scholarly journals Effectiveness of Positive Selection in Managing Seed-Borne Potato Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Gidraf Onduru Okeyo ◽  
Kalpana Sharma ◽  
Elly Atieno ◽  
Rama Devi Narla ◽  
Douglas Watuku Miano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Field Generation ◽  
Seed Tubers

Potato productivity in Kenya has remained below the potential due to the use of infected seed tubers especially by seed borne viruses. A study was carried out to asses the effectiveness of Positive Selection (PS) in managing seed borne potato viruses. Sprouted seed potato tubers of nine genotypes; three commercial varieties and six advanced International Potato Center (CIP) clones were screened in the field for two seasons, Field Generation Three (FG3) and Field Generation Four (FG4), respectively. In each season, experimental plots were divided into two sub-plots in which one sub-plot was planted with seed tubers sourced through Random Seed Selection (RSS) and the other with seed tuber sourced through Positive Selection (PS). Positive selection plots had low visual virus incidences, high number of tubers per hill and yield (t/ha) in both FG3 and FG4 growing seasons irrespective of the genotypes. ELISA test also revealed that Potato Virus S (PVS) (78%) was the most predominant virus followed by Potato Virus Y (PVY) (20%), Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) (16%) and Potato Virus M (PVM) (9%) in RSS plots either with single or multiple infections. Positive Selection plots recorded low virus incidences of PVS (47%), and PVY, PLRV and PVM were absent in the tubers tested with ELISA. This study concludes that Positive Selection is a good management strategy to manage the seed borne potato viruses, and if adopted, small holder farmers can reduce the yield losses arising from use of virus infected seed tubers.

scholarly journals Prevalence, distribution and control of six major potato viruses in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Onditi ◽  
Moses Nyongesa ◽  
René van der Vlugt
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Virus Prevalence

AbstractIn most developing countries, farmers lack sufficient supply of certified or healthy potato seed tubers. Hence, they often plant their own saved ware potato tubers, a practice that is known to contribute to spread and increase the prevalence of plant viruses. In this study, we proposed options for managing the virus based on the knowledge obtained from surveys of virus prevalence and distribution in potato cultivars grown under such conditions. Potato leaf samples randomly collected from 354 farms in five major potato-growing counties in Kenya were tested for six potato viruses; potato virus Y (PVY), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), potato virus X (PVX), potato virus M (PVM), potato virus A (PVA) and potato virus S (PVS) through DAS-ELISA. Virus prevalence in the fields was high; 72.9% of the samples were positive for at least one of the six viruses; and 55.9% showed multiple infections. A follow-up survey conducted during three consecutive seasons, in two of the five counties, revealed that virus prevalence fluctuated across seasons. This suggested that updated information on virus prevalence might be of value for designing a virus control strategy. Distribution maps showed the presence of the viruses restricted to specific geographic regions, an indication of where control efforts should be directed. Four cultivars, Sherekea, Shangi, Kenya Karibu and Asante, grown at a high virus-prevalent area, showed low values of average ELISA absorbance (OD), suggest a field resistance to the viruses. This study demonstrated that knowledge of prevalence and distribution may be of value to identify and recommend virus resistant cultivars to replace susceptible ones, especially in the virus hotspot areas.

scholarly journals Presence and distribution of economically important potato viruses in Montenegro

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Jelena Zindovic
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Das Elisa

The research was carried out, in the period 2002-2004 in order to determine the presence and distribution of potato viruses at 12 different locations and on 9 different potato varieties grown in Montenegro. The research included collecting of samples in seed potato crops and testing of six economically important potato viruses: Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus A (PVA) i Potato virus M (PVM). Using the direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and commercial antisera specific for six potato viruses, it was found that PVY was the most frequent virus during the three-year research period. The second frequent virus was PVS, followed by PVA, PLRV, PVM and PVX. Single and mixed infections were detected, and the most prevalent were the single infections of PVY. Also, in the period 2002-2004, PVY had the highest distribution and the number of present viruses was different at different localities and on different potato varieties. Further investigations were related to detailed characterization of the most prevalent virus (PVY), which is at the same time economically the most important one. Serological characterization of PVY was performed utilizing DAS-ELISA kit with commercial monoclonal antibodies specific for detection of the three strain groups of PVY, and the two strain groups - necrotic (PVYN/PVYNTN) and common (PVYO), were identified. Necrotic strains were prevalent in 2002 and 2004, while in 2003 PVYO was the most frequent strain in virus population. The presence of stipple streak strain (PVYC) was not detected in any of the tested samples.

Potato viruses and resistance genes in potato

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ahmadvand ◽  
A. Takács ◽  
J. Taller ◽  
I. Wolf ◽  
Z. Polgár
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Potato Virus A ◽  
The World ◽  
Potato Virus M ◽  
Cultivated Potatoes

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world. It is the most economically valuable and well-known member of the plant family Solanaceae. Potato is the host of many pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, Phytoplasmas, viruses, viroids and nematodes, which cause reductions in the quantity and quality of yield. Apart from the late blight fungus [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] viruses are the most important pathogens, with over 40 viruses and virus-like pathogens infecting cultivated potatoes in the field, among which Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus M (PVM) are some of the most important viruses in the world. In this review, their characteristics and types of resistance to them will be discussed.

scholarly journals In silico Characterization and Homology Modelling of Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) Coat Protein

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jitesh Kumar ◽  
Tushar Ranjan ◽  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Ansar ◽  
Kumari Rajani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Homology Modelling ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Ramachandran Plot ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Potato Crops

Polerovirus (Family-Luteoviridae) are one of the most destructive viruses causing detrimental diseases in vegetable crops in tropical regions of the world including India. Four species viz. potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), potato virus Y(PVY), potato virus X(PVX) and potato virus S(PVS) are known to cause different diseases in potato crops. Of the various viral diseases inflicting potato crops, potato leaf roll disease is the most destructive and widely distributed. They cause huge agro-economical losses (90%) worldwide and thus are the subjects of immense concern. PLRV is a phloem-limited spherical virus transmitted by several aphid species in a persistent manner. A study was performed in order to detect the infection of potato leaf roll virus from different regions of Bihar. These infected samples were diagnosed first using DAS-ELISA for the PLRV infection and later, coat protein was amplified and sequenced from PLRV positive sample. Phylogenetic tree deduced based on the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene gene showed a distinct divergence of PLRV isolates in two major clades. The molecular weight of the predicted protein sequence of 203 amino acids was found 22617.06 daltons while theoretical pI was 5.22. The extinction coefficient of predicted coat protein was 0.836. An attempt was taken in order to illustrate the 3D model of the coat protein which was further verified using Ramachandran plot. The model structure obtained using Swiss-Model had 92.9% residues in the most favourable region of the Ramachandran plot (Fig. 3c) and showed Z-score for bond angles, chi-1/chi-2 correlation and Ramachandran Z-score were 1.457, 1.773 and -2.633 respectively which exhibited  considerably good model quality.

scholarly journals Incidence of Potato Viruses in Different Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zishan Gul ◽  
Aftab A. Khan ◽  
Asif U. R. Khan ◽  
Zaheer U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Leave ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Immunosorbant Assay ◽  
Potato Virus A ◽  
Potato Virus M ◽  
Potato Crops

Three consecutive potato crops are grown annually in Pakistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK) province is the main source for seed tubers. During the year 2010, 240 symptomatic and viral susceptible potato leave samples were collected from Swat, Dir, Abbottabad and Mansehra and serologically confirmed through Double Antibody Sandwich (DAS) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) against Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus A (PVA). The presence or absence of viruses was confirmed by observing the yellow and white color in ELISA plates respectively. According to ELISA results, overall percentage incidence of viral diseases was found highest in Swat (65%) followed by Mansehra (61%), Dir (53%) and Abbottabad (43.33%) while PVY and PVS were dominant in Swat (26.66%), Dir (20%), Mansehra (15%) and Abbottabad (21.66%) respectively. PVX was not detected in Abbottabad while Swat samples seemed to be free from PVM and PVA.

scholarly journals Ocorrência de vírus em batata em sete estados do Brasil

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Carlos de Ávila ◽  
Paulo Eduardo de Melo ◽  
Lindolfo R Leite ◽  
Alice K Inoue-Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Das Elisa

As viroses causam rápida degenerescência dos tubérculos-sementes de batata. Em condições tropicais, em que a presença de afídeos vetores é constante e a estrutura das populações de vírus é dinâmica, a pressão das doenças é enorme. Conhecer essa dinâmica é uma ferramenta importante para a sustentabilidade da produção de batata. Realizou-se um levantamento abrangente da ocorrência de viroses em batata no Brasil, além de estudar-se a distribuição das estirpes de Potato virus Y (PVY) associadas ao mosaico da batata. Em 2005 e 2006 foram visitadas lavouras em sete estados brasileiros, coletando-se folíolos com sintomas de viroses (1.256 amostras) e amostras aleatórias (360 amostras). Foi feita também uma estimativa visual da incidência de mosaico e enrolamento-das-folhas em vários dos campos visitados. Das 1.256 amostras suspeitas, 840 apresentaram reação positiva em teste sorológico para PVY (66,9%), 128 para Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) (10,2%), 79 para Potato virus S (PVS) (6,3%) e nenhuma para Potato virus X (PVX). Os resultados dos testes de detecção por DAS-ELISA, biológico e RT-PCR mostraram a presença quase absoluta do subgrupo necrótico de PVY, em sua maioria PVY NTN. A análise de uma sub-amostragem em todos os municípios visitados confirmou que essa variante está hoje presente nos sete estados visitados. Amostras de PVY NTN foram obtidas das cultivares Asterix, Atlantic, Agata, Achat, Baronesa, Baraka, Bintje, Caesar, Cupido, Marijke, Monalisa, Panda e Vivaldi, que apresentaram diferentes níveis de suscetibilidade. As amostras aleatórias revelaram um quadro muito similar ao encontrado com as amostras sintomáticas. PLRV foi identificado em MG, BA, PR e SC, em várias lavouras de forma muito freqüente. PVS foi identificado nesses mesmos estados e também em SP. PVX foi detectado em apenas uma amostra tomada ao acaso em Serra do Salitre (MG). O contraste entre a avaliação visual dos sintomas e os resultados do teste de detecção por ELISA revelou a possibilidade de infecção latente por PVY em níveis relevantes na cultivar Asterix.

scholarly journals Diversité et abondance des pucerons [Homoptera : Aphididae] et leur impact sur la dissémination des virus infectant la pomme de terre au Mali

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Almouner A.A. Yattara ◽  
Amadou K. Coulibaly ◽  
Frédéric Francis
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Pomme De Terre

Des études sur l’abondance et la diversité des pucerons ont été menées pendant trois campagnes agricoles au Mali. Sur la base de relevés de bacs jaunes installés dans des cultures de pomme de terre à Kati et à Sikasso, 2 525 pucerons ont été capturés et identifiés. Dix-neuf espèces de pucerons ont été recensées, dont deux qui ont été observéesin situsur la culture :Aphis gossypii(Glover) etMyzus persicae(Sulzer). La plupart de ces espèces sont des ravageurs de cultures et elles contribuent également à la transmission virale. Des échantillons foliaires prélevés dans des parcelles de pomme de terre dans les deux régions ont été testés par la technique ELISA pour la détection des deux principaux virus dommageables, soit lePotato VirusY (PVY) et lePotato Leaf Roll Virus(PLRV). Le taux de plantes virosées dans les deux localités pendant les trois années variait de 19,3 % à 21,8 % pour le PVY, alors qu’il était de 8,5 % à 9,3 % pour le PLRV. L’occurrence de ces maladies virales s’est révélée être très homogène d’une année à l’autre, avec des taux relativement importants. Cette étude est une première quantification dans cette région du Mali de l’importance des relations pucerons vecteurs–virus en culture de pomme de terre.

Biodiversity and full genome sequence of potato viruses Alfalfa mosaic virus and potato leaf roll virus in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 423-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engy E. Abdel Aleem ◽  
Radwa M. Taha ◽  
Faiza A. Fattouh
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Viruses

Abstract Solanum tuberosum (potato) is the second most important vegetable crop in Egypt. It is locally consumed, manufactured or supplied for export to Europe and other Arab countries. Potato is subject to infection by a number of plant viruses, which affect its yield and quality. Potato virus Y (PVY), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were detected in major potato-growing areas surveyed. Multiplex-RT-PCR assay was used for the detection of these three viruses in one reaction using three specific primer pairs designed to amplify genomic parts of each virus (1594 bp for PLRV, 795 bp for AMV, 801 bp for PVY). All three viruses were detected in a single reaction mixture in naturally infected field-grown potatoes. Multiplex RT-PCR improved sensitivity necessary for the early detection of infection. Incidence of single, double, or triple infection has been recorded in some locations. Full-length sequencing has been performed for an Egyptian FER isolate of PLRV. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was shown to occupy the same clade with isolate JokerMV10 from Germany. Complete nucleotide sequence of an Egyptian FER isolate of AMV and phylogenetic analysis was also performed; we propose that it is a new distinct strain of AMV belonging to a new subgroup IIC. This is the first complete nucleotide sequence of an Egyptian isolate of AMV. Genetic biodiversity of devastating potato viruses necessitates continuous monitoring of new genetic variants of such viruses.

scholarly journals Eliminating Potato Virus Y (PVY) and Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) Using Cryotherapy of in vitro-grown Potato Shoot Tips

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Yoon Yi ◽  
◽  
Gi-An Lee ◽  
Jong-Wook Jeong ◽  
Sok-Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf
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