounted to 31.42 mg Fe/kg, 2.71 mg Cu/kg and 22.64 mg/kg, whereas in the non-infested group it was 38.51 mg Fe/kg, 3.12 mg Cu/kg and 26.53 mg Zn/kg. No significant (P < 0.05) alterations in haematological indicators were found between the examined groups of birds. The results may suggest that 3 weeks of recovery in hens are sufficient to bring about a considerable increase in concentration of analysed transition metals in the liver.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document