scholarly journals Analyzing Costs of Space Debris Removal in Basis of Three Kinds of Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Jialin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Water Jet Cutting ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Capture Method ◽  
Dangerous Place ◽  
The Cost

The number of different space debris on the orbits around the earth has gotten more and more attentions. These debris pieces put spacecraft in a dangerous place. We built a model based on the problems of the space debris’ removal, discussing the cost of the three common methods (ground-based laser removing, water jet cutting and net-capture) for removing the debris. First we used the Monte Carlo to simulate the space debris’ number and speed. Then we built models for the three common methods respectively, explored the removing efficiency of different size of debris and their cost for removing a unit volume of the debris. Finally we find that The laser removing method is suiTable for medium-sized debris with the diameter less than 10cm, the water jet method is suiTable for large-sized debris with the diameter within 10cm and 1400cm, the net-capture method is suiTable for super-large-sized debris with diameter bigger than 1400cm. Also, we analyzed the advantages and shortcoming of each method.

scholarly journals Analysis of the advantages of an aerodynamic compensator in contactless space debris removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
A.A. Fokov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Khoroshylov ◽  
D.S. Svorobin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Low Earth Orbits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Propellant Consumption

A modified scheme of the known technology for contactless space debris removal, which is called Ion Beam Shepherd, is considered. This scheme uses an aerodynamic compensator in order to reduce the propellant consumption of the additional electrojet thruster of the shepherd spacecraft. The thruster serves to compensate the spacecraft motion caused by the action of the main electrojet thruster, whose ion plume “brakes” the space debris object. The aerodynamic compensator significantly increases the spacecraft cross-sectional area compared to the space debris object one. This fact, together with the aerodynamic perturbations acting in the direction perpendicular to the orbital plane, calls for estimating the propellant consumption of the control system thruster to maintain the required position of the spacecraft relative to the space debris object in that direction. The goal of this article is to identify the advantages of using the aerodynamic compensator in space debris removal from low Earth orbits using the Ion Beam Shepherd technology. The tasks of the study are to estimate the reduction in the cost of the momentum of the additional electrojet thruster during contactless space debris object de-orbiting due to the use of the aerodynamic compensator and the additional cost of the momentum of the thruster of the spacecraft – space debris object relative position control system to correct deviations perpendicular to the orbital plane. Using a number of simplifying assumptions, integral estimates of these costs are obtained. Using these cost estimates, it is shown that the use of an aerodynamic compensator is advantageous in terms of the cost of the saved electrojet thruster propellant (xenon) regardless of the type of the spacecraft control system thruster.

scholarly journals The Ad Hoc Back-End of the BIRALET Radar to Measure Slant-Range and Doppler Shift of Resident Space Objects

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Luca Schirru ◽  
Tonino Pisanu ◽  
Angelo Podda
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Slant Range ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Resident Space Objects ◽  
Potential Issue

Space debris is a term for all human-made objects orbiting the Earth or reentering the atmosphere. The population of space debris is continuously growing and it represents a potential issue for active satellites and spacecraft. New collisions and fragmentation could exponentially increase the amount of debris and so the level of risk represented by these objects. The principal technique used for the debris monitoring, in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) between 200 km and 2000 km of altitude, is based on radar systems. The BIRALET system represents one of the main Italian radars involved in resident space objects observations. It is a bi-static radar, which operates in the P-band at 410–415 MHz, that uses the Sardinia Radio Telescope as receiver. In this paper, a detailed description of the new ad hoc back-end developed for the BIRALET radar, with the aim to perform slant-range and Doppler shift measurements, is presented. The new system was successfully tested in several validation measurement campaigns, the results of which are reported and discussed.

Electromagnetic-launch-based method for cost-efficient space debris removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Chongyuan Hou ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Yikang Yang ◽  
Kaizhong Yang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Orbit Space ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Electromagnetic Launch ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Electromagnetic Launcher ◽  
Cost Efficient

AbstractThe increase in space debris orbiting Earth is a critical problem for future space missions. Space debris removal has thus become an area of interest, and significant research progress is being made in this field. However, the exorbitant cost of space debris removal missions is a major concern for commercial space companies. We therefore propose the debris removal using electromagnetic launcher (DREL) system, a ground-based electromagnetic launch system (railgun), for space debris removal missions. The DREL system has three components: a ground-based electromagnetic launcher (GEML), suborbital vehicle (SOV), and mass of micrometer-scale dust (MSD) particles. The average cost of removing a piece of low-earth orbit space debris using DREL was found to be approximately USD 160,000. The DREL method is thus shown to be economical; the total cost to remove more than 2,000 pieces of debris in a cluster was only approximately USD 400 million, compared to the millions of dollars required to remove just one or two pieces of debris using a conventional space debris removal mission. By using DREL, the cost of entering space is negligible, thereby enabling countries to remove their space debris in an affordable manner.

scholarly journals Effect of the Rock Stress on the Water Jet Cutting Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Battista Grosso ◽  
Valentina Dentoni ◽  
Augusto Bortolussi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
The State ◽  
Cutting Performance ◽  
Lagrangian Analysis ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Water Jet Cutting ◽  
Cutting Rate ◽  
Available Technology

AbstractUnderground quarrying is rarely adopted for granite extraction due to the difficulties in the implementation of traditional technologies (drilling and explosive). As alternative to drilling and explosive, the combination of diamond wire and water jet seems to be the most promising available technology. The cutting performance achievable with the water jet technology depends on the operative parameters, the material characteristics and the state of stress within the rock massif. To assess the effect of the state of stress on the cutting rate, laboratory tests have been performed with an oscillating water jet machine on granite samples subjected to a static load. The stress distribution in the layer of rock to be removed has been evaluated by numerical simulation with the FLAC code (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua). The correlation between the results of the cutting tests and the numerical models of the rock samples has been inferred. Starting from a conceptual model, which theoretically describes the relationship between the cutting rate and the stress, a step function was defined that indicates the ranges of stress where predefined values of the cutting rate are workable.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Cost Functions in Climate-Dependent Controllable Loads in Commercial Environments

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Daniel Losada ◽  
Ameena Al-Sumaiti ◽  
Sergio Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Density Estimator ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Method ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
The Cost

This article presents the development, simulation and validation of the uncertainty cost functions for a commercial building with climate-dependent controllable loads, located in Florida, USA. For its development, statistical data on the energy consumption of the building in 2016 were used, along with the deployment of kernel density estimator to characterize its probabilistic behavior. For validation of the uncertainty cost functions, the Monte-Carlo simulation method was used to make comparisons between the analytical results and the results obtained by the method. The cost functions found differential errors of less than 1%, compared to the Monte-Carlo simulation method. With this, there is an analytical approach to the uncertainty costs of the building that can be used in the development of optimal energy dispatches, as well as a complementary method for the probabilistic characterization of the stochastic behavior of agents in the electricity sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document