scholarly journals The Value of Circle Time as an Intervention Strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Glazzard
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Circle Time ◽  
The Impact

<p>Literature on circle time emphasises benefits such as improved self-esteem, improvements in speaking and listening skills and social skills. However, evidence-based research is more limited and much of the available research is anecdotal. Whilst this paper does not offer a systematic evaluation of the impact of circle time on specific groups of children it does synthesise the key arguments in the literature. This paper concludes that is a need for more systematic research on the effects of circle time; particularly research that takes quantitative measures of gains in self-esteem.</p>

Future research directions in children and hoarding

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Guzick ◽  
Sophie C. Schneider ◽  
Eric A. Storch
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite a rapidly growing understanding of hoarding disorder (HD), there has been relatively limited systematic research into the impact of hoarding on children and adolescents. The goal of this paper is to suggest future research directions, both for children with hoarding behaviours and children living in a cluttered home. Key areas reviewed in this paper include (1) the need for prospective studies of children with hoarding behaviours and those who grow up with a parent with HD; (2) downward extensions of cognitive-behavioural models of adult HD that emphasise different information processing and behavioural biases in youth HD; (3) developmental research into the presentation of emerging HD in childhood compared with adulthood presentations of the disorder, with consideration of typical childhood development and unique motivators for childhood saving behaviours; (4) developmentally sensitive screening and assessment; and (5) the development of evidence-based treatments for this population. The paper concludes with a discussion of methodological suggestions to meet these aims.

scholarly journals The role of evidence-based laboratory medicine in health service

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Majkic-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
External Evidence ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact

Evidence-based laboratory medicine (EBLM) is the use of the current best evidence of the utility of laboratory tests in making decisions about the care of individual patients. This practice means integrating laboratory and clinical experience with the last available external evidence from systematic research. It means that the definition of EBLM focuses on two key elements: experience and evidence from systematic research. Although the term evidence-based medicine (EBM) was created in Canada at Mc Master University by a group lad by Dr Gard Guyatt, there are various claims as to the origin of its practice. Regardless of its origins, many factors have come together over the past 30 years to drive the movement to EBM. One factor is those individual physicians, faced with numerous medical informations; the second factor is the global phenomenon of increasing health care costs and third is that patients who have generally more education, want the best in diagnostics and therapies. It means that evidence-based medicine has been driven by the need to cape with information overload, by costcontrol, and by public impatient for the best in diagnostics and treatment. Clinical guidelines care maps, and outcome measures are quality improvement tools for the appropriateness, efficiency and effectiveness of health services. Laboratory professionals must direct more effort to demonstrating the impact of laboratory tests on a greater variety of clinical outcomes. Evidence-based laboratory medicine aims to advise clinical diagnosis and management of disease through systematic researching and disseminating generalisible new knowledge that meets the standard of critical review on clinically effective practice of laboratory investigations. In laboratory medicine, the use of tests increases; new tests are constantly introduced, but "old" tests are seldom removed from the repertoire. This, together with limited public funds for the health care should underline the challenge for laboratory professionals to provide evidence for the utility of different tests. This practice means integrating laboratory and clinical experience with the best available external evidence from systematic research therefore, it is important that advice given by laboratory medicine professionals are sound and based on evidence in the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of the diagnostic process. This paper provides an insight into the rationale, methodology and the phases of the EBLM.

Exploring the Impact of Sexual Abuse on the Self-Esteem and Social Skills of Children

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Abraham-Cook ◽  
Laura K. Palmer ◽  
Craig Springer ◽  
Justin Misurell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Psychological Adjustment of Children with Asthma: Study of Associated Variables

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia Lima ◽  
Marina Prista Guerra ◽  
Marina Serra de Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Coping Efficacy ◽  
Task Persistence ◽  
Negative Reactivity ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Impact

As part of a larger research project aimed to understand the impact of asthma in the psychological adjustment of children, this study focuses in the identification of factors associated with this process. The sample of this study consisted of 89 children, aged 8 to 12 with physician diagnosed asthma. To assess children's adjustment, the Portuguese versions of the following instruments were used: School-age Temperament Inventory (McClowry, 1995) Schoolagers Coping Strategies Inventory (Ryan-Wenger, 1990); Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory – PedsQL (Varni, Seid & Kurtin, 2001); The Self-perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985), Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach,1991); Social Skills Rating System (Gresham & Elliot, 1990). The results revealed that negative reactivity predicts the level of anxiety/depression, task persistence and perceived coping efficacy predicts social skills and that self-esteem is a significant predictor of the perceived quality of life. A significant proportion of shared variance was also found what seems to confirm the existence of multi-determination in the process of adjustment. The main conclusion is that two dimensions of temperament (negative reactivity and task persistence), as well as perceived coping efficacy and self-esteem, play a significant role in influencing the psychological adjustment of children with asthma.

scholarly journals Habilidades Sociales y acoso escolar: un estudio en centros de Enseñanza Secundaria de Madrid

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Mª Luisa Dueñas Buey ◽  
María Senra Varela
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Global Index ◽  
External Attribution ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

RESUMEN Este artículo es el resultado de un estudio de tipo descriptivo con una muestra de adolescentes de eda‐ des comprendidas entre los 13 y 14 años con la finalidad de analizar el fenómeno del acoso escolar, así como la incidencia de ciertas habilidades sociales relevantes en relación con el mismo. Se analiza el acoso escolar a tres niveles diferenciados: bajo, medio y alto en las 9 escalas que componen el instrumento utilizado. También se analizan: • Los niveles de acoso escolar según el sexo. • Las habilidades sociales en función del sexo y, finalmente,• El acoso escolar en función de las habilidades sociales.ABSTRACT The bullying phenomenon is a critically important subject in educational settings as well as in society. The studies conducted in this line show that people with tendency to aggressive behaviour are charac‐ terized by a distinguishable profile: instability, irritability, external attribution, high levels of anxiety, low self‐esteem and tendency to depression. This paper arises from a descriptive study with a sample of adolescents (age from 13 to 14). It is focused on the analysis of the bullying phenomenon and the impact of specific social skills on it. Nine scales of bullying are analysed: harassment, intimidation, threats, coercions, social boycott, social exclusion, social manipulation and aggressions. Likewise, we calculated a global index of bullying, taking three different levels into account: low, medium and high. Social skills measured by the instrument are subsumed by six dimensions: self‐expression in social interactions, defence of the own rights as a consumer, expression of annoyance or disagreement, saying “no” and interrupting social interactions, asking a favour, initiating opposite-sex peer interactions.Furthermore, we performed analysis concerning the following aspects: Levels of bullying by sex. Social skills by sex, and, finally, bullying according to social skills.

scholarly journals The impact of living on the streets on latency children's friendships

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís A. Rohde ◽  
Maria Helena M. Ferreira ◽  
Andréa Zomer ◽  
Letícia Forster ◽  
Heloisa Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Developmental Appropriateness ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: This is a study to evaluate friendships in latency street boys of Porto Alegre, RGS, Brazil. METHODS: A sample of 30 latency street boys was compared with a sample of 51 latency boys living with their low income families, using the Cornell Interview of Peers and Friends (CIPF). RESULTS: The two groups had a significantly different CIPF global scores, and the boys of the street group had the highest mean score. Also, boys of the street had significantly lower developmental appropriateness, self-esteem and social skills scores than boys living with a family. CONCLUSIONS: The urgent need for intervention street children, especially on boys of the street, is emphasized.

Self-Enhancement, Self-Protection as a Function of Esteem-Related Feedback and Success Contingency

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine McNicoll ◽  
Terri Annamunthodo ◽  
Michael McCarrey ◽  
Fouad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Ego Functions ◽  
Male Experimenter ◽  
Future Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Female Experimenter ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Subjects

This experiment was conducted to assess the impact of esteem-related feedback and success-contingency on the self-protective/self-enhancing aspects of self-handicapping behavior. Following feedback about either contingent or noncontingent success on an intellectual task provided by a male experimenter, 67 male subjects randomly received either ego-enhancing or ego-diminishing feedback on an unrelated task (social skills) provided by a female experimenter. It was hypothesized that the effect of esteem-related feedback on an unrelated task (social skills) provided by the female experimenter would generalize to other ego functions and activate self-protective/self-enhancing processes. It was predicted that those individuals whose self-esteem had been lowered, whether in the conditions of contingent or noncontingent success would self-protect more in that they would be more inclined (1) to attribute their success externally, (2) to self-handicap by choosing the performance-inhibiting drug more often, (3) to show a lower expectancy of future success on retest, and (4) to self-protect by refusing more often to volunteer in a proposed high-risk experiment than those subjects whose self-esteem had been raised via ego-enhancing feedback on the unrelated task. Analysis showed that esteem-related affect did not generalize from the intellectual domain to the social-skills area or from the male to the female experimenter. The findings are discussed in terms of the compartmentalization of affect such that risk-taking reflected self-protection on tasks associated with the female experimenter while the remaining variables associated with the male experimenter showed no such effects.

The Impact of TimeSlips on Undergraduate Students in Service Learning With Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sabine Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Attitudes Toward Older Adults ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Shift ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Journal Entries

Purpose Future speech-language pathologists are often unprepared in their academic training to serve the communicative and cognitive needs of older adults with dementia. While negative attitudes toward older adults are prevalent among undergraduate students, service learning has been shown to positively affect students' attitudes toward older adults. TimeSlips is an evidence-based approach that has been shown to improve health care students' attitudes toward older adults. The purpose of this study is to explore the change in attitudes in speech-language pathology students toward older adults using TimeSlips in service learning. Method Fifty-one students participated in TimeSlips service learning with older adults and completed the Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS) before and after service learning. In addition, students completed a reflection journal. The DAS data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics, and journal entries were analyzed using a qualitative analysis approach. Results The service learners exhibited a significant increase in positive attitude as indexed on the DAS. The reflective journal entries supported the positive change in attitudes. Conclusions A noticeable attitude shift was indexed in reflective journals and on the DAS. TimeSlips is an evidence-based, patient-centered approach well suited to address challenges in the preparation of Communication Sciences and Disorders students to work with the growing population of older adults.

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