scholarly journals Conceptual Metaphors and Rhetoric in Barack Obama’s and Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Discourse in Africa and Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irungu Wageche ◽  
Changhai Chi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy

This paper examines the use of conceptual metaphors in Barack Obama’s and Xi Jinping’s diplomatic discourse in both Africa and Europe. Drawing on four speeches, this paper begins by examining the pervasiveness of metaphor utility in the speeches by using Pragglejazz Metaphor Identification Procedure. This paper examines the underlying concepts in the identified metaphors by using Lakoff and Johnson conceptual metaphor framework. Finally, this paper examines the significance of conceptual metaphors as a rhetorical strategy in diplomatic discourse. This paper found out that both Barack Obama and Xi Jinping employed an exceptionally high number of metaphors in their discourse in Africa and Europe. We found out that metaphors used by each leader do form an underlying concept. Barack Obama’s diplomatic discourse embodies journey metaphors while Xi Jinping’s diplomatic discourse embodies nature metaphors. The paper illustrates how both leaders draw on neutral lexical units such as distance, crossroads, pace, path, water, lions, mountains, wells, et cetera and charge them with metaphors as a rhetorical strategy in order to draw African and European audiences closer to their primary message.

scholarly journals Going Up Is Always Good: A Multimodal Analysis of Metaphors in a TV Ad with FILMIP, the Filmic Metaphor Identification Procedure

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Lorena Bort-Mir
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Tv Commercial

Conceptual Metaphor Theory developed by Lakoff & Johnson (1980) suggested that we use metaphors to evaluate and communicate in our various environments. Although metaphors encompass a large variety of taxonomies, orientational metaphors are those that rely on spatial position to map concepts into other ones, referring to a relation of valence and verticality. Stated by Kövecses (2010) conceptual metaphors such orientational ones draw ‘upward’ and ‘downward’ spatial positions in which ‘upward’ is usually referred to as having positive connotations, whereby their opposites, ‘downwards’, are understood as negative. This paper seeks to unveil how the orientational metaphor good is up is employed in a filmic narrative of a language learning application for technological devices named Babbel. The present analysis is developed under the application of FILMIP (Filmic Metaphor Identification Procedure, Bort-Mir 2019). In the analyzed narrative, the orientational metaphor good is up is represented in the Babbel TV commercial (2018) as a tool for persuading customers that the best way of escalating positions at work is by learning new languages. This analysis demonstrates how orientational metaphors in multimodal media emerge as a convenient device for marketing campaigns in the context of social status improvement.

scholarly journals Metaphorical Expression of the Word Anger in the Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA)

HUMANIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Kartika Sari ◽  
I Nyoman Aryawibawa ◽  
Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
American English ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Metaphorical Expression

Metaphors are used to create poetic impression in poems or poetry. However, linguist disagree this idea and they believe that metaphors are not used for language style of poems or poetry only, but they believe that people also use them in their daily language. This study is entitled Metaphorical Expression of the Word Anger in the Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). The data source was taken from corpus of contemporary American English (COCA) using keyword of anger in Keyword in the Context (KWIC) as the main data. The theories used in this study were theory proposed by Lakoff & Johnson (1998) to identify the conceptual metaphor, Pragglejaz’s MIP (Metaphor Identification Procedure) and Steen’s five steps to identify the metaphor in the context. The result shown that all conceptual metaphors were found in this study, such as structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, ontological metaphor and personification.

Analysing Media Discourse: The Case of Conceptual Metaphors in Football News Headlines in English and Arabic

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Alzawaydeh ◽  
Sharif Alghazo
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
News Headlines

This study explores the use of conceptual metaphors in football news headlines in English and Arabic. It aims to find the similarities and/or differences between English and Arabic in respect of the identified metaphorical concepts. The corpus of the study consists of two samples: one in Arabic (n = 200) and another in English (n = 200). The metaphor identification procedure of Pragglejaz Group (2007) was used to identify the metaphors in the corpus. Two native speakers of Arabic and two native speakers of English assessed the researchers’ categorization and classification in the two samples. The findings revealed that the most predominant conceptual metaphor used in the English and Arabic headlines was FOOTBALL IS WAR and that there is a great similarity between the two languages in respect of the use of conceptual metaphors. The findings also indicate that the Arabic headlines tended to include a more metaphorical tune than the English ones. The study concludes with some implications for a better understanding of the connection between the two languages and their respective cultures.  

Metaphor, Cognition, Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kövecses
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Culture And Cognition ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

The chapter reports on work concerned with the issue of how conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) functions as a link between culture and cognition. Three large areas are investigated to this effect. First, work on the interaction between conceptual metaphors, on the one hand, and folk and expert theories of emotion, on the other, is surveyed. Second, the issue of metaphorical universality and variation is addressed, together with that of the function of embodiment in metaphor. Third, a contextualist view of conceptual metaphors is proposed. The discussion of these issues leads to a new and integrated understanding of the role of metaphor and metonymy in creating cultural reality and that of metaphorical variation across and within cultures, as well as individuals.

Once Upon a Time in the Realm of Notions : The Conceptualisation of Novak Djokovic-Inspired Personality Shifts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Nenad Blaženović ◽  
Emir Muhić
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Player ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Metaphor Theory

An analysis was carried out with two interviews given by the tennis-player Novak Djokovic, one of which was in English and the other in his native Serbian. In both instances, Novak Djokovic used many conceptual metaphors throughout his speech, some of which were analysed in more detail. The main premise of the research was that people’s personalities change in accordance with language they speak at any given time and that they use different conceptual metaphors to describe the same events in different languages. The aim of the paper was to investigate whether personality shift in bilingual speakers can be observed through the speaker’s use of conceptual metaphors in different languages. Through the framework of conceptual metaphor theory, it was shown that Djokovic’s personality does change with the language he speaks. This change was shown through the conceptual metaphors, i.e., source and target domains that Djokovic used during the interviews. He does indeed use different source domains to conceptualise the same target domains in different languages.

scholarly journals A Cognitive Approach to EkeGusii Pop Songs

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Victor Ondara Ntabo ◽  
Moses Gatambuki Gathigia ◽  
Naom Moraa Nyarigoti
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Great Chain Of Being ◽  
Folk Conception ◽  
Different Levels

A review of literature on pop songs reveals that composers use metaphors to communicate their feelings. In particular, the meaning of the metaphors in EkeGusii pop songs needs to be interpreted to reveal the message of the composers. The EkeGusii pop singer Christopher Mosioma’s (Embarambamba) songs have gained fame in Kenya because of their richness in the usage of metaphors. One of Christopher Mosioma’s songs, amasomo (education) which was launched in 2015 has gained acclaim from Kenyans. The song amasomo (education) is basically presented as a piece of advice to students to embrace education in order to optimally reap from its benefits. The study identified 10 metaphors in the song amasomo (education) through the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit. In order to interpret the metaphors in the EkeGusii pop song amasomo (education), the Conceptual Metaphor Theory complemented by the folk conception of the generic Great Chain of Being Metaphor were employed. The study employed four coders (including the researchers) in the identification of the metaphors. The study found that, inter alia, animal, plant and object metaphors are used in the song amasomo (education). The study concludes that the metaphors in the EkeGusii pop songs belong inherently to different levels of the generic Great Chain of Being Metaphor.

scholarly journals Semantic-discursive functions of linguistic expression that materialize conceptual metaphor in discurse genres

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (spe) ◽  
pp. 571-585
Author(s):  
Lucienne C. Espíndola
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
The Everyday

This work aims at presenting some results of the research developed in the Project named Metaphor, Discursive Genre and Argumentation (MGDA) which has the purpose of describing linguistic expressions that materialize conceptual metaphors in several discursive genres, searching for the identification of the semantic-discursive function(s) of such expressions. The researches were done by my students and me and the present results reveal some discursive functions not seen in the literature so far: the presence of metaphorical expressions that materialize conceptual metaphors with the function of approaching the advertiser to the interlocutor in publicity and linguistic expressions that literalize the everyday life conceptual metaphor, producing laughter in humor, among other semantic-discursive functions.

scholarly journals Conceptual Metaphors in Paramore’s After Laughter Album

Lexicon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Melinda Pramudita ◽  
Sharifah Hanidar
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Song Lyrics

This research aims to classify the conceptual metaphors in Paramore’s After Laughter (2017) album. The data for the research were taken from 11 songs in the album After Laughter. The data were analyzed using Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) theory of conceptual metaphor. From the 11 songs, 47 data were identified containing conceptual metaphors. Overall, the data mostly consist of orientational metaphors. There were 37 data containing orientational metaphors, which are used by the songwriters to convey to their listeners that they had experienced ups and downs in their lives. Eight structural metaphors were used to deliver the message that life is full of challenges and struggle. However, it also conveys a lesson of the most genuine forgiveness. Only 2 data containing ontological metaphors were found. The conceptual metaphors depict the devastation in their lives, as it is tangible through human imagination and has human characteristics. By using conceptual metaphors in the song lyrics, the songwriters enable the listeners to acknowledge the message, as well as the story that they meant to convey.

scholarly journals Conceptual Metaphor of Eliot’s Waste Land Versus Al-Sayyab’s Rain Song

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ayed Ibrahim Ayassrah ◽  
Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
The Waste Land ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Logical Mapping ◽  
Modern Arabic

Of the rhetorical tools, metaphor still has insufficient interest, primarily as a crosscultural phenomenon though it is an attractive and vivid area, so it should be studied and highlighted (Suhadi, 2018) and (Barton, 2017). This comparative study investigated the conceptual metaphor in modern Arabic versus English poetry with reference to Al-Sayyab and T. S. Eliot as two poles of modern poetry in Arabic and English. This study tried to shed light on the frequency of the conceptual metaphors in Al-Sayyab’s The Rain Song versus Eliot’s The Waste Land. Besides, it aimed to explore the similarities and differences between the two poems in using the CMT orientational ’Up’ and ’Down’ strategy. However, to accomplish its aims, this study adopted Lakoff and Jonson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory ’CMT’ (1980); this theory asserted that metaphor is an inborn mental system in which we understand a certain concept in terms of another by drawing a logical mapping between the source domain and the target one. Finally, the study found that modern poetry was wealthy of conceptual metaphors. It also discovered that The Rain Song involved 65.29% conceptual metaphors of its total lines, so it exceeded The Waste Land which comprised only 39.40%. Furthermore, the study revealed that the two poems were generally pessimistic in which the ’Down’ domain exceeded the ’Up’ one in each poem. Also, it detected that Eliot was more pessimistic than Al Sayyab who was more optimistic.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR OF SETYA NOVANTO’S CASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Sintia Purnama ◽  
Muhammad Akbar Nurhakim
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

This research is entitled Conceptual Metaphors of Setya Novanto'case; In the newspaper. The purpose of this research is to know the meaning and function of the metaphor, this study also tries to find out the conceptualizations of politics. In this case, the author uses the theory of Lakoff and Johnson. Data were taken from 4 news from people's mind newspaper Tuesday 28 November 2017, Kompas daily pad Monday 20 November 2017, new compass on 22 November 2017 and people's mind on 20 November 2017 . in this research the writer use a qualitative research Method. Which all of the data are they presented descriptively. From the analysis, the result found 4 political discourses in conceptual metaphor in the newspaper about Setya Novanto cases. From 175 metaphorical statements, the researcher found 55 metaphors. that is found 45 % as objects or goods that can be traded.30 % politics as a battle,10% as a war and 15 % as a race. It shows that in the political discourses.Keywords:      Newspaper, Conceptual, Metaphor, Setya Novanto’s case.

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