scholarly journals Physiological, Histological, and Molecular Analyses of Avocado Mesocarp Fatty Acids During Fruit Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ge ◽  
Xiangshu Dong ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Zining Xu ◽  
Zhaoxi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are important components of the avocado mesocarp, so a better understanding of how their change during fruit development will contribute to improving the quality of avocado fruits and their nutritional value. The changes in fatty acids, lipid droplets, and expression of some key genes and regulators participating in late glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis were analyzed at different stages of the development of avocado mesocarp. The total fatty acid contents of the avocado mesocarp increased during fruit development, with an increase by a factor of seven (from 1,628.04 to 11,116.30 mg/100 g dry weight) in the late stage of fruit maturation, this was confirmed by the changes observed in the lipid droplets. The composition of the main fatty acids varied at four developmental stages of fruit development. Palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acid contents generally increased during fruit development, reaching maxima at Harvest, with percentages of total fatty acids of 50%, 9%, 31%, and 8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the amount of PaWRI1, PaACP4-2, and PapPK-β1 expressed consistently increased by up to 4-fold during fruit development. This comprehensive analysis has indicated that the changes in the expressions of PaWRI1, PaACP4-2, and PapPK-β1 were consistent with those in the total fatty acid contents, so they might have key roles in the accumulation of oil in the avocado mesocarp.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

Effect of Thiolactomycin on de novo Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Focke ◽  
Andrea Feld ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Thiolactomycin was shown to be a potent inhibitor of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in intact isolated chloroplasts (measured as [14C]acetate incorporation into total fatty acids). In our attempt to further localize the inhibition site we confirmed the inhibition with a fatty acid synthetase preparation, measuring the incorporation of [14C]malonyl-CoA into total fatty acids. From the two proposed enzymic targets of the fatty acid synthetase by thiolactomycin we could exclude the acetyl-CoA: ACP transacetylase. It appears that the inhibition by thiolactomycin occurs on the level of the condensing enzymes, i.e. the 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthases. We also demonstrated that the two starting enzymes of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-CoA synthetase and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, are not affected by thiolactomycin.

The fatty acid composition of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea and its jellyfish prey

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Holland ◽  
J. Davenport ◽  
J. East
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (L.) studied was a male, weighing 916 kg, with a total dorsal length of 291 cm. It was beached on the Welsh coast, UK in September 1988 and is currently the largest leatherback ever recorded.Total lipid formed between 87.5 and 95.4% of the dry weight of representative samples of the blubber and 43.0% and 4.9% of the liver and pectoral muscle respectively. High levels of neutral lipid in the liver (79.0% of the total lipid) as well as the blubber (87.6–99.9% of the total lipid) suggest an important energy storage function for these tissues.Overall, with the notable exception of 22:lwll, fatty acids which are found in a putative jellyfish diet of Rhizostoma, Amelia, Cyanea and Chrysaora are also present in the leatherback liver and muscle, blubber and other fatty tissues. Fatty acid 22:lwll is present in the jellyfish samples, but is absent or at trace levels only in the leatherback tissues (0.1–0.3% of the total fatty acids).The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the w3 series 20:5w3, 22:5w3 and 22:6w3 are well represented in leatherback adipose tissues, muscle and liver as well as in the jellyfish examined. The leatherback and jellyfish lipids are therefore marine in character, but are also similar to terrestrial animal lipid in having a high proportion of fatty acids of the w6 series, principally arachidonic acid, 20:4w6. The significant levels of 20:4w6 in jellyfish total lipid (9.7–20.0% of the total fatty acids) and in the leatherback neutral lipid (1.0–10.9% of the total fatty acids) and phospholipid (0.6–15.5% of total fatty acids) fractions of all tissues sampled suggests that arachidonic acid assumes more importance in food chain relationships involving leatherbacks than in other marine food webs such as those involving fish.

Observations on the effect of the rediae of Fasciola hepatica on the lipid composition of the hepatopancreas of Lymnaea truncatula

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Southgate
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Esterified Sterols

In the uninfected hepatopancreas of L. truncatula 7·0–11·0% of the dry weight is lipid. Of the total lipid 60% is neutral lipid and 40% is phospholipid. Free fatty acid is the major neutral lipid component; triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, sterols and esterified sterols are also present. The phospholipids identified were phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin. The fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography. The major fatty acid is C16 (palmitic) and 60% of the total fatty acids are saturated.In the hepatopancreas of L. truncatula infected with the rediae of F. hepatica, but with the rediae removed, 5·4–9·4% of the dry weight is lipid. Of this total lipid 73% is neutral lipid and 27% is phospholipid. All the fractions of neutral lipid, except the fatty acids are smaller than in the uninfected hepatopancreas. The fatty acids show an increase of 38%. The same phospholipids identified in the uninfected hepatopancreas are present, but all the fractions show a decrease in amount with the exception of the phosphatidyl choline fraction, which is present in approximately equal amounts in both the uninfected and the infected hepatopancreas. The major fatty acid is palmitic acid.

Screening of fatty acid composition in Nitzschia sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeliha Demirel ◽  
Esra Imamoglu ◽  
Meltem Conk Dalay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractIntroduction:The main target of this study was to compare the effects of nitrogen limitation and light intensities on cell growth, lipid content and fatty acid profile ofMethods:F/2 medium and N-free F/2 medium were both tested at two different light intensities of 11 and 56 μEmResults:The presence of nitrogen led to more cells grown efficiently. Furthermore, the increase in chlorophyll content went parallel to the increase in dry weight. The most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) which constituted 17%–42% and 15%–48% of total fatty acids for all growth conditions, respectively. It was recorded that palmitoleic acid was present at higher concentrations than palmitic acid.Discussion and conclusion:The noteworthy finding was that the lipid content increased with increasing the growth rate of

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition including trans isomers of Serbian biscuits

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Kravic ◽  
Zvonimir Suturovic ◽  
Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic ◽  
Zorica Stojanovic ◽  
Mira Pucarevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat

An experimental study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the quality of the lipid fraction of Serbian biscuits. Total fat contents of the biscuit samples ranged between 10.2% and 24.5%. The saturated, cis-monounsaturated and cis-polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were within the ranges of 18.585.6%, 10.649.9% and 2.713.3% of total fatty acids, respectively. The content of trans fatty acids (TFA) ranged from 0.0% to 42.5% and the mean was 10.2%. In a total of 34 investigated samples, 10 of them were found to be trans - free, 8 contained low level of TFA (under 2%), 4 samples contained between 2 and 10% of TFA, while 12 samples contained very high amounts of TFA (12.042.5%). The results obtained showed a considerable variability in fatty acid composition of biscuits which indicated that different types of fats and oils were used for production of biscuits in Serbia.

scholarly journals Effect on the fatty acid profiles of a microalgae strain (Dunaliella tertiolecta) using different lipid extraction techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Fidel Gómez-Cordova ◽  
Irma Palomares-Ruiz ◽  
David Santos-Ballardo ◽  
Nildia Mejias-Brizuela
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dunaliella Tertiolecta ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Weight Content

Biodiesel is subject of research because it is less polluting when used in pure form or mixed with petroleum diesel. Microalgae are now a material new in research for mass production of biodiesel, so the techniques used for cell growth, biomass extraction and lipid extraction influence the profile of fatty acids susceptible to transesterification and consequently the quality of biofuel. This work shows the effect on the fatty acid profile of a Dunaliella tertiolecta strain using two lipid extraction techniques. For this, the culture was carried out in the medium F/2, the recovery of the biomass was carried out by sedimentation-flocculation with NaOH and once dry it was subjected to extraction with solvent by Soxhlet and by ultrasound to obtain lipids under the methodology by Bligh & Dyer. The fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography and the profile is made up of saturated-monounsaturated-polyunsaturated fatty acids and shows differences regarding the presence-absence and dry weight content. This represents a contribution to analyze the effect on physicochemical parameters established in Mexican regulations regarding the quality of biodiesel and to determine the potential of the microalgae strain for such production.

scholarly journals LIPID CONTENT AND QUALITY OF PECAN POLLEN

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 264B-264
Author(s):  
Tommy E. Thompson ◽  
Samuel D. Senter ◽  
L.J. Grauke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Main Effects

Pollen from five cultivars (cvs.) of pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] was sampled at Brownwood and College Station, Texas, in 1991 and 1992. Samples were analyzed for cytoplasmic lipid classes and constituent fatty acids. Lipid classes in all cvs. included phosphatidyl inasitol, phosphatidyl swine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. Triglycerides were the predominant class of lipids in all cvs. analyzed. Fatty acids, qualitated and quantitated by gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis, included palmitie (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) adds. Quantities of individual and total fatty acids were significantly influenced (P> 0.05) by tree age. Within a uniform age class, quantities of individual and total fatty acids varied greatly and were significantly influenced by cultivar, year, and location as well as by interactions of main effects. The percent composition of individual fatty acids was stable in relation to total fatty acids in the sample, despite wide variation in quantities of fatty acids in different samples. Total fatty acids varied from 2.53% to 0.25% of dry weight. How this large variability in stored energy levels among pollen sources may affect orchard production is discussed.

Effect of variations in dietary protein and of supplements of cod-liver oil on energy digestion and microbial synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed hay and concentrates

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
R. H. Smith ◽  
A. B. McAllan ◽  
J. E. Storry ◽  
D. A. Corse
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

SUMMARYEstimates have been made of the amount of energy fermented and the amounts of microbial protein and total fatty acids synthesized in the rumen of sheep given various rations of hay and concentrates. The sheep had re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum. The amount of protein synthesized was calculated from the flow of RNA-N at the duodenum. The change in the amount of total fatty acids between the food and the proximal duodenum was also measured.In Expt 1, six sheep were given a low-protein basal diet and the same diet supplemented with a vegetable protein concentrate with or without tannin treatment. Some 72% of the digestible energy was apparently digested in the rumen and an estimated 150–170 g microbial protein were synthesized per kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen. Differences due to the dietary treatments in the amount of energy digested and the amount of microbial protein synthesized were small and non-significant.In Expt 2, the effect of a supplement of 20 g/day of cod-liver oil (CLO) on digestion of a mixed diet of hay and concentrates was examined in five sheep. Despite a marked fall in the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen volatile fatty acids when CLO was added, there were no clear differences in the amount of energy fermented in the rumen, which averaged 64% of the digestible energy, or in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, which averaged 200 g/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen. On the basal diet an increase of 6·7 g total fatty acid/day occurred in the stomach. This was presumably synthesized in the rumen. However when CLO was added to the diet, a decrease of 4·1 g total fatty acid/day was measured.

Impact of temperature and growth phases on lipid composition and fatty acid profile of a thermophilic Bacillariophyta strain related to the genus Halamphora from north-eastern Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Nahla Bouzidi ◽  
Fatma Zili ◽  
Federico García-Maroto ◽  
Diego López Alonso ◽  
Hatem Ben Ouada
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Temperature Levels

AbstractA thermo-tolerant diatom species has been isolated from Tunisian hot spring water (40°C). The isolated diatom has been molecularly identified and classified into the genus Halamphora. The growth kinetics, lipid content and distribution of fatty acids were assessed at 20 and 30°C temperature levels and constant irradiance in controlled batch cultures (11 days). Halamphora sp. showed better growth (μ = 0.53 day−1) and a higher lipid yield (25% of the dry weight) at a higher temperature (30°C). Under the two temperatures tested, the highest lipid and fatty acid contents were mainly reached during the stationary growth phase. The fatty acid profile showed a significant content of two essential fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), reaching ~15% and ~21% of the total fatty acids, respectively, at 20°C and 30°C. The distribution of the different components of the fatty acids showed that EPA and AA were mainly located in the neutral lipid fraction in the stationary phase.

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