scholarly journals Shade’s Benefit: Coffee Production under Shade and Full Sun

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir Alves ◽  
Fernando F. Goulart ◽  
Tamiel Khan B. Jacobson ◽  
Reinaldo J. de Miranda Filho ◽  
Clarilton Edzard D. Cardoso Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Tropical Landscapes ◽  
Coffee Agroecosystems ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Lower Production

<p>Coffee has major importance in tropical landscapes from agronomic, economic and ecological perspectives. Yet the conversion of shade-coffee into full sun monocultures has deep effect on the potential of those systems to conserve biodiversity and ecosystems services (such as pest control and pollination). Despite of this, effect of shade on production has not been sufficiently addressed, particularly in Brazil, the world major coffee producer. This study compared the performance of shaded coffee and full sun management in terms of productivity and production costs. The survey was conducted in Municipality of Mirante da Serra, in the Brazilian Amazon and eight coffee agroecosystems, four under shade and four under full sun were investigated. The results indicate that shaded systems have lower production costs requiring less working hours than sun plantations. The average production cost of shaded agroecosystems was 49.63%, while in systems under full sun, this value was 82.2%. Shaded and full sun productivity did not differ significantly, with higher variance in the former, showing that shaded systems are more heterogeneous. Shaded coffee agroecosystems presented an economically and environmentally viable alternative. The lower production cost enhances economic viability of these ecosystems in Amazon as well as in the rest of the tropics. Such efficiency may have influenced the persistence of these managements, despite the worldwide agriculture intensification tendency.</p>

scholarly journals Analisis Perhitungan Dan Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Pada PT. Mutifa Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
John Fisher Gulo ◽  
Kamil Mustafa ◽  
Ninny Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

<p>The cost of production is needed to determine the cost of production of a product. Costs incurred to produce the product must be clear, so that the determination of the cost of production would be appropriate. Imprecision in calculating the cost of production will be misleading in making management decisions. Data collection methods used in this study include: Documentation, Interview, Observation. This study analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis comparing the theory with actual results of the company. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production using the full costing method. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production, all costs incurred are treated as production costs, both the cost of major raw materials, cost of auxiliary materials, packaging materials costs and production overhead. Classification of production costs in accordance with the theory that exists is composed of material costs, labor costs and production overhead costs. Total production cost per month of each element calculation the average monthly cost is Rp. 73.111.118,260,- and the average number of finished products Paracetamol tablet 500 mg tablet is as much 566,666.67 per month. Based on data on average production costs in 2009, then the production cost per tablet is .Rp. 129,019.</p>

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL TOMATO FOR FRESH CONSUMPTION: A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ALTERNATIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Daianna Pereira Costa ◽  
Juliana Nascimento Da Silva ◽  
Donielsin Da Silva Assunção ◽  
Fritz Mohn Penteado ◽  
Abadia Dos Reis Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

The cultivation of hybrid tomatoes, intended for fresh consumption, with a determined growth habit, and without support, is an alternative that has a lower production cost. The research aimed to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of different tomato genotypes, with a determinate and indeterminate growth habit. The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks. Ten hybrids and a variety were grown in 2016, and nine hybrids, and a variety in 2018, with a spacing of 0.5 meters between plants. Harvests were carried out in four periods in 2016, at 72, 82, 97, and 105 days after transplanting (DAT); and in 2018 at 81, 87, 97, and 111 DAT. After harvesting, the gross value of production and profit were quantified. The hybrids that obtained the highest production per plant in 2016 were Gabrielle (6,010 kg), with support; Thaise (5.529 kg); and N901 (5.003 kg). In 2018, Dominador and Thaise hybrids had the highest production, with 4.109 and 3.961 kg per plant, respectively. The gross value of tomato production in 2016 was higher than in 2018 for all hybrids and variety, except for Dominador hybrid. Hybrids with a determined growth habit and conducted without support are a profitable alternative to produce tomatoes intended for fresh consumption, especially the hybrid Gabrielle, which had the highest production. The economic viability of hybrids grown without support is superior to all hybrids with support.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHATANI STROBERI (Fragaria x ananassa) (Studi Kasus : Desa Dolat Rakyat Kecamatan Dolat Rakyat Kabupaten Karo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Asmina Herawaty Sinaga ◽  
Firman Laia
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Average Production

The purpose of this study is (1) to analyze the amount of strawberry ushatani income, starting from production, selling price, revenue to net income, (2) analyzing the level of optimization of the use of inputs on strawberry farming, (3) knowing the feasibility of strawberry ushatani, is it worth the effort or not. The amount of income of a sample farmer is influenced by age, farming experience and the number of production factors used. The everage strawberry production in the study area is 1,077,915 kg with an average land area of 0,23 H. The income and income of sample farmers also have an importent effect on the selling price of production, where the everage selling price of farmers in the study area is quite large, namely Rp25,000 / kg. The everage acceptance of sample farmers in the study area is Rp26,947,875 with an average production cost of Rp21,292,126 so that it receives an average net income of Rp5,655,749/year. And this very low when compared to UMK Karo of Rp2,619,234.41. Strawberry farmers in the study area mostly have a fairly low aducation of 9 years, therefore farmers have minimal knowledge in cultivation and marketing techniques and also the lack of farmers in terns of farm management that does not take into account the supporting factors of farming and use more than one (1), sucs as pesatisida with the same function so that it will increase production costs, as well as low access to farmers’s capabilites in government and banking policies.  Keywords : Optomization, Strawberry.

ANALISIS KOMPARASI TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PETANI KARET GAPOKTAN BERKAH BASAMO DAN NON GAPOKTANDALAM MEMASRKAN BOKARDI KECAMATAN GUNUNG TOAR KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desvo Saputra ◽  
Meli Sasmi
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The People ◽  
Average Production

Penelitian ini bertujan untuk mengetahui besarnya penerimaan, pendapatan dan efisiensi petani karet Gapoktan Berkah Basamo dan Non Gapoktan di Kecamatan Gunung Toar Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi.Penentuan tempat penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) di Kecamatan Gunung Toar Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, karena mata pencarian masyarakat di Kecamatan Gunung Toar Pada umumnya merupakan petani karet.Secara ekonomis lokasinya berdekatan dengan tempat tinggal penulis dan sarana transportasi lancar.Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara, observasi dan pencatatan. Rata-rata biaya produksi pada petani karet Gapoktan Berkah Basamo di Desa Lubuk Terentang sebesar Rp.84,671,- /proses produksi dan rata-rata biaya produksi pada petani karet Non Kelompok di Desa Lubuk Terentang sebesar Rp. 84,928,- /proses produksi.. Sedangkan penerimaan pada petani karet Gapoktan Berkah Basamo sebesar Rp. 833,793,-/proses produksi dan rata-rata penerimaan pada petani karet Non KelompoksebesarRp.619,545,-/proses produksi. Sehingga didapat rata-rata pendapatan bersih pada petani karet Gapoktan Berkah Basamo sebesar Rp.749,122,-/proses produksi dan rata-rata pendapatan bersih pada petani karet Non Kelompok sebesar Rp.534,617,-/proses produksi. Petani karet di Desa Lubuk Terentang efisien karena menurut kriteria RCR >1 dengan nilai efisien pada Gapoktan Berkah Basamo adalah 9.83 dan efisiensi pada Non Kelompok adalah 7.26, dan dilakukan uji beda pada biaya produksi, pendapatan dan efisiensi secara statistic tidak berbeda nyata. Kata kunci : Pendapatan; Pemasaran Bokar; Gapoktan dan Non Gapoktan ABSTRAK             This study aims to determine the amount of revenue, income and efficiency of Gapoktan Berkah Basamo and Non Gapoktan rubber farmers in Gunung Toar District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. Determination of the place of research carried out intentionally (purposive) in the District of Gunung Toar, Kuantan Singingi Regency, because the livelihoods of the people in Gunung Toar District are generally rubber farmers. Economically the location is close to the author's residence and means of transportation smoothly. The analytical method used is the method of interview, observation and recording. The average production cost for Gapoktan Berkah Basamo rubber farmers in Lubuk Terentang Village is Rp. 84,671 / production process and the average production cost for Non-group rubber farmers in Lubuk Terentang Village is Rp. 84,928.- / production process .. While the acceptance to Gapoktan Berkah Basamo rubber farmers is Rp. 833,793, - / production process and average acceptance of non-group rubber farmers as much as Rp. 619,545, - / production process. So that the average net income obtained by Gapoktan Berkah Basamo rubber farmers is Rp. 749,122 / production process and the average net income for non-group rubber farmers is Rp. 534,617, - / production process. Rubber farmers in Lubuk Terentang Village are efficient because according to RCR criteria> 1 the efficient value in the Basamo Gapoktan Berkah is 9.83 and the efficiency in Non-Groups is 7.26, and different tests on production costs, income and efficiency are not statistically significantly different. Keywords: Income; Bokar Marketing; Gapoktan and Non Gapoktan

scholarly journals Economic nitrogen rate for fertigation of green corn crop in the Brazilian semiarid

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ênio Gomes Flôr Souza ◽  
Ellen Abreu da Cruz ◽  
Rafaela Felix da França ◽  
José Madson da Silva ◽  
Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Lower Production

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the nitrogen rate for fertigation associated with the maximum productivity of green corn (Zea mays) with a lower production cost, in two harvest seasons in the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha-1) in form of urea, applied via drip irrigation. The used cultivar was the Bt Feroz hybrid. The evaluated characteristics were: number and mass of marketable ears, gross income, net income, and rate of return. The greatest amounts of marketable ears were reached with 152.52 kg ha-1 N in summer (41,183.84 ears per hectare) and 190.31 kg ha-1 N in winter (53,291.25 ears per hectare). In the two harvests, there was a variation in production costs between R$ 2,422.12 ha-1 and R$ 3,320.95 ha-1 without N and with 240 kg ha-1 N, respectively. The winter harvest showed higher productivity and profitability of green ears with fertigation with 160 kg ha-1 N. In the Brazilian semiarid, the maximum productivity of green corn with the lowest production cost is reached with fertigation with 90 kg ha-1 N, in both harvests.

scholarly journals Analisis Tingkat Pendapatan Nelayan Dan Lembaga Pemasaran Perikanan Tangkap Di Kabupaten Fakfak Provinsi Papua Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Ardha Puspita Sari ◽  
Ludia T. Wambrauw ◽  
Marcus R. Maspaitella
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Papua Barat ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
The City

fisheries in Fakfak Regency. This study used a survey method with direct interview techniques for respondents consisting of fishermen, collectors, retailers, wholesalers and processed fisheries traders. The results showed that, the largest income average of capture fisheries marketing institutions in Fakfak district was at large merchant institutions with a level of income of Rp. This is because large traders sell fish in very large quantities with the aim of selling outside the city of Fakfak. A very large cost is proportional to the income received by large traders. However, the lowest income is obtained by retail traders. Fishermen who have higher income from retailers and collectors are also associated with production costs that are not too large when compared to the purchase costs incurred by traders. The average production cost incurred by fishermen is Rp 2,392,272 which consists of fuel costs, storage costs and consumption costs.

Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

PROFITABILITAS USAHA PETERNAKAN AYAM BROILER DENGAN TIPE KANDANG YANG BERBEDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Mukminah ◽  
Rita Purwasih
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Different Types

This study aims to determine and compare the profitability of different types of broiler chicken farms (open and cloused houses) in Subang Regency. This study involved 9 farmers consisting of 5 farmers with closed house and 4 farmers with open house who partnered with PT. Surya Unggas Mandiri (PT. SUM). Production costs taken are 2 production periods from May-August 2018. Data are analyzed using economic analysis and descriptive methods. The results showed that the production cost per period per 1000 birds closed house was higher (Rp. 27.656.768,-) compared to open house (Rp. 24.975.671,-). The revenue per period per 1000 birds of closed house is higher (Rp. 30.606.931,-) compared to open house (Rp. 25.788.618,-). The profit of farmers who use closed house is higher (Rp. 2.621/period/bird) than open house (Rp.417,-). The profitability in close house s is 9.48% and is very feasible to develop

Socio-Economic Analysis of the Proposal to Switch to a Four-Day Working Week in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
R. A. Lugovskoy ◽  
E. V. Mikhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Russian Federation

The presented study analyzes the proposal of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev to switch to a four-day working week. In the context of the topic, the experience of dealing with this issue is examined, including international practices. A similar proposal was discussed by I.V. Stalin as far back as Soviet times, although in the context of switching to five- or six-hour working days, but only in 2019 did this issue become the subject of debate. In light of the pension reform, which has led to an increase in the retirement age in Russia, a number of experts believe that such proposals may entail potential changes that could have a negative effect on the situation of workers. This study examines the mechanisms of public administration in coordination with enterprises relating to changes in the working hours.Aim. The authors aim to analyze potential directions for the improvement of public administration in the field of labor legislation, which has a significant impact on the development of the economy, business, and the situation of workers.Tasks. This study determines the historical background of Russia’s switch to a four-day working week; examines the legal mechanisms and specific features of labor legislation in Russia in the context of the planned switch to a four-day working week; explores international practices in the field of regulation of working hours; analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of switching to a four-day working week in Russia; develops proposals associated with Russia’s switch to a four-day working week.Methods. The methodological basis for the consideration of the problems includes general scientific methods, systems, structural, functional, and institutional analysis.Results. The ongoing processes in the field of improvement of labor legislation and its impact on the economy, business, and the situation of workers are comprehensively analyzed. The historical background of Russia’s switch to a four-day working week is determined; fundamentals of Russian labor legislation are examined; benefits and drawbacks of the potential innovations in the field of regulation of working hours are identified with allowance for international practices. The authors formulate proposals, the implementation of which will bring Russia closer to the switch to a four-day working week.Conclusions. The proposals of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation to switch to a four-day working week has raised a lot of questions. For instance, it is unclear whether the current wages will be maintained. It is also questionable whether it is a step towards artificially reducing unemployment, in which fields this idea is likely to manifest itself first, and so on. These questions need to be thoroughly discussed by the representatives of the Government of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, trade unions, and the scientific community. It is necessary to conduct a sociological survey to determine and prevent concerns among citizens about the upcoming changes. That said, the authors believe that the idea itself is conceptually correct, but it still valid to doubt whether it can be successfully implemented at the time of capitalism, when entrepreneurs focus on profit and are not interested in reducing the working time of their employees. According to the authors, the plans of I.V. Stalin to reduce working time could faster come into fruition with the socialist economic model, which facilitated innovations in the machine tool industry that would boost GDP growth and significantly reduce production costs. Assessing the prospects of development of this idea at the present stage is difficult.

MINIMALISASI BIAYA SIMPAN DAN BIAYA SETUP PADA MULTIPLE PRODUK: SIMULASI DENGAN CAPACITATED LOT SIZING PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Erika Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
Lot Sizing Problem ◽  
Capacitated Lot Sizing

Lot sizing problem in production planning aims to optimize production costs (processing, setup and holding cost) by fulfilling demand and resources capacity costraint. The Capacitated Lot sizing Problem (CLSP) model aims to balance the setup costs and inventory costs to obtain optimal total costs. The object of this study was a plastic component manufacturing company. This study use CLSP model, considering process costs, holding costs and setup costs, by calculating product cycle and setup time. The constraint of this model is the production time capacity and the storage capacity of the finished product. CLSP can reduce the total production cost by 4.05% and can reduce setup time by 46.75%.  Keyword: Lot size, CLSP, Total production cost.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document