scholarly journals Protein Quality of Rations for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Containing Oilseed Meals

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
James G. Kirimi ◽  
Levi M. Musalia ◽  
Adiel Magana ◽  
Jonathan M. Munguti
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sunflower Meal

Considering price as the main limiting factor in the use of animal proteins, this study evaluated the protein quality of diets for Nile tilapia containing oilseed meals as replacements of fishmeal. A control diet (FMBD) (30% crude protein and 2900 Kcal DE/kg) was formulated using fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) and sunflower meal (SFM). The test diets SBBD, CMBD and SFBD were formulated by replacing 10% CP of FM by SBM, CM and SFM, respectively. The amino acid profile was determined by MPA FT-NIR spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). Fishmeal recorded higher levels (p < 0.05) of lysine (7.81 mg/100 g), methionine (2.89 mg/100 g), arginine (5.87 mg/100 g), threonine (4.28 mg/100 g) and isoleucine (4.55 mg/100 g). The chemical score for all essential amino acid in fishmeal were higher than 100. Sunflower meal was a superior (p < 0.05) protein source with an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 1.14 compared to CM (0.80) and SBM (0.70). Substituting FM with SBM, CM or SFM, reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of all amino acids apart from methionine which was increased (p < 0.05) in the diet with SBM substitute. In all diets, methionine and isoleucine were the first and second limiting amino acids, respectively. Though the diet containing FM exhibited higher (p < 0.05) EAAI (0.97), it was not satisfactory because it was limiting in methionine. The EAAI reduced (p < 0.05) with replacement of fishmeal by SBM (0.78), CM (0.77) and SFM (0.76). The study showed that the control diet had good quality protein and substitution with SBM, CM and SFM gave useful protein diets.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the protein quality of some macedonian edible Boletaceae mushrooms

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Biljana Bauer Petrovska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Biological Value

The nutritional quality of mushroom protein varies and is strongly affected by the relative proportion of each amino acid. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the concentration of the amino acids present in mushroom proteins in order to evaluate the protein nutritional value. In this investigation fifteen field-collected mushroom samples of the Boletaceae family from various parts of Macedonia were included. After acid hydrolysis and pre-column derivatisation with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) determination of seventeen amino acids was carried out by the HPLC method. Tryptophan was determined spectophotometrically in the alkaline hydrolysates. The dietary protein quality of the investigated mushrooms was evaluated by comparison of the essential amino acid content with the reference FAO/WHO pattern. Essential amino acids made up 47-75 % of all determined amino acids depending on the origin and the species of the fruit body. Lysine was the most often found limiting amino acid in the investigated mushrooms samples. The nutritional value of proteins calculated by biological value, protein ratio, chemical score and essential amino acid index was very high in the majority of mushrooms studied. The biological value of the mushroom protein varied from 51.3 to 78.9 %. Protein amino acids accounted for about 66.7 % of the total nitrogen, suggesting that a practical nitrogen to protein conversion factor for this Macedonian edible Boletaceae mushroom may be considered to be about 4.17 on average.

scholarly journals Species Variations in the Proximate Composition, Amino Acid Profile, and Protein Quality of the Muscle Tissue of Grass Carp, Bighead Carp, Siberian Sturgeon, and Wels Catfish

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pyz-Łukasik ◽  
Waldemar Paszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Energy Value

This study determined the proximate composition, energy value, amino acid profile, and protein quality of the muscle tissue of four food fish species. The fish analyzed contained 78.90–69.89% water, 18.25–15.69% protein, and 2.28–12.57% fat. The energy value of the muscle tissue ranged from 93.50 to 175.83 kcal/100 g. The contents of amino acids in 100 g of protein were 47.64–45.86 g for total essential amino acids (TEAA), 52.36–54.14 g for total neutral amino acids (TNAA), 3.14–2.25 g for total sulphur amino acids (TSAA), and 7.23–7.81 g for total aromatic amino acids (TArAA). The essential amino acid (EAA) composition of the fish was compared with the standard protein, and Chemical Score (CS), Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS), and Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI) were calculated. The quality of the muscle tissue proteins of all four fish species was high. These fish can constitute a healthy addition to the human diet.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME ON THE QUALITY OF SMOKED HETEROCLARIAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Ahmed Ayeloja ◽  
W. A. Jimoh ◽  
T. O. Uthman ◽  
M. O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Duration Of Storage

Effect of storage time on the quality of smoked heteroclarias was studied. 108 samples of heteroclarias (average weight 210 + 15g) was used. Analysis carried out include: proximate, mineral composition (Ca, Na, Fe and Mg), biochemical, amino acid and sensory evaluation. Data obtained was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the sensory data was subjected to nonparametric test (Kruskal Wallis test). Smoked heteroclarias have good nutritional quality in terms of proximate, mineral and amino acids all of which decrease with increase in duration of storage at ambient temperatures. Glutamic acid  was the most predominant amino acid and the highest non-essential amino acid (NEEA), lysine was the most predominant EAA. There was higher concentration of non-essential amino acids than essential amino acids, EAA/NEAA ratio (0.86 – 0.93) recorded indicates that the fish have excellent protein quality; its the predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) ranged between 3.44-3.61 and its biological value ranged between 79.84 -75.04. Its chemical score and TEAA decrease with increase in storage time. Its texture quality reduced significantly (χ2 = 12.207, p<0.01) with increased storage period. It is therefore recommended that smoked heteroclarias be consumed as soon as it is smoked and regularly for good healthy conditions especially among children, aged and other vulnerable groups.

The effect of dietary protein source and protected methionine (Lactet) on wool growth and microbial protein synthesis in Merino wethers

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. White ◽  
P. Young ◽  
N. Phillips ◽  
M. Rodehutscord
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

With increasing awareness of the importance of controlling tender wool, there is a need to describe supplementary feeds in terms of their effects on wool growth. Since wool growth is largely a function of the quantity and quality of absorbed protein, the aim of this experiment was to compare the protein quality of different diets in relation to their ability to promote wool growth. An additional aim was to compare observed responses with those predicted using feeding models based on metabolisable protein. Sixty-four Merino weaner wethers were allocated to 8 treatment groups in a factorial design consisting of 4 diets each at 2 levels of protected methionine. The 4 roughage-based diets consisted of different protein sources: Rumentek®-protected canola meal (at 33% of the diet), oats plus urea (oats at 46% and urea at 2.6%), Lupinus angustifolius (at 36%), and L. albus (at 36%). The 2 levels of protected methionine were 0 or 3 g/day as Lactet. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic and were fed at 1.5 × maintenance metabolisable energy. The experiment lasted 13 weeks, which included a 3-week balance collection period in which faeces and urine were collected. Wool growth in sheep fed the protected canola meal diet was 37% greater than in sheep fed oats (1.37 v. 1.0 mg/cm2 per day), and 73% greater than in sheep fed L. angustifolius (P < 0.001). Wool growth from the oat diet was 26% greater than from the L. angustifolius diet (P < 0.05). There was no effect of diet on rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations. Lactet increased wool growth by 18% across all diets (P < 0.001), representing an additional 0.17 mg/cm2 per day or 1.7 g/head per day. There were no significant differences in liveweight gain between the diets unless Lactet was added. When Lactet was added, lupins produced a significantly higher liveweight gain than oats or protected canola meal. Lactet increased mean liveweight gain by 22% across all diets (P < 0.05). Lactet also increased the concentration of plasma albumin, decreased plasma α-amino nitrogen, and increased urinary excretion of creatinine and purine derivatives (P < 0.05). The findings highlight the need to evaluate feed sources in terms of protein degradability and sulfur amino acid composition, particularly when assessing effects on wool growth. The inability of current feeding models to incorporate differences in amino acid flows, particularly sulfur amino acids, is an impediment to evaluating supplement quality in terms of wool growth.

scholarly journals Use of Amino Acid Profiles of Pretermand Term Human Milks in Evaluating Scoring Patterns for Routine Protein Quality Assessment of Infant Formulas

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Pauline Darling ◽  
Mariko Ujiie ◽  
Herbert G Botting ◽  
Paul B Pencharz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Reports on the amino acid composition of human milk vary considerably with respect to concentrations of sulfur amino acids. Often, analyses forego tryptophan determination. A complete analysis of protein and amino acid concentrations was performed on human milk samples (5-10 days postpartum) collected from mothers of preterm (gestations of 25-32 weeks) and term (gestations of &gt;36 weeks) infants. Careful attention was given to quantitate amino acids such as cysteine and tryptophan, which are vulnerable to acidic hydrolysis conditions. Differences in concentrations of total amino acids (expressed on protein basis) between preterm and term milks were small, despite the higher true protein content of preterm milk versus term milk (19.20 versus 12.60 g/L). The methionine + cyst(e)ine contents of term and preterm milks (3.72-3.84 g/100 g protein) were comparable with those reported in 1991 by the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) for mature human milk (4.20 g/100 g protein) but higher than those reported in 1991 by the European Commission (2.9 g/100 g protein).The amino acid pattern of human milk obtained in this study confirms that the 1991 FAO/WHO amino acid scoring pattern for predicting protein quality of infant formulas is representative of the amino acid quality of both preterm and term human milks.

Nutritional quality of quality protein maize-based supplementary foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Maseta ◽  
T.C. Mosha ◽  
Cornelio Nyaruhucha ◽  
Henry Laswai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Purpose Child undernutrition is a persistent problem in Africa, especially in areas where the poor largely depend on starchy staples with limited access to diverse diets. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein quality, growth and rehabilitating potential of composite foods made from quality protein maize. Design/methodology/approach Four composite diets were prepared from quality protein maize, namely quality protein maize-soybeans; quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas; quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality protein maize alone. A fifth diet was prepared from common maize alone. The control diet (Chesta®) was made from maize, soybeans, fish, bone and blood meal. The formulations were made to meet the greatest amino acid score and the desired amount of energy and fat according to the FAO/WHO (1985) recommendation for pre-school children. Albino rats were used in evaluating the protein quality of the formulations. Findings The food intake was significantly different (p < 0.05) among diets; with a trend of intake decreasing from quality protein maize-based to conventional maize alone diets (apart from the control diet). Protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the experimental diets. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) was 80 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas), 87 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans), 103 per cent (common maize alone), 98 per cent (quality protein maize), 80 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans) and 53 per cent (control). Research limitations/implications Two diets, namely quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas, showed the greatest potential to support growth and rehabilitation of undernourished rats. Human trial is proposed to validate the findings. Originality/value Despite adoption of quality protein maize in several parts of the country, there are no studies that have been done to determine the potential of quality protein maize to support optimal growth and rehabilitation of undernourished children. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the protein quality, growth and rehabilitating potential of composite foods made from quality protein maize.

scholarly journals Meat protein quality of Dormitator latifrons (Pisces: Eleotridae): arguments for use by rural communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Ernesto Rafael Basto-Rosales ◽  
Olimpia Carrillo-Farnés ◽  
Cynthia Eugenia Montoya-Martínez ◽  
Daniel Badillo-Zapata ◽  
Gustavo Gustavo Rodríguez-Montes de Oca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Meat Protein ◽  
Reference Protein

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of meat protein of Dormitator latifrons for humans based on its Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). Wild and cultured specimens were evaluated for amino acid content using HPLC equipment. The calculation of PDCAAS was performed as follows: milligrams of essential amino acid in 1 g of test protein per milligram of the same amino acid in 1 g of reference protein per true digestibility. To evaluate the protein of D. latifrons in relation to that of other fish, PDCAAS was calculated from the proteins of eight fish usually used in human nutrition. D. latifrons has a good essential amino acid profile, providing the same nutritional quality as those of other fish. Although the meat of wild D. latifrons contributes only 73% of human lysine requirements, it can be complemented with other lysine sources.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Minerals, Heavy Metals and Amino Acids Compositions of the Seeds and Juice of Cucumis metuliferus

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Onuabuchi Nnenna Ani ◽  
Cosmas Ezekaibeya Achikanu ◽  
Chukwuebuka Kenechukwu Onyishi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Supplement

The aim of this study was to compare the minerals, heavy metals and amino acids compositions of the seeds and juice of Cucumis metuliferus. The minerals and heavy metals content were evaluated using FS240AA agilent atomic absorption spectrometer according to the method of American Public Health Association while the amino acids content was evaluated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the mineral analysis, concentrations of calcium (23.416 ppm), aluminum (0.094 ppm), manganese (0.242 ppm) and iron (1.243 ppm) were higher in the juice than in the seeds with respective values of 20.084 ppm, 0.079 ppm, 0.221 ppm and 0.934 ppm while the concentrations of magnesium (29.749 ppm), zinc (4.184 ppm), copper (0.125 ppm), sodium (8.927 ppm) and potassium (7.594 ppm) were higher in the seeds than in the juice with respective values of 20.592 ppm, 1.271 ppm, 0.030 ppm, 8.594 ppm and 6.833 ppm. The juice had higher concentrations of heavy metals such as arsenic (20.082 ppm), lead (4.135 ppm), cobalt (0.178 ppm), silver (0.074 ppm), selenium (7.246 ppm) and mercury (4.609 ppm) as against the seed with respective values of 0.578 ppm, 1.455 ppm while cobalt, silver, selenium and mercury were not detected. However, the concentrations of cadmium (0.389 ppm), chromium (0.545 ppm) and nickel (0.288 ppm) were higher in the seeds than in the juice with respective values of 0.082 ppm, 0.252 ppm and 0.016 ppm. From the result of amino acid analysis, 18 amino acids were found in both the seeds and juice which include 9 essential and 9 non-essential amino acids respectively. The qualitative composition of amino acids in both the seeds and the juice was same, but the quantitative contents differed although non-significantly from each other with prevalence of amino acids in the seeds. Aspartate was the most abundant of the amino acids found while cysteine was the least.  These results suggest that the seeds and juice of Cucumis metuliferus contain adequate essential minerals which are beneficial to human health. The contaminant levels of heavy metals highlights the necessity on the quality and safety concerns about their use and handling. The amino acids analysis showed that both the seeds and juice of Cucumis metuliferus are good sources of amino acid and could be used as food supplement. The amino acid content may also provide useful information for determination of the protein quality of Cucumis metuliferus.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF FORAGE BEANS PROTEIN QUALITY IN BROILER CHICKEN FEEDING

2017 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Vital Functions

The article focuses on protein content and amino acid composition in different varieties of forage beans (Istok, Maria, Uzunovskie, Alfred), which are used in fodder of the farm poultry. Among them, there was studied a limiting factor - methionine, cysteine and lysine content. Portion of crude protein in the studied varieties of forage beans made between 24.7% (Alfred variety) - 27.9% (Maria variety), mean value made 26.3%. According to absolute portion of amino acids, Istok variety stands out among the rest. Amount of essential amino acids in crude protein is mean 44.32% with great instability of values: from 36.6 to 49.6%. The ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids (amino acid index) is an average of 0.53. Biological value of forage beans samples varied from 45.7% (Maria variety) to 52.8% (Istok variety), an average value made 49.9%. A comparative analysis of amino acid content of forage beans and eggs showed low biological value of forage beans due to the shortage of amino acids, particularly sulphur bearing ones: methionine and cysteine. Taking into account the fact that the better protein in the fodder meets the animals’ need in amino acids, the more of it is used to support vital functions of the organism, maximum fertility. In order to increase biological value of forage beans it is necessary to select varieties with greater content of essential amino acids, especially, limiting ones.

scholarly journals Assessment of the nutritional quality of proteins: the use of ‘ileal’ digestibilities of amino acids as measures of their availabilities

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Achinewhu ◽  
D. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Amino Acid Availability ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Bean Protein

1. A comparative study was made of two biological techniques for assessing protein quality in wheat and barley, and in a soya-bean-protein isolate both as received, and after being heat damaged by autoclaving. Amino acid digestibility was determined by the ‘ileal’ analysis technique while amino acid availability was measured in growth assays. Some chemical and microbiological tests were also done.2. Heat treatment of the soya-bean-protein isolate caused little change in amino acid composition but the digestibility of all amino acids and the availability of lysine and methionine were severely reduced, lysine being most affected. The reduced availability of lysine was not entirely attributable to impaired digestibility.3. The amino acids in wheat and barley were highly digestible. The availability of methionine and lysine in barley and of methionine in wheat was high, whereas the availability of lysine in wheat was apparently much lower.4. The results showed that for methionine, digestibility values are a fair measure of the availability. In heat-damaged soya-bean-protein isolate however, digestibility of lysine over-estimated the availability, indicating that amino acid digestibility may sometimes provide a misleading indication of nutritional value.

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