scholarly journals Chilling Prevention on Banana ‘Nanica’ in the Field with Bagging

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Juliana Domingues Lima ◽  
Danilo Eduardo Rozane ◽  
Eduardo Nardini Gomes ◽  
Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla da Silva ◽  
Wilson Da Silva Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Kraft Paper ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

Low temperature in the field causes chilling injury (CI) in banana and peel browning. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of different bagging materials and combinations on bunch development of banana (Musa AAA cv. Nanica) and the occurrence of CI. The study was carried in Jacupiranga, São Paulo, Brazil, in a completely randomized design in 2 × 9 factorial, two years of formation (2013 and 2014) and nine bagging materials, with eight replicates. Materials consisted in blue transparent polyethylene, white non-woven fabric, white opaque polyethylene, bubble wrap, white laminated non-woven fabric, double paper, blue transparent polyethylene plus kraft paper, blue transparent polyethylene plus white non-woven fabric and control (non-bagged). Fruits formed in both years showed low L* and C* values related to the CI index. On the coldest days of 2013 and 2014, bagging raised the temperature by only 1.91 and 3.17 °C, respectively. Depending on the year of bunch formation, the bagging materials influenced the period between flowering and harvest, but not the bunch mass. In the green fruit, the content of chlorophylls was lower in double paper, while L* was higher, but there were no differences in the content of phenols for the different materials. In mature fruits, CI index, L* and a* were not affected by the bagging materials, unlike coordinates b*, h° and C*, which were lower for double paper, with no difference between other materials and non-bagged fruits. Bagging materials did not prevent CI and did not reduce the peel browning intensity.

scholarly journals Influence of bunch bagging on the development of banana Prata (AAB) and prevention of chilling injury in the field

2019 ◽  
pp. 895-902
Author(s):  
Juliana Domingues Lima ◽  
Danilo Eduardo Rozane ◽  
Eduardo Nardini Gomes ◽  
Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla da Silva ◽  
Wilson da Silva Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Kraft Paper ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Banana is extremely sensitive to chilling injury (CI). It shows symptoms of peel browning at approximately 12°C and severe symptoms at 6°C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different bagging materials on development of banana bunch (Musa spp. AAB cv. Prata) and preventing CI in field. The study was carried in Jacupiranga, São Paulo, Brazil, in a completely randomized design in 2 × 9 factorial, in which treatments were two years of formation of bunch and nine bagging materials, with eight replicates. Bagging was performed in the autumn and winter to ensure the occurrence of CI in the field, and the evaluations after harvesting and fruit maturation. The bagging materials consisted of blue transparent polyethylene, white non-woven fabric, white opaque polyethylene, bubble wrap, white laminated non-woven fabric, double paper, blue transparent polyethylene plus kraft paper, blue transparent polyethylene plus white non-woven fabric and non-bagged. In 2013, the bunches of were exposed to 182.02 h of temperatures lower than 12C and 5.25 h of temperatures lower than 5C, while in 2014, only 70.76 h of temperatures lower than 12C was provided. Bunches formed in 2013 had longer exposure periods between flowering and harvest due to the low temperatures, but exhibited higher mass than those formed in 2014. The CI index was only 1.38 in 2013 and 1.00 in 2014 (p<0.05). On the colder days of 2013 and 2014, bagging raised peel temperature 1.91 and 3.17°C, respectively. The bagging material influenced yield, the accumulation of nutrients in fruits and the hue angle of peel. Double paper promoted fruits with more yellow peel.

scholarly journals Effect of bunch protection material and bagging time on the yield of 'Nanica' banana and chilling control

2020 ◽  
pp. 574-580
Author(s):  
Juliana Domingues Lima ◽  
Eric Watzke Engelking ◽  
Danilo Eduardo Rozane ◽  
Eduardo Nardini Gomes ◽  
Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Thickness

The bagging of banana bunch can control chilling injury (CI) in the field, which causes browning of banana peel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing the bunch protection material and bagging time on the yield of 'Nanica' banana (AAA) and the occurrence of CI. The experiment was conducted in Jacupiranga, SP, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized design arranged in a 2 x 2 x 6 factorial scheme with eight replicates, two bunch formation periods (autumn-winter and winter-spring), two bagging times (early, before the opening of bracts, and late, after complete opening) and six treatments. Treatments were polyethylene bags with different thickness (blue bags of 3µ in thickness and black bags of 6, 8 and 10µ in thickness combined with white non-woven fabric, black bag of 10µ in thickness combined with blue polyethylene bag 5μ in thickness impregnated with insecticide) and non-bagged banana. The change of sunlight transmission with black polyethylene bags of different thickness promoted a small increase in fruit peel temperature (0.14 to 0.57°C) on colder days (8.72°C), reduced CI index and improved peel brightness (L*) and ho (hue angle), although it did not affect bunch mass. However, in late winter, sunburn increased fruit losses. Sunlight transmission in fruit peel was correlated with CI index (r=0.92*), L* (r =-0.77*) and phenols (r=0.85*). Despite not controlling CI, early bagging is recommended for increasing peel L*.

scholarly journals Alleviation of chilling injury in postharvest banana with protection materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
J.D. Lima, D.E. Rozane, E.N. Gomes, Silvia H.M.G. da Silva ◽  
R.A. Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
And Control

Storage of bananas at low temperature is limited due to the development of chilling injury (CI). The purpose of this paper was to investigate the influence of different protection materials on occurrence of CI and the characteristics of banana in postharvest. Current paper also investigated temperatures variations in bags. The experiments were conducted with fruits of Musa spp., cultivars Prata (AAB) and Nanica (AAA). Comprised a completely randomized 2x3x6 factorial design, two cultivars, three temperatures (5°C or 10°C for 10 hours and 20°C constant) and five protection materials (blue transparent polyethylene, white non-woven fabric, white opaque polyethylene, bubble wrap, white laminated non-woven fabric) and control (without protection). The different protection materials kept the temperature inside at 1°C higher than environment. The critical temperature for occurrence of chilling injury was 5ºC for ‘Prata’ banana and 10ºC for ‘Nanica’ banana. White laminated non-woven fabric induced lower CI index and tended to maintain the peel color characteristics (L*, C* and ho) higher, compared to other protection materials. ‘Nanica’ fruits stored at 20ºC bagged with white laminated non-woven fabric exhibited lower incidence of Crown rot. Other physicochemical characteristics evaluated were not influenced by low temperature and protection material, only by cultivar.

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
D Kc ◽  
H Giri ◽  
M Saud ◽  
M Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

scholarly journals Infestation of froghopper nymphs changes the amounts of total phenolics in sugarcane

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael José Navas da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Rossini Guimarães ◽  
José Francisco Garcia ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Machado Botelho ◽  
Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The increased rate of sugarcane harvest without previous burn has provided a very favorable environment to the froghopper Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854), with high moisture and low temperature variation. Few works have studied the response of sugarcane to this pest, so little is known about resistant cultivars. Plant phenolics are widely studied compounds because of their known antiherbivore effect. This research aims to determine if the attack of M. fimbriolata nymphs stimulates the accumulation of total phenolics in sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse and arranged in completely randomized design, in a 3 X 2 X 4 factorial with three replications. Second instar nymphs of M. fimbriolata were infested at the following rates: control, 2-4 and 4-8 nymphs per pot (first-second infestations, respectively). Pots were covered with nylon net and monitored daily to isolate the effect of leaf sucking adults. Leaf and root samples were collected and kept frozen in liquid nitrogen until analyses. Infested plants showed higher levels of phenolics in both root and leaf tissues. In roots, the cultivar SP80-1816 accumulated more phenolic compounds in response to the infestation of M. fimbriolata. On the other hand, higher levels were found in leaves and roots of control plants of SP86-42, which might be an indication of a non-preference mechanism. The increase of total phenolics in sugarcane infested with root-sucking froghopper nymphs does not seem to be useful to detect the resistance to this pest.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among elderly residents of São Paulo city, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2275-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma de Almeida Busch Mendes ◽  
Moisés Goldbaum ◽  
Neuber José Segri ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Chester Luiz Galvão César ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among the elderly. The survey analyzed data from 872 elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, through a cluster sampling, stratified according to education and income. A Poisson multiple regression model checked for the existence of factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among the elderly was 46.9%. Variables associated with hypertension were self-rated health, alcohol consumption, gender, and hospitalization in the last year, regardless of age. The three most common measures taken to control hypertension, but only rarely, are oral medication, routine salt-free diet and physical activity. Lifestyle and socioeconomic status did not affect the practice of control, but knowledge about the importance of physical activity was higher among those older people with higher education and greater income. The research suggests that health policies that focus on primary care to encourage lifestyle changes among the elderly are necessary.

scholarly journals Effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical and microbiological properties of costeño cheese

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 8007-8014 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Serpa ◽  
Tulia I. Pérez ◽  
Elvis J. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of costeño cheese was determined. A completely randomized design was conducted, three treatments (T) and three replicates: Treatment 1 (T1): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk without starter cultures, Treatment 2 (T2): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus cremoris (1:1) and Treatment 3 (T3): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris and Streptococcus thermophillus(0.5:0.5:1). Treatments were compared to a control sample that was prepared with raw milk without starter cultures. Concentration of 1.5% (v/v) of culture was used in relation to the amount of used milk in each treatment. Moisture content was higher in all treatments compared to the control and protein and fat content were significantly lower. Acidity was significantly higher in samples from T2 y T3 compared to T1 and control, due to the metabolism of starter cultures. Total coliforms, yeast and mold counts showed a significant reduction due to pasteurization process in all treatments. Regarding sensorial analysis, hedonic test showed a greater preference in cheese manufactured with T2 (P<0.05). There were no significant preferences between T1, T3 and control. Additionally, yield was significantly higher with T1 (22%) and T3 (23%) compared to control.

scholarly journals INCENTIVES AND ENTRENCHMENT IN BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES: EVIDENCE FROM COOPERATIVES IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Massaki Yonemura ◽  
Davi Rogério De Moura Costa
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
And Control

Agricultural cooperatives are economic organizations that arise due to market failures and that adopt relevant roles in the organization of producers in different countries around the world. Research on the corporate governance of these organizations is abundant due the peculiarities of their structure and property rights. In Brazil, studies in this area are infrequent and in need of furtherexplanation. The aims of the present study were to identify and characterize the incentive mechanisms (remuneration) used by agricultural cooperatives and, in addition, to determine if they have an effect on the president’s longevity in office in agricultural cooperatives. The study was conducted by considering the different models of corporate governance and analyzing a sample of cooperatives from the State of São Paulo. The methodology asked for access to the bylaws, Minutes of general assembly s (MoGA) and registration forms, available for download on the website of the CommercialCouncil of the State of Sao Paulo (JUCESP). The sample consisted of data from 49 agricultural cooperatives. The results indicate that larger cooperatives tend to develop governance structures that separate ownership and control. Moreover, these organizations have the best-paid presidents.In general, apparently there is a positive relationship between entrenchment and remuneration and company size. These exploratory results identify interesting elements for further researchon cooperative governance. However, the methodological challenges for determining causalitymust be overcome by research designed to demonstrate the effect of remuneration on entrenchmentof the president and its effect on the performance of the cooperative.

scholarly journals Integrated management of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees): associating chemical control tools and plant physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Avelino Faleiro ◽  
Diego Martins Chiapinotto ◽  
Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Schaedler ◽  
Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Resource Conditions ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides use in the control of tough lovegrass according to the availability of solar radiation and the presence or absence of flooded. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2x4 and 2x2x5 factorial scheme, where factor A was equivalent to the environment (natural or reduced radiation); factor B to water condition (with a 2 cm flooded or without); and, factor C the herbicides: cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), cyhalofop butyl + glyphosate (315 g ha-1 + 1080 g ha-1) and control (without application) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the herbicides used were cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 g ha-1) and control (without application). Glyphosate efficiently controls plants of tough lovegrass with four tillers (>90%), being superior to cyhalofop, imazethapyr and sethoxydim; independently, of resource conditions. Reduction in the availability of solar radiation generates less shoot dry mass production from the weed, and improves the control only by imazethapyr and cyhalofop. In general, a flooded condition does not affect tough lovegrass control by herbicides.

scholarly journals Efecto del extracto acuoso de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus L. en la propagación por esquejes de Jatropha curcas L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Luan Hamilton de Souzaa ◽  
Lucas Lafratta Calandrelli ◽  
José Luis Soto Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
And Control

<p><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>Este estudio se realizó en la UNESP de campus de Isla Solteira - São Paulo (Brasil), en condiciones de invernadero bajo condiciones controladas. El objetivo fue estudiar la inducción de enraizamiento de esquejes de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) mediante la aplicación de diferentes concentraciones de extractos acuosos de tubérculos de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) en comparación con la aplicación de la auxina sintética Ácido indolbutírico (AIB). El experimento fue instalado en 15/10/2011, utilizando un diseño experimental completamente al azar con 4 tratamientos (tubérculos de pinhão-manso 25g por 0,5 L; 1,0 L y 1,5 L de agua destilada. Ácido indolbutírico en polvo en una concentración de 1000 ppm) con un testigo. Se realizó el experimento con tres repeticiones por tratamiento y 10 esquejes por repetición, por un total de 150 esquejes. Los esquejes de pinhão-manso se estandarizaron con 10 cm de largo y 6.9 mm de diámetro. Posteriormente se sumergieron en los extractos de tiririca durante 30 minutos y se luego fue incorporada la auxina sintética en polvo (AIB) en la base de los esquejes. El plantío fue realizado en recipientes con substrato. 60 días después de la instalación del experimento se evaluó el porcentaje de esquejes enraizados, número de raíces por cada esqueje, longitud máxima raíz emitida por esquejes y el peso de la masa de materia fresa seca de las raíces. Se concluyó que el extracto acuoso tiririca en la concentración de 25g por 1.5L de agua destilada proporciono el mayor porcentaje de esquejes enraizados; sin embargo la AIB en la concentración de 1000 ppm proporciono raíces en mayor número y más vigorosa.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>RESUMO</strong></p><p>Este trabalho foi realizado na UNESP de Ilha Solteira – São Paulo (Brasil), em casa de vegetação, sob condições controladas. O objetivo foi estudar a indução do enraizamento de estacas de pinhão-manso (<em>Jatropha curcas</em> L.) com a aplicação de diferentes concentrações de extratos aquosos de tubérculos de tiririca (<em>Cyperus rotundus</em> L.) em comparação com a aplicação de auxina sintética (ácido indolbutírico). O experimento foi instalado no dia 15/10/2011, utilizando delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados nos 4 tratamentos (25g de tubérculos de tiririca por 0,5 L, 1,0 L e 1,5 L de água destilada. E AIB em pó, na concentração de 1000 ppm) e testemunha, com três repetições por tratamento e 10 estacas por repetição, totalizando 150 estacas. As estacas de pinhão-manso foram padronizadas com 10 cm de comprimento e 6 a 9 mm de diâmetro. Posteriormente foram imersas nos extratos de tiririca por 30 minutos, e aplicado auxina sintética, AIB em pó, na base das estacas. O plantio foi em jardineiras contendo substrato. Aos 60 dias após a instalação do experimento, foram avaliadas a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes por estaca, comprimento da maior raiz emitida por estacas, e massa da matéria fresca e seca das raízes. Concluiu-se que o extrato aquoso de tiririca na diluição 25g por 1,5L de água destilada, proporcionou maior porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, porém o AIB 1000 ppm produziu raízes em maior número e mais vigorosas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study was conducted at UNESP of Single Island - Sao Paulo (Brazil), in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. The aim was to study the induction of rooting pinhão-manso <em>Jatropha curcas</em> L. by applying different concentrations of aqueous extracts of tiririca <em>Cyperus rotundus</em> L. compared with the application of synthetic auxin (IBA). The experiment was installed on 15/10/2011, using completely randomized experimental design in 4 treatments (25g nutsedge tubers by 0.5 L, 1.0 L and 1.5 L of distilled water. And AIB powder, at 1000 ppm) and control with three replicates per treatment and 10 cuttings per replication, totaling 150 cuttings. The pinhão-manso cuttings were standardized with 10 cm long and 6-9 mm in diameter. Subsequently they were immersed in sedge extracts for 30 minutes and applied synthetic auxin, AIB powder at the base of the cuttings. The plantation was in bib containing substrate. 60 days after the installation of the experiment were evaluated the percentage of rooting, number of roots per cutting, length of roots emitted by cuttings, and fresh weight and dry roots. It was concluded that the aqueous extract of sedge dilution 25g for 1.5L of distilled water showed higher percentage of rooted cuttings, but IBA 1000 ppm produced roots in greater numbers and more vigorous.</p>

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