scholarly journals The Application of Molecular Markers to Accelerate the Recovery of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Male Sterility in South African Onion (Allium cepa L.) Hybrid Parental Lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Inge Gazendam ◽  
Maria M. Greyling ◽  
Sunette M. Laurie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
South African ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Snp Genotyping ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Pcr Marker ◽  
Nuclear Male Sterility ◽  
Parental Lines

Male sterility is important to prevent self-pollination and loss of the onion hybrid genotype. Classic methods require 4-8 years of progeny testing before the cytoplasm type can be determined. An accurate and time-saving method was needed. Various types of markers were tested for application to South African onion parental lines of hybrid cultivars, and which could determine male sterility and maintainer genotypes accurately and easily with large numbers of samples. Five cytoplasmic (5’cob, orfA501, orf725, IGS and cob-type 2) and four nuclear markers (jnurf13, isotig34671_610, isotig30856_1351 and isotig29186_1830) were sourced. Genomic DNA was isolated from onion seedlings and young leaves growing from bulbs in the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) research field. PCR marker amplification products were separated by agarose or denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with custom TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays containing primer/probe pairs designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to the nuclear Ms locus. OrfA501 proved useful as a presence/absence marker for cytoplasmic male sterility, while TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays were superior to the jnurf13 nuclear marker in terms of rapid throughput. PCR molecular markers and custom TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays were efficient in screening the onion lines rapidly and accurately for their cytoplasmic and nuclear male sterility genotype. These methods reduced the time to identify the correct genotype of male sterile and maintainer lines, gave accurate genotypic information and proved to be useful on a larger scale. These molecular marker methods will facilitate the production of the correct seed for commercialization of onion lines worldwide.

scholarly journals 069 Molecular-facilitated Selection of Maintainer Lines in Edible Onion (Allium cepa L.)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 453B-453
Author(s):  
Ali Fuat Gokce ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Pcr Marker ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Male Fertility Restoration ◽  
Selection Of

Cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS) is used to produce hybrid onion seed. For the most widely used source of CMS in onion, male sterility is conditioned by the interaction of sterile (S) cytoplasm and the homozygous recessive genotype at a single nuclear male-fertility restoration locus (Ms). Maintainer lines used to seed-propagate male-sterile lines possess normal fertile (N) cytoplasm and the homozyous recessive genotype at the Ms locus. Presently, it takes 4 to 8 years to establish if maintainer lines can be extracted from an uncharacterized population or family. We previously developed a PCR marker useful to distinguish N and S cytoplasms of onion. To tag the nuclear male-fertility restoration locus (Ms), we evaluated segregation at Ms over at least three environments. Segregations of AFLPs, RAPDs, and RFLPs revealed molecular markers flanking the Ms locus. We are working to convert these linked molecular markers to nonradioactive PCR-based detection. The organellar and nuclear markers were used to select plants from open-pollinated onion populations and determine if the number of test-crosses required to identify maintaining genotypes.

Registration of N614, A3 N615, N616, and N617 Shattercane Genetic Stocks with Cytoplasmic or Nuclear Male Sterility and Juicy or Dry Midribs

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Sattler ◽  
John J. Toy ◽  
James Aketch Okeno ◽  
Deanna L. Funnell-Harris ◽  
Jeffrey F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Nuclear Male Sterility ◽  
Genetic Stocks

scholarly journals A cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterility system derived from a cross between Cajanus cajanifolius and Cajanus cajan

Euphytica ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Saxena ◽  
R. V. Kumar ◽  
Namita Srivastava ◽  
Bao Shiying
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Nuclear Male Sterility

scholarly journals A Review of Plants Used in South African Traditional Medicine for the Management and Treatment of Hypertension

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (04) ◽  
pp. 312-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatai Balogun ◽  
Anofi Ashafa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
South African ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Research Councils

AbstractSouth Africa contains 9% of the worldʼs higher plants, and despite its rich biodiversity, it has one of the highest prevalence of hypertension in Africa. This review provides information on medicinal plants embraced in South Africa for hypertension management, with the aim of reporting pharmacological information on the indigenous use of these plants as antihypertensives. This review not only focuses on the activity of antihypertensive medicinal plants but also reports some of its phytochemical constituents and other ethnopharmacological and therapeutic properties. Information obtained from scientific and or unpublished databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, SciFinder, JSTOR, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and various books revealed 117 documented antihypertensive plant species from 50 families. Interestingly, Asteraceae topped the list with 16 species, followed by Fabaceae with 8 species; however, only 25% of all plant species have demonstrated antihypertensive effects originating from both in vitro and in vivo studies, lending credence to their folkloric use. Only 11 plant species reportedly possess antihypertensive properties in animal models, with very few species subjected to analytical processes to reveal the identity of their bioactive antihypertensive compounds. In this review, we hope to encourage researchers and global research institutions (universities, agricultural research councils, and medical research councils), particularly those showing an interest in natural products, for the need for concerted efforts to undertake more studies aimed at revealing the untapped potential of these plants. These studies are very important for the development of new pharmaceuticals of natural origin useful for the management of hypertension.

scholarly journals Seed parent breeding efficiency of three diverse cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterility systems in pearl millet

Euphytica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Rai ◽  
I. S. Khairwal ◽  
C. J. Dangaria ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
A. S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Nuclear Male Sterility ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

scholarly journals A novel, two-component system for cell lethality and its use in engineering nuclear male-sterility in plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane G. Burgess ◽  
Edward J. Ralston ◽  
William G. Hanson ◽  
Matthew Heckert ◽  
Minh Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Component System ◽  
Nuclear Male Sterility ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Cell Lethality

scholarly journals Use of Prolamin Polymorphism to Describe Genetic Variation in a Collection of Barley Genetic Resources

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vyhnánek ◽  
J. Bednář ◽  
S. Helánová ◽  
L. Nedomová ◽  
J. Milotová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Two Samples

 The polymorphism of prolamin storage proteins was studied in seed samples of 20 historical cultivars of   spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Czech and Slovak origin, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Only two samples were uniform. Most heterogeneity of prolamin patterns was observed in the oldest accessions. By means of a prolamin identity index it was possible to distinguish sister lines from admixtures within the seed samples. The obtained spectra will be used as additional descriptors for the spring barley core collection of the Collection of Genetic Resources of the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd.  

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