scholarly journals The Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Canarium odontophyllum (Dabai) Acetone Leaves Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rohi Ghazali ◽  
Farah Mardhiah Khairuddin ◽  
Tava Shelan Nagapan ◽  
Dayang Fredalina Basri
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mutagenicity Assay ◽  
Control Plate ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Canarium odontophyllum or locally known as Dabai in Sarawak is a fruit largely consumed by the locals. Based on previous studies, the plant possessed various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal and anticancer. Our aim was to investigate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of C. odontophyllum acetone leaves extracts by using the Ames test (Salmonella reverse mutagenicity assay).The Ames test also involved the pre-incubation method against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains in the absence and presence of metabolic activator S9 system. C. odontophyllum crude acetone extracts were diluted with 10% DMSO to obtain three different concentrations of 3.125, 12.5 and 50 mg/ml. To determine the mutagenicity effects of the extracts, each concentration of the extract was evaluated based on the two-fold value of the number of revertant’s colony in negative control plate as the cut-of point. No mutagenic activity was observed for the frameshift mutation (TA98) and base-pair substitution mutation (TA100) in all concentrations of C. odontophyllum in the presence and absence of metabolic activator S9 system. Antimutagenicity test was carried out to determine the potential of C. odontophyllum extracts to inhibit the mutation induced by specific mutagens. The highest antimutagenic activity was seen in the presence of metabolic activator S9 system with inhibition percentage greater than 50% in both bacteria strains TA98 (62.38%) and TA100 (58.24%). In conclusion, C. odontophyllum acetone leaves extract was not mutagenic and had significant inhibitory effects on mutagenicity in both bacterial strains with and without the metabolic activator S9 system. Our results could contribute to the safe use of C. odontophyllum. In addition, based on the significant antimutagenic activity demonstrated by the C. odontophyllum acetone leaves extracts, the extract could also be developed as a chemopreventive agent.

scholarly journals Mutagenic Study of Benzimidazole Derivatives with (+S9) and without (−S9) Metabolic Activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4324
Author(s):  
Nurul Hafizan Azahar ◽  
Siti Soleha Ab dullah ◽  
Rozaini Abdullah ◽  
Norizan Ahmat ◽  
Abdah Md Akim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Ortho Position ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Plasmid Pkm101

Benzimidazole derivatives have a diverse range of biological activities, including antiulcer, antihypertensive, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Despite these activities, previous studies have revealed that some of the derivatives can induce mutations. This study aimed to screen for potential mutagenic activities of novel benzimidazole derivatives 1–4 using the Ames test and to study their structure–activity relationship (SAR). An Ames test was carried out on two strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100) in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. Genetic analysis was performed prior to the Ames test to determine the genotypes of the bacterial tester strains. Both bacterial strains showed dependency on histidine with the presence of rfa mutation, uvrB deletion, and plasmid pKM101. Further, all derivatives tested showed no mutagenic activity in the absence of metabolic activation in both tester strains. However, in the presence of metabolic activation, compound 1 appeared to induce mutation at 2.5 µg/plate when tested against the TA98 strain. These results suggest that the absence of the -OH group at the ortho-position over the phenyl ring might be the cause of increased mutagenic activity in compound 1. Additionally, the presence of mutagenic activity in compound 1 when it was metabolically activated indicates that this compound is a promutagen.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mutagenic Activity of Extracts of Brazilian Propolis in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulations on Mammalian CellsIn VitroandIn Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Marques Senedese ◽  
Aline Rafaela Rodrigues ◽  
Michelle Andrade Furtado ◽  
Viviane Dias Faustino ◽  
Andresa A. Berretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Topical Formulations

Propolis possesses various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and antioxidant properties. A topically applied product based on Brazilian green propolis was developed for the treatment of burns. For such substance to be used more safely in future clinical applications, the present study evaluated the mutagenic potential of topical formulations supplemented with green propolis extract (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6%) based on the analysis of chromosomal aberrations and of micronuclei. In thein vitrostudies, 3-h pulse (G1phase of the cell cycle) and continuous (20 h) treatments were performed. In thein vivoassessment, the animals were injured on the back and then submitted to acute (24 h), subacute (7 days) and subchronic (30 days) treatments consisting of daily dermal applications of gels containing different concentrations of propolis. Similar frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were observed for cultures submitted to 3-h pulse and continuous treatment with gels containing different propolis concentrations and cultures not submitted to any treatment. However, in the continuous treatment cultures treated with the 3.6% propolis gel presented significantly lower mitotic indices than the negative control. No statistically significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei were observed between animals treated with gels containing different concentrations of propolis and the negative control for the three treatment times. Under the present conditions, topical formulations containing different concentrations of green propolis used for the treatment of burns showed no mutagenic effect in either test system, but 3.6% propolis gel was found to be cytotoxic in thein vitrotest.

scholarly journals Antimutagenic activity of raw materials and by-products by production of grape wines

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S55-S59
Author(s):  
J. Totušek ◽  
D. Lefnerová ◽  
M. Kyseláková ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Veverka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
By Products

The inhibition of mutagenicity was assessed by Ames test by bacterial strains <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> TA98 and TA100 using two mutagens and methanolic extracts of healthy fresh berries of blue grapevine varieties – St. Laurent, Portugal, André and white varieties – Chardonnay, Welschriesling, Pinot Gris and berries infected with <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> fungus. As model mutagens, two compounds whose presence in food is real, 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo-(4.5-f-)-quinoline (IQ), arising from certain heat treatments of meat and acting as indirect mutagen after metabolic activation, and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) acting as a direct mutagen, were applied. An increased risk of MNU is due to its possible endogenous formation. Fermentation sediment after vinification of the varieties Chardonnay, Welschriesling and André was tested by similar experimental system. All extracts showed strong positive inhibition of mutagenicity, berries infested with Botrytis cinerea also in diluted extracts. Positive inhibition was demonstrated also by fermentation sludge.

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of resveratrol

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Langová ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
P. Šmerák ◽  
J. Bártová ◽  
I. Bárta
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Evidence exists from population-based and laboratory studies that some phytochemicals have protective effects against tumors or other diseases and reveal antimutagenic activity. We studied the protective effect of the plant phytoallexin resveratrol on the mutagenic activity of three mutagens, i.e. aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]qui-noline (IQ) and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) using the Ames and the micronucleus tests. In the Ames test, we proved a significant antimutagenic activity only against the indirect mutagens AFB<sub>1</sub> and IQ, not against the direct mutagen MNU. A significant decrease of mutagenicity of all three mutagens was detected by the micronucleus test. &nbsp;

scholarly journals An in vitro genotoxicity study of silver amalgam on Ames test

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Hassan ◽  
S.A Omar ◽  
Zaihan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Silver Amalgam ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

Silver amalgam/Silverfil Argentum® is a ‘Malaysian made amalgam’ has already been approved to be free from cytotoxicity, however its genotoxic effect has not been explored yet as biocompatible material. The objective of this study was to identify the genotoxic characteristic of silver amalgam by using Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames test). This was a descriptive experimental study involving one strain of mutated Salmonella. The test material was evaluated in one mutated strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 with and without an external metabolic activation system (S9 Mix). The bacteria were incubated for 48 hours at 37±0.5ºC before the colony growth or revertant colonies were counted. Data obtained were analyzed by using non-statistical method. The investigation of the genotoxic reaction on the test material revealed thatthe number of revertant colonies in both strains with and without S9 Mix were less than twice of the negative control even in the presence of high silver amalgam concentrations (5.0μg/ml). This study demonstratedthat the test material did not exhibit any mutagenic activity under the chosen conditions. Thus, silver amalgam could be considered to have no genotoxicity effect.

scholarly journals Assessment of experimental conditions affecting spontaneous mutation level of Salmonella strains used in the Ames test

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Olga V. Egorova ◽  
Yuliya V. Demidova ◽  
Nataliya A. Ilyushina
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting

Introduction. The bacterial reverse gene mutations test (the Ames test) is widely used to assess chemicals’ mutagenic activity. The spontaneous mutation level of test strains is a mandatory characteristic that has to be monitored in a laboratory performing mutagenicity studies using the Ames test. In this regard, it is important to assess the factors affecting the spontaneous mutation level in the experiment and, therefore, on the general conclusion on the test item mutagenicity. Material and methods. A plate incorporation test version was used both in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system. Results. We summarized the historical control data obtained in the laboratory in 2016-2020, determine the fluctuation limits in the number of revertant colonies for each strain, and identify the factors affecting the negative control variability. No significant differences were found in the spontaneous background of test strains when using DMSO or water as solvents, polypropylene or polystyrene tubes, as well as Petri dishes of different types. In the case of the TA1535, TA102 and TA100 cultures, no influence of the presence of the S9 mixture on the spontaneous reversion range was revealed (p≤0.05). Statistically significant differences in the number of spontaneous revertants (at + S9 or -S9) were found for the strains that allow detecting frameshift mutations, TA97 and TA98. It has been shown that the volume of the selective medium and the brand of gelling agent in its composition are important factors leading to the variability of the historical negative control. Conclusion. To ensure the quality of experiments according to the principles of good laboratory practice and the reliability of the data obtained using the bacterial reverse mutation method, it is necessary to standardize the operations in advance of experiments.

A modified suspension test for estimating the mutagenicity of samples containing free and (or) protein-bound histidine

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Jianling Jin ◽  
Yanfei Cheng ◽  
Huaiqiang Zhang ◽  
Peiji Gao
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Test Medium ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mutagenicity Assay ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Suspension Test

The Ames test has not been very effective in estimating the mutagenicity of histidine-containing samples because external free and (or) protein-bound histidine in these samples would allow the histidine auxotrophs in such test samples to grow more compared with the negative controls that were used as the reference. This could give rise to a false positive.n this study, a modified suspension mutagenicity assay (MS assay) was deveopled. The tester strains were incubated in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth containing different concentrations of traditional Chineses medicines (TCMs) until the declining phase, and the test samples were assayed to be mutagenic or not by observing whether statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the relative reversion frequencies (RRFs) between the negative control groups and the test groups. Collectively, using LB broth as the test medium and comparing the RRFs in the declining phase made this assay less influenced by the presence of histidine in the test samples.The mutagenicity of some TCMs was measured with the MS assay. The results in MS assay were consistent with those in the mammalian bone marrow chromosomal aberration test, which indicated that the MS assay was appropriate to estimate the mutagenicity of samples containing free and (or) protein-bound histidine.

scholarly journals Mutagenic and Cytotoxic Activity of Insecticide Napoleon 4EC in Allium cepa and Ames Test

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Akyıl
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

The objective of this study was to explore the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Napoleon 4EC pesticide used in Turkey to control insect pest by using two standard assays. The Allium cepa test was used for determined the cytotoxic effects of this pesticide. For this test, onion seeds were exposed to Napoleon 4EC (100, 200, and 400 ppm) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. For each test group root tip cells were stained with Feulgen and five slides were prepared for each concentration and counted microscopically. The concentrations Napoleon 4EC was compared with the value for the negative control using Dunnet-t test, 2 sided. The results indicated that mitotic index was clearly decreased with increasing the concentration of Napoleon 4EC in each treatment group as compared to the controls. The percentage of mitotic phases has been markedly impacted. Five different doses of the pesticide (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/plate) were examined with Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 metabolic activation for mutagenic activity. Ames test results showed a dose dependent effect, but not twice the negative control for S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, with or without S9 mix except 800 μg/plate doses. In 800 μg/plate doses, colony numbers are two-fold increase according to colony number of control group. So, this places the this compound as a weak mutagen according to the parameters.

scholarly journals ANTIMUTAGENIC POTENTIAL OF LIV52 BY AMES SALMONELLA/MAMMALIAN: MICROSOME MUTAGENICITY ASSAY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Radhakrishna Manipura ◽  
Hedge Mj
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Mutagenicity Testing ◽  
Mutagenicity Test ◽  
Mutagenicity Assay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Salmonella Assay

ABSTRACTObjective: Liv52, a nontoxic herbal preparation is reported to be clinically active in hepatotoxicity and a wide range of hepatic disorders. This studywas undertaken to evaluate the mutagenic/antimutagenic potential of Liv52 using Salmonella mutagenicity test.Methods: Ames Salmonella/Mammalian - microsome mutagenicity test was used to evaluate the mutagenic or antimutagenic potential of Liv52.Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1537, TA1538, TA100, and TA102 were used for mutagenicity testing. The antimutagenicity study wascarried out in tester strains TA1538 and TA100 against various standard mutagens with and without metabolic activation.Results: Liv52 did not show any mutagenic potential both with and without metabolic activation, whereas in TA1538 and TA 100 tester strains, Liv52showed 48.4% and 47.2% of inhibition of his+ revertants induced by 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, respectively. Further with metabolic activationin TA1538, Liv52 showed 99.8%, 99.8%, and 100% inhibition of his+ revertants induced by 2-aminofluorene, 2-anthranine, and cigarette smokecondensate, respectively. In TA100 maximum of 100%, 100%, 97.7%, and 100% inhibition of his+ revertants induced by 2-aminofluorene, 2-anthranine,benzo(a)pyrene, and cigarette smoke condensate, respectively, were observed. A significant enhancement of inhibition of his+ revertants induced byall the above said mutagens were observed in preincubation modification method.Conclusion: Liv52 was found to be nonmutagenic in Salmonella assay, whereas manifested the antimutagenic potential both with and withoutmetabolic activation. The enhanced antimutagenic activity of Liv52 on preincubation indicates that the antimutagenic factor(s) may be desmutagenicin nature. The exact mechanism by which Liv52 exerts antimutagenic potential is not known. The possibility of having diverse antimutagenic factorsin Liv52 which act by different mechanisms are strongly indicated.Keywords: Liv52 syrup, Salmonella mutagenicity test, Ames test, Desmutagens.

Antiproliferative and Genotoxic Action of an Underexploited Organoteluran Derivative on Sarcoma 180 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L.L. Barreto do Nascimento ◽  
Antonielly Campinho dos Reis ◽  
José V.O. Santos ◽  
Helber A. Negreiros ◽  
Felipe C. Carneiro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nuclear Division Index ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis ◽  
Genotoxicity Tests ◽  
Genotoxic Action

Background: The search for novel metallic chemical compounds with toxicogenic effects have been of great importance for more efficient cancer treatment. Objective: The study evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic activity of organoteluran RF07 in S-180 cell line. Methods: The bioassays used were cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazole)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, evaluation of apoptosis and necrosis using fluorescence and flow cytometry, cytokinesis-block micronucleus test and comet assay. The compound was tested at 1; 2.5 and 5 µM. Results: The results showed the cytotoxicity of RF07 at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µM when compared to the negative control. For genotoxicity tests, RF07 showed effects in all concentrations assessed by increased index and frequencies of damage and mutagenic alterations. The compound was also cytotoxic due to the significant decrease in nuclear division index, with significant values of apoptosis and necrosis. The results of fluorescence and flow cytometry showed apoptosis as the main type of cell death caused by RF07 at 5 µM, which is thought to avoid an aggressive immune response of the organism. Conclusion: In addition to cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, RF07 creates good perspectives for future antitumor formulations.

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