scholarly journals Effects of Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium Ratios in Soil on Their Uptake and Fruit Quality of Pummelo

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hien Huu Nguyen ◽  
Somsak Maneepong ◽  
Potjaman Suraninpong
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Single Application ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Excess Concentration ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Low K ◽  
Extractable Zn

Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) are essential nutrients for pummelo. These nutrients are strongly antagonistic to each other. In case of excess concentration of one element, the uptake of the other elements is inhibited. This study was conducted on 17-year-old pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr.) during production year 2013 to 2015 to examine the effects of K, Ca, and Mg in soil on their uptake and fruit quality. The experiment was performed using six treatments with five replications. (NH4)2SO4, KCl, CaSO4·2H2O, and ZnSO4·7H2O were applied on top of farmer practice for the T1. (NH4)2SO4 was omitted for the T2, KCl was omitted for the T3, CaSO4·2H2O was omitted for the T4, no additional fertilizers were applied for the T5 (farmer practice), (NH4)2SO4 and CaSO4·2H2O were omitted for the T6, but 5Ca(NO3)2·NH4NO3·10H2O were applied instead. The soil pH was neutral and salinity was slight. Exchangeable K, Ca and Mg were higher than their optimum ranges. The extractable Zn in the soil and Zn in the leaves were lower than their optimum ranges. However, the problem can be solved by a single application 250 g tree-1 of ZnSO4·7H2O. Pummelo cannot uptake K to a sufficient level, even though it is abundant in the soil. High exchangeable Na and low K/Mg mole ratio in soil inhibited K uptake. Concentration of Ca in leaves corresponded to Ca and Ca/Mg mole ratio in the soil. Concentrations of Mg and K in leaves negatively correlated with each other. High Mg and Na in the soil inhibited the uptake of K and Ca, thereby causing extravagant consumptions of Mg. The fruit qualities were better in the treatment which mole ratios of K/Ca, K/Mg and Ca/Mg were 0.24 to 0.44, 0.31 to 0.44 and 0.89 to 1.29, respectively. Juice ratio of the pummelo positively correlated with the edible portion and negatively correlated with peel thickness.

Ammonium thiosulfate and 6-benzyladenine improve the crop load and fruit quality of 'Delicious' apples

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Bound ◽  
S. J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Ammonium Thiosulfate

Four trials were conducted over 3 years to assess the effect of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) as a blossom thinner of ‘Delicious’ apple trees. In addition to determining the optimal concentration of ATS and the effectiveness of multiple applications, the effect on fruit quality was assessed. A program using ATS at bloom and 6-benzyladenine (BA) applied postbloom was examined. Multiple applications of ATS reduced crop load more than a single application. A concentration of 1.0% (v/v, 5800 mg/L) applied twice during the flowering period is recommended, with the first application at 20% bloom and the second at 80% bloom. Fruit firmness and sugar content were increased by ATS, and a positive relationship between fruit weight and sugar content and between fruit weight and firmness was demonstrated. ATS can also be effectively combined in a program with BA with the added benefits of increases in fruit size, firmness and sugar content; however, caution is advised to prevent over-thinning.

scholarly journals 576 Effects of NAA-800 and Retain on Fruit Retention and Quality of `Rome Beauty' and `Delicious' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 495D-495
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Duane W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Major Improvement ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Degradation Pattern

Effects of various combinations of NAA-800 and Retain on fruit retention, yield, and harvest and post-storage fruit quality of `Rome Beauty' and `Delicious' apples were studied over one to three seasons. Retain and NAA-800 often reduced preharvest fruit drop as compared to control. Fruit from trees that received Retain at 123.6 g a.i./ha, or 61.8 g a.i./ha plus NAA-800 showed lower starch degradation pattern (SDP) at harvest and higher firmness. Retain treated fruit had lower evolved ethylene and respiration. Application of Retain at 61.8 g a.i./ha plus NAA-800 delayed fruit maturity, and the effects on fruit quality at harvest was comparable to the effects of this chemical at 123.6 g. a.i./ha. However, after storage, fruits from trees receiving Retain at 123.6 g a.i./ha often were firmer. Split applications of NAA-800 did not show major improvement in delaying fruit maturity over a single application. Application of NAA-800 at 585 mL/ha tended to reduce fruit firmness and increase fruit SDP. These fruits some times tended to have better color. Results on fruit color varied from year to year.

scholarly journals Foliar and Soil Zn Applications Increase Yield of Grapefruit Trees

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 773E-773
Author(s):  
Dariusz Swietlik
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Tree Foliage ◽  
Similar Yield

The effects of soil and foliar Zn applications on growth, yield, and fruit quality of `Rio Red' grapefruit were studied in the field for 4 years. Two annual foliar sprays applied in winter (W), spring (S), or W+S were compared to a single application of 10 or 30 g of Zn/tree applied to the soil around the tree as ZnDTPA or ZnEDTA chelate. In the first 2 years, when control trees displayed severe Zn deficiency symptoms affecting 60% to 70% of the tree foliage, the W and W+S sprays resulted in significant yield increases. Similar yield increases were obtained after a single soil application of 30 g Zn as ZnEDTA. The effects of other soil treatments were statistically insignificant. Foliar Zn deficiency symptoms were much more severe in winter than summer months irrespective of treatment. As the trees aged, however, the severity of symptoms decreased in all treatments. Corrective foliar or soil Zn applications were found to increase grapefruit yield when 15% or more of the canopy foliage showed Zn deficiency symptoms in January, ≈2 months before anthesis.

Effect of potassium fertilizer on the yield, quality and potassium offtake of sugar beet crops grown on soils of different potassium status

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. J. MILFORD ◽  
M. J. ARMSTRONG ◽  
P. J. JARVIS ◽  
B. J. HOUGHTON ◽  
D. M. BELLETT-TRAVERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Total N ◽  
K Index ◽  
High K ◽  
Low K

The effect of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugar beet was studied in a series of 26 trials on soils of different type and K index between 1992 and 1997. There were few yield responses even though the majority of trials were on soils of low K index, and large quantities of fertilizer were applied (0–600 kg K/ha). Potassium offtakes (kg/ha) in the harvested beet increased asymptotically, not linearly, with yield and were much larger for a given yield on high K index soils than on low index soils. Commercially acceptable concentrations of beet K for processing are in the range 700 to 1000 mg K/100 g sugar. Concentrations in excess of this decrease the amount of sugar crystallized from the extracted juice. They were not greatly affected by large applications of fertilizer K but were strongly influenced by long-established differences in soil exchangeable K (Kex) due to soil type, previous cropping or manuring history.The asymptotic nature of the K offtake[ratio ]yield relationship was confirmed by factory tarehouse measurements relating to the national sugar beet crop delivered during the 1993–97 UK processing campaigns. Potassium offtakes generally increased linearly with yield up to 60–70 adjusted t of clean beet/ha, but increased little beyond that. The amount of K removed by a 60–70 t/ha crop of beet varied from 70 kg K/ha on low K index sandy loams to 120 kg K/ha on clay soils of K index 3 and above. Further increases in yield decreased the amount of K in fresh beet from 1·7 to 1·4 kg K/t on low K index soils, and from 3·6 to 2·5 kg K/t on high K index soils.An analysis of data from individual fields of commercially grown sugar beet showed that much of the site and season variation in the K content of beet was due to differences in K uptake driven by Kex, and to differential effects of nitrogen (N) supply on K uptake and sugar yield. Regressions on Kex and total crop N (kg/ha) accounted for c. 30 and 50% of the variance in beet K content, respectively, and the two together for over 60%. Total N uptake by the crops ranged from 100 to 550 kg N/ha. The total K content of the crop and the amounts of K in the beet (kg/ha) both increased linearly with crop N over the whole of this range, whereas sugar yield increased asymptotically with total uptakes of N up to 250–300 kg N/ha. Consequently, low yielding crops grown on soils in which N and K were freely available produced beet of poor K quality. However, the asymptotic relationship between beet K (kg/ha) and yield implies that, in many situations, the processing quality of the beet could be improved by increasing yield through better agronomy.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake and Fruit Quality of Pummelo as Influenced by Ammonium, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc Application

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Hien Huu Nguyen ◽  
Somsak Maneepong ◽  
Potjamarn Suranilpong
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
High K ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

<p>Pummelo-growing soils in southern Thailand are usually low concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc; therefore, the roles of these elements are essential and their effects on nutrient uptake and fruit quality that should be considered in this area in current and future pummelo orchard. The study was carried out during 2013 to 2014 production year on a 17 year pummelo (<em>Citrus maxima</em> Merr.). The objective of the study was to examine the effects of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub>), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) fertilization over the farmer practice on nutrient uptake and fruit quality. The experiment comprised of 5 treatments; apply all, not apply NH<sub>4</sub>, not apply K, not apply Mg and farmer practice. Application of fertilizer increased N, Ca and Mg concentrations in the leaves, but K and Zn concentrations in leaves decreased after application. However, their concentrations were in optimum ranges. High K/Ca, K/Mg mole ratios and low exchangeable Mg in soil positively affected on K uptake. Low Ca/Mg mole ratio and low exchangeable Ca in soil negatively affected on Ca uptake. The TSS and TSS/TA tended to decline when the treatments were not applied K-fertilizer. The fruit qualities were greater in the treatments with K/Ca, K/Mg and Ca/Mg mole ratios in soil were 0.23 to 0.27, 0.63 to 0.71 and 2.35 to 3.08, respectively. This study showed that K and Zn still required for pummelo growing in this soil.</p>

scholarly journals Improving Fruit Quality of Apricot by Means of Preharvest Benzyladenine and Benzyladenine Plus Gibberellin Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-427
Author(s):  
Fatih Ali Canli ◽  
Murat Sahin ◽  
Nurettin Temurtas ◽  
Mustafa Pektas
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Solids Content

Applications that could improve apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruit size and quality would enhance their marketability. In this study, the effects of preharvest benzyladenine (BA) and BA plus gibberellin (GA) applications on fruit quality of ‘Alyanak’ apricot were investigated. BA (50, 100, and 150 ppm) and BA + GA4+7 (12.5, 25, and 50 ppm) were applied at the beginning of pit hardening stage. When fruit reached their maturity, samples were harvested and evaluated in terms of: weight, size, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, and pH. Fruit treated with BA were significantly heavier and larger than fruit not treated, and there were significant differences in fruit size within the BA-treated fruit. The heaviest and the largest fruit were obtained from 100 to 150 ppm BA concentrations. BA + GA4+7 treatments did not affect fruit size. Application of 100 ppm BA and 25 ppm BA + GA4+7 increased fruit firmness at harvest. SSC, pH, and acidity were unaffected by the applications. The results obtained in this study showed a practical benefit of a single application of BA at the end of pit hardening for improving apricot quality. Fruit treated with the optimum dose of BA (100 ppm) were larger and firmer than untreated fruit.

Culture and fruit quality of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceumL.) in the Soconusco region, Chiapas, Mexico

Fruits ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Johanna Maria Vanderlinden ◽  
H. Alfred Juergen Pohlan ◽  
Marc J.J. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality
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