scholarly journals Identification of Chili Pepper Genotypes (Capsicum spp.) Resistant to Meloidogyne enterolobii

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. S. Marques ◽  
J. V. G. Chadud ◽  
M. F. Oliveira ◽  
A. R. Nascimento ◽  
M. R. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Chili pepper has economic importance and is the dominant Solanaceae in the market of spicy spices. Among the pathogens that affect this crop, Meloidogyne enterolobii is one of the most important because it presents a wide range of hosts and there are no resistance genes identified that are efficient against this species. The present study aimed to evaluate the reaction of chili pepper genotypes (Capsicum spp.) to M. enterolobii in order to identifify genetic resistance. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions: Experiment I, with 53 genotypes with ten replications; Experiment II, with twenty genotypes with ten replications; Experiment III in a 16 × 4 factorial scheme, with sixteen Capsicum spp. genotypes and four inoculum concentrations of M. enterolobii and eight replications. Inoculation was performed seven days after transplanting the Capsicum spp. seedlings into 2L plastic bags filled with sterilized soil and sand (2:1), using 4,000 eggs + J2/plant. Ninety days after inoculation (DAI) (Experiments I and II) and 60 DAI (Experiment III) nematode population density, reproduction factor (RF), fresh root mass, egg mass index (EMI) and gall index (GI) were evaluated. Genotypes with RF < 1.0 were considered resistant according to Oostenbrink (1966). Thirty one genotypes of Capsicum spp. showed resistance to M. enterolobii with RF ranging from 0.87 to 0.08. Seventeen resistant genotypes of C. chinensis presented RF lower than 0.85, ten genotypes of C. annuum had the RF lower than 0.75, three genotypes of C. frutescens had the RF lower than 0.87 and only one genotype of C. baccatum was resistant to M. enterolobii, presenting RF = 0.6. EMI and GI weren’t considered reliable variables to determine resistance and susceptibility. Fourteen genotypes rated as resistant in Experiments I and II were submitted to increasing concentrations of inoculum and, nevertheless, remained resistant.

Resistance of Malpighia emarginata DC. Genotypes to Meloidogyne enterolobii Parasitism

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Allan Deyws Francisco da Silva ◽  
Rosimar dos Santos Musser ◽  
Luiza Suely Semen Martins ◽  
Flavio Carrazzone De Carvalho Silva ◽  
Mateus Bernard Bovet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Malpighia Emarginata ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Matrix Control ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Aims: Considering the inexistence of M. emarginata cultivars resistant to M. enterolobii available for cultivation, and the scarcity of information about the severity of its parasitism in M. emarginata, the present study investigated the response of genotypes from the active germplasm bank of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco to M. enterolobii parasitism, aiming the selection of resistant genotypes for use as rootstocks for commercial varieties. Study Design: The experimental design was completely randomized, with 21 genotypes and one independent matrix (control), with six replicates each. The experimental unit was represented by one plant per plot. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE - Brazil between June 2013 and July 2014. Methods: In the experiment, completely randomized design was adopted, with 21 genotypes from the AGB and one as a control for susceptibility. The M. emarginata cuttings were inoculated with 10,000 nematode eggs, and after 150 days, they were evaluated for the following parameters: Egg mass index, gall index, reproduction factor, number of eggs per gram of root, number of eggs per root system. Results: Twenty out of the twenty-two genotypes analyzed were susceptible. The genotypes 021-CMF and 037-CMF were considered resistant. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of M. emarginata genotypes resistant to M. enterolobii. Conclusions: These results are of great importance for the breeding and cultivation of the species since these two genotypes can be indicated for use as rootstocks and for breeding programs aimed at transferring resistance to other cultivars with desirable production characteristics that are susceptible to the phytonematode.

scholarly journals Immunity of sugarcane cultivars to Meloidogyne enterolobii

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Silva Thomazelli ◽  
Roberta Luiza Vidal ◽  
Lúcio Roberto Vizentini ◽  
Daniel Dalvan Do Nascimento ◽  
Renato Silva Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Brazil is currently the world’s largest producer and exporter of sugarcane, and the crop has high socioeconomic importance in the country. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the major limiting factors in sugarcane production. These plant parasites have wide geographic distribution, high damage potential, and are difficult to control. Recently, the species Meloidogyne enterolobii was identified in sugarcane crops in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Given the importance of genetic resistance for integrated nematode management and the lack of research on the M. enterolobii–sugarcane pathosystem, this study aimed to assess the response of sugarcane cultivars to M. enterolobii. Thirteen cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to M. enterolobii based on the nematode reproduction factor. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with 14 replicates. Pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings were transplanted to 5 L pots, and each pot was considered an experimental unit. At 15 days after transplanting, the seedlings were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. enterolobii. Tomato and okra plants were also inoculated to test the viability of the inoculum. At 240 days after inoculation, plant roots were processed and evaluated for nematode number. This parameter was used to calculate the nematode reproduction factor on each cultivar. All sugarcane cultivars were found to be immune to M. enterolobii, with a reproduction factor of 0.

scholarly journals Resistance sources to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in Solanum species

2020 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Jadir Borges Pinheiro ◽  
Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽  
Jhenef Gomes de Jesus ◽  
Danielle Biscaia ◽  
Raphael Augusto de Castro e Melo
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Species ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Reproduction Factor

The objective of this work was to prospect sources of resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in Solanum species with potential to be used as rootstocks for cultivated Solanaceae. Nine accessions of Solanum sessiliflorum, 27 accessions of S. lycocarpum, 21 accessions of S. acanthodes, 22 accessions of S. scinericum and 26 accessions of S. scuticum for resistance to M. enterolobii. Rutgers and Nemadoro tomatoes were used as susceptible and resistant controls, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Vegetables, Brasília-DF, Brazil, in a completely randomized design with six replications. The experimental unit was a represented by a single plant grown in a plastic pot containing 3 L of substrate. 4000 eggs and eventual juveniles of second stage M. enterolobii were inoculated per pot. At 119 days after inoculation, gall index (Gi), egg mass index (EMI), number of eggs per root gram (NE) and reproduction factor (Fr) were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and grouping of treatments by Scott-Knott. It was verified that S. acanthodes and S. Lycocarpum are species with high resistance to M. enterolobii, with accessions being classified identified as immune. S. scuticum also has great potential, as several resistant accessions were identified, although some accessions were quite susceptible; whereas for S. subinerme only 4 resistant accessions were identified, although all others presented a reproduction factor much lower than tomato cv. Nemadoro as control; and all evaluated S. sessiliflorum accessions were susceptible.

scholarly journals Prospection of genetic resistance resources to root-knot nematodes in cucurbit genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Jadir B Pinheiro ◽  
Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽  
Valter R Oliveira ◽  
Geovani Bernardo Amaro ◽  
Alexandre Augusto de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Lagenaria Vulgaris

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to prospect genetic resistant sources to root-knot-nematode in Cucurbitaceae accessions. Two assays were conducted, the first to evaluate the resistance to root-knot nematode, M. incognita race 1 in accessions of Lagenaria vulgaris; Sicana odorifera; Cucurbita facifolia; Luffa sp.; Citrullus lanatus cv. Citroides; Lagenaria vulgaris; Cucurbita moschata; Cucurbita moschata x Cucurbita maxima; Cucumis melo and Cucumis metuliferus. The second to evaluate the reaction to nematode M. incognita race 1, M. javanica and M. enterolobii of the three accessions of Cucumis metuliferus (‘Kino’) considered resistant to M. incognita race 1 in the first experiment. The assays were carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Hortaliças in a completely randomized design with six replications. The seedlings in pots were inoculated with 5000 eggs and juveniles of 2nd stage (J2) of each Meloidogyne species alone. Fifty-three and eighty-four days after inoculation, respectively in both experiments, the plants were evaluated for egg mass index (IMO), gall index (IG), number of eggs per gram of root (NEGR) and reproduction factor (RF). The melon Cucumis metuliferus known as ‘Kino’ was identified as genetic source of resistance to root-knot nematodes and can be explored in breeding program as resistant rootstock.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Workload-Matched High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols on Regional Body Composition and Fat Oxidation in Obese Men

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Spyridon Tsirigkakis ◽  
George Mastorakos ◽  
Yiannis Koutedakis ◽  
Vassilis Mougios ◽  
Alan M. Nevill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The effects of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on regional body composition and fat oxidation in men with obesity were compared using a parallel randomized design. Sixteen inactive males (age, 38.9 ± 7.3 years; body fat, 31.8 ± 3.9%; peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak, 30.9 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min; all mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to either HIIT10 (48 × 10 s bouts at 100% of peak power [Wpeak] with 15 s of recovery) or HIIT60 group (8 × 60 s bouts at 100% Wpeak with 90 s of recovery), and subsequently completed eight weeks of training, while maintaining the same diet. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed only a main effect of time (p < 0.01) and no group or interaction effects (p > 0.05) in the examined parameters. Total and trunk fat mass decreased by 1.81 kg (90%CI: −2.63 to −0.99 kg; p = 0.002) and 1.45 kg (90%CI: −1.95 to −0.94 kg; p < 0.001), respectively, while leg lean mass increased by 0.86 kg (90%CI: 0.63 to 1.08 kg; p < 0.001), following both HIIT protocols. HIIT increased peak fat oxidation (PFO) (from 0.20 ± 0.05 to 0.33 ± 0.08 g/min, p = 0.001), as well as fat oxidation over a wide range of submaximal exercise intensities, and shifted PFO to higher intensity (from 33.6 ± 4.6 to 37.6 ± 6.7% VO2peak, p = 0.039). HIIT, irrespective of protocol, improved VO2peak by 20.0 ± 7.2% (p < 0.001), while blood lactate at various submaximal intensities decreased by 20.6% (p = 0.001). In conclusion, both HIIT protocols were equally effective in improving regional body composition and fat oxidation during exercise in obese men.

scholarly journals Host-Plant Variations Affect the Biotic Potential, Survival, and Population Projection of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir Ali ◽  
Tayyaba Naseem ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Ijaz Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous insect pest is a major threat to a wide range of crops worldwide. Aiming to evaluate the life history traits of M. persicae, feeding on different host plants, we used five vegetables: cabbage, Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae); chinese cabbage, B. rapa (Brassicaceae); chili pepper, Capsicum annum (Solanaceae); crown daisy, Chrysanthemum coronarium (Asteraceae); and eggplant, Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis about the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The highest fecundity (69.65 individuals) rate of M. persicae, intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.425 d−1), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.531 d−1), net reproductive rate (R0 = 69.65 offspring), and shortest mean generation time (T = 9.964 d) were recorded on the chili pepper plant. Whereas, lower fitness occurred on cabbage. The findings attained from population growth parameters indicate that chili pepper is the most susceptible plant, while cabbage is resistant to aphids. Population projection results also supported this statement, as the final total population size on cabbage was significantly lower than other plants. The reported information would be useful for devising integrated pest management programs, particularly those involving M. persicae. This information also suggests the adaptability of M. persicae causing economic damage to these vegetable cultivars.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) DAN MINYAK IKAN LEMURU SEBAGAI ADITIF PAKAN TERHADAP PERFORMA TELUR DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PUYUH

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Liana Indah Lestari ◽  
Agustina Widyasworo ◽  
Nita opi Ari kustanti
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mass Feed

This research aimed is to determine the effect of Secang extract addition and sardinella fish oil as feed additive on eggs performance and production of quail. The 98 quails and 10 weeks divided into 4 groups with unequal replication using the completely randomized design. The treatment which are P0 (based ration), P1 (based ration + 0,2% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil), P2 (based ration + 0,4% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil), P3 (based ration + 0,6% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil). The parameters observed were length storage time of egg, egg cholesterol rate, feed consumption, egg weight, hen day production, egg mass, feed conversion and mortality. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s analysis. The results showed that Secang extract addition and sardinella fish oil were increase egg cholesterol (P<0.05) and not significantly (P>0.05) on length storage time of egg and production of quail.

scholarly journals The effect of additional turmeric flour in rations on the performance and egg quality of laying chicken isa brown strain age 70th weeks

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
A Jaelani ◽  
N Abelina ◽  
R Samudera ◽  
T Rostini ◽  
Masganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Haugh Unit

Abstract This research aims to study and analyze the effect of adding turmeric flour (Curcuma domestica Val) in the rations on the performance of 70 weeks old Isa Brown strain of laying hens. The research method used in this study was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) step with five treatments and four replications. The number of chickens used was as many as 40 laying hens. The treatments given to the sample were P0 = feed without giving turmeric flour (control), P1 = feed with 0.3% turmeric flour, P2 = feed with 0.5% turmeric flour, P3 = feed with 0.7% turmeric flour and treatment P4 = feed by giving turmeric flour 0,9%. The results showed that giving turmeric flour in the rations of the Isa Brown strain of laying hens affected chicken performance and egg quality. This research concludes that giving turmeric flour a percentage of 0.7% in Isa Brown’s 70-week old laying hens is the best for ration consumption, Hen Day Production, egg weight, feed conversion, and egg quality: Haught Unit, yolk egg color, yolk egg index, grading egg and egg mass. Based on the haugh unit value, all eggs produced are still in the AA grade category

scholarly journals Do the stage of plant and initial population of root knot nematode influence on sweet pepper development?

O Biológico ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samara A. de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana M. O Rosa ◽  
Juliana Eulálio ◽  
Claudio Marcelo G. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Leaf Pair ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Reproduction Factor

The aim of this study was to investigate the response of three different stages (one, three and five leaf pairs) of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Orazio) seedlings to five inoculation levels of Meloidogyne enterolobii (zero (control), 300, 1000, 3000 and 10000) under greenhouse conditions. Each plant was cultivated in one pot filled with 3.8 L of substrate. The test was a completely randomized design with four replications. The plants were assessed 60 days after inoculation, plant shoot weight, final population of nematodes, and reproduction factor were measured. The results were fitted to Seinhorst model: Y = m + (1-m). ZPi –T. The results showed a tolerance limit (T) of 2,500 nematodes for plants with one and three leaf pair, and 8,500 nematodes for the five-leaf pair plant.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Torch Ginger Umbut Extract (Etlingera elatior) Against Heal Wounds of Mice (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Mhd Zalil Efendi ◽  
Ramadhan Sumarmin ◽  
M. Syukri Fadil
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Torch ginger has a wide range of good antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, larvicidal and repellent activities. Active compounds in Torch ginger that affect pharmacological activities are phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Based on these ingredients Torch ginger can be used to heal wounds. This study aims to observe the effect of Torch ginger Umbut extract on wound healing in mice. This study hopes to add information about the effect of Torch ginger umbut extract on the healing of cuts in mice so that it can be another alternative for wound healing and can be a reference for other researchers. This study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Tests carried out on adult male mice. The results showed that the optimal wound healing in P2 is treatment with 10% Torch ginger umbut extract which requires a range of wound healing 7-8 days. Based on these results, Torch ginger umbut extract can heal wounds.

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