scholarly journals Determinants of Long-Term Unemployment in Brazil in 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Elano F. Arruda ◽  
Daniel B. Guimarães ◽  
Ivan Castelar ◽  
Pablo U. C. Castelar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
The North ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Using Data

This work analyzes the determinants of the probability of a Brazilian worker being unemployed for more than a year, using data from the 2013 National Household Survey (PNAD) and applying a probit model. The results show a lower chance of remaining jobless of males, heads of households, those who declared themselves black, younger people, those who completed higher education or are in the process of acquiring it, and residents of the Southeast and South regions of Brazil. The probabilistic scenarios show that the Brazilian workers least likely to remain unemployed for over a year are males, residents in the South or Southeast region, heads of a household, between 36 and 45 years of age, with higher education, with only a 0.6% chance of remaining in that condition. On the other hand, the workers with the highest chance of remaining unemployed are females, between 46 and 65 years old, residents in the North region, illiterate and not household heads, with a 41% probability of remaining unemployed.

scholarly journals Do Long-Term Natural Disasters Influence Social Trust? Empirical Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7280
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Haoyang Li ◽  
Jianqing Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

The natural environment is one of the most critical factors that profoundly influences human races. Natural disasters may have enormous effects on individual psychological characteristics. Using China’s long-term historical natural disaster dataset from 1470 to 2000 and data from a household survey in 2012, we explore whether long-term natural disasters affect social trust. We find that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between long-term natural disaster frequency and social trust. We further examine the impact of long-term natural disaster frequency on social trust in specific groups of people. Social trust in neighbors and doctors is stronger where long-term natural disasters are more frequent. Our results are robust after we considering the geographical difference. The effect of long-term natural disasters remains positively significant after we divide the samples based on geographical location. Interestingly, the impact of long-term flood frequency is only significant in the South and the impact of long-term drought frequency is only significant in the North.

Cannabis Growers in the United States: Findings From a National Household Survey 2010−2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110004
Author(s):  
Alejandro Azofeifa ◽  
Rosalie L. Pacula ◽  
Margaret E. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Using Data

Given the rapidly changing U.S. cannabis legislation landscape, the aim of this article is to describe individuals who self-reported growing cannabis in the past year by selected characteristics and geographical location. Using data from 2010 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we conducted bivariate chi-square tests and ran a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the indicators associated with growing cannabis. Approximately, 484,000 individuals aged 12+ self-reported growing cannabis in the past year (1.6% of marijuana users). Predictors of growing cannabis included being male and self-reported reporting using cannabis for a greater number of days. Data showed differences in the proportion of cannabis growers by the state of residence. Obtaining a baseline estimate of cannabis growing practices prior to recreational cannabis markets emerging (2014) is important because such practices may undermine efforts to discourage diversion to youth. Tracking these acquisition patterns will better inform content for public health messaging and prevention education, particularly those targeting youth.

scholarly journals Expanding higher education and wage inequality in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-889
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi Murakami ◽  
Tomokazu Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Structure Effect ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Using Data

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the contribution of the expansion and diversification of higher education to Chile's increase in wage inequality from 1992 to 2000 and its subsequent decrease from 2000 to 2013.Design/methodology/approachThe wage equation for each year is estimated using data from the national household survey, Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN). Using the method proposed by Firpo et al. (2009), the evolution of wage changes is decomposed into composition and wage structure effects of each explanatory variable at different points of the wage distribution.FindingsThe results show that the positive composition effect of higher education, derived from the increasing share of both workers with university degrees and those with vocational degrees, is substantially larger at the upper quantiles and exceeds the negative wage structure effect, thereby contributing to increasing wage inequality from 1992 to 2000. By contrast, the negative wage structure effect of higher education, primarily derived from the decreasing return to university degrees, is substantially larger at the upper quantiles and exceeds the positive composition effect, thereby contributing to decreasing wage inequality from 2000 to 2013.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by showing that the expansion of higher education increased inequality in the 1990s and decreased it in the 2000s while the increasing supply of workers with vocational degrees decreased wage premiums for university degrees in the latter period.

Inequality of opportunity among Indonesian school children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-144
Author(s):  
Indra Indra ◽  
Suahasil Nazara ◽  
Djoni Hartono ◽  
Sudarno Sumarto
Keyword(s):  
Basic Needs ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Inequality Of Opportunity ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Observation Period

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the inequality of opportunity among Indonesian school-age children from 2002 to 2012. It focuses on the possibilities of accessing basic needs, such as primary education, secondary education, electricity and clean water. Design/methodology/approach This paper used three interrelated indicators, namely, coverage access rate, dissimilarity index and human opportunity index. It also applied Shapley decomposition to measure the contributions of each determinant of inequality opportunities. These data were obtained from the National Household Survey conducted in 2002-2012. Findings This study revealed that the level of access to all basic needs, except clean water, was likely to increase with even distribution during the observation period. Moreover, the decomposition results showed that the education of household heads, household income and region (rural-urban) were the main contributors to the total inequality of opportunity. Originality/value This study on the inequality of opportunity is interesting, for it is tightly related to inequality of outcome, i.e. income, expenditure and wealth. It is arguable that the inequality of outcome, nowadays, is a reflection of the past inequality in basic opportunities. Thus, the exploration of potential inequality drivers begins to be increasingly important, as it can assist the policymakers in drawing effective policies to repress the increasing trend of future inequality.

scholarly journals Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela F Silveira ◽  
Cristian T Tonial ◽  
Ana Goretti K Maranhão ◽  
Antonia MS Teixeira ◽  
Pedro C Hallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Childhood Immunizations ◽  
The North ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
National Household Survey

AbstractIntroductionThere is widespread concern that disruption to health services during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to declines in immunization coverage among young children, but there is limited information on the magnitude of such impact.MethodsWe used data from two nationwide sources covering the whole of Brazil. Data from the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SIPNI) on the monthly number of vaccine doses administered to young children were analyzed. The second source was a survey in 133 large cities in the 27 states in the country, carried out from August 24-27. Respondents answered a question on whether children under the age of three years had missed any scheduled vaccinations during the pandemic, and available vaccination cards were photographed for later examination.ResultsSIPNI data showed that, relative to January and February 2020, there was a decline of about 20% in vaccines administered to children aged two months or older during March and April, when social distancing was at the highest level in the country. After May, vaccination levels returned to pre-pandemic values. Survey data, based on the interviews and on examination of the vaccine cards, showed that 19.0% (95% CI 17.0;21.1%) and 20.6% (95% CI 19.0;23.1%) of children, respectively, had missed immunizations. Missed doses were most common in the North (Amazon) region and least common in the South and Southeast, and also more common among children from poor than from wealthy families.InterpretationOur results show that the pandemic was associated with a reduction of about 20% in child vaccinations, but this was reverted in recent months. Children from poor families and from the least developed regions of the country were most affected. There is an urgent need to booster immunization activities in the country to compensate for missed doses, and to reduce geographic and socioeconomic inequalities.

scholarly journals Direction of Causality between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Cengiz Yılmaz ◽  
Banu Demirhan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Using Data

This paper has investigated the causality relationship between financial development and economic growth in Turkey, using data from 2005:04 to 2020:03. We construct a time-series model to explore causality relationships between the variables. In the study, two indicators were used as financial development indicators: banking loans to the private sector and money supply to GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The empirical results have represented a bi-directional relationship between financial development and economic growth in the short run. On the other hand, we have not found a causality relationship in the long term.

scholarly journals Analysis of the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for Epilepsy in Brazilian regions between 2015 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Santos Cruz ◽  
Gabriella Ribeiro de Almeida ◽  
Sávio Miranda Vidal ◽  
Maria Clara Passos Melo ◽  
Mirela de Souza Santa Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Planning ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
World Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Group Sex

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease with the highest incidence in the world, affecting 1.3% of the Brazilian inhabitants. On average, 10% of the world population can be affected by an epileptic seizure. Thus, knowledge of the epidemiology of hospitalizations for epilepsy enables better health planning. Objective: To analyze epidemiology of hospitalizations in Brazil’s regions in 2015-2019. Methods: It is an observational and retrospective study of the descriptive epidemiological profile, using data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/ DATASUS). Variables: year, region, age group, sex and color/race. Results: There were 263,881 hospitalizations from 2015 to 2019 in Brazil. The Southeast region has the highest hospitalization rates between 2015 and 2019, reaching 42.32% of the cases, while the North region has the smallest, adding 5.5% (n = 14,530). In the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations prevails: the male gender, with 57.65% (n = 152,134), surpassing in 36.14% the female gender, with 111,747; the age group of 1-4 years (n = 45,702), exceeding in 378,9% the age group greater than or equal to 80 years (n = 9,543); the brown race, with 36% (n = 94,091), followed by white (34.4%), black (3.8%), yellow (1.2%) and indigenous (0.14%). Conclusion:There was a higher prevalence of hospitalizations for male epilepsy, aged 1-4 years, brown race and in the Southeast region. Therefore, through this study, resolutive actions can be taken in the face of such problems.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH KESEMPATAN KERJA, TINGKAT BEBAN/TANGGUNGAN DAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN DI PROPINSIDATIIJAWA TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Daryono Soebagiyo ◽  
Maulidyah Indira Hasmarini ◽  
Chuzaimah Chuzaimah
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Adjustment Model ◽  
Central Java Province

The objectives of this research are: to analyze influence of employment level, the other population burden level and the education level influences the unemployment in Central Java Province, as well as to find out how big the influence of each variable in short and long term, namely, job opportunity, the other population burden level and the education level i.e. elementary school, secondary school and high school toward unemployment in Central Java. This research was conducted in central Java, with secondary data which supported by the primary data from interviewing result with competent party.This research used Adaptive Expectancy Model as its analysis tools, namely, rationalization model which proposed by Nerlove (as in the Econometrics Gujarati book), namely, called as Stock Adjustment Model or Partial Adjustment Model (PAM)The result of this research acquired is for lower education, labor recruitment still can be done to decrease the unemployment level in the province. While for middle educational level, there is obstacle in recruitment of labors, even though; it still can be overcome because of the little relative. Yet, for the higher education, even though, in this analysis concluded that none of independent variable which used has the significant influence toward the dependent variable of unemployment, this is enabled because the higher education tends to search for the job not only in solely Central Java Province, but also they can search for the job in the other province that has leading sector of effort agreeing with that education. The higher education level is, then the lower the influence of burden level will not influence unemployment level either in short or long term is.

Socio-economic contributors to current cigarette smoking among Iranian household heads: findings from a national household survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Masjedi ◽  
Payam Roshanfekr ◽  
Seyran Naghdi ◽  
Peter Higgs ◽  
Bahram Armoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Heads

Intergenerational Mobility and Long-term Socio-economic Change in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-628
Author(s):  
Ivo C. Havinga ◽  
Faiz Mohammad ◽  
Suleiman I. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changing Society

Development process may entail changes in the socio-economic positions of people from one generation to the other. In Pakistan, no attempt has so far been made to study the lines on which people gain upward mobility or the factors which are involved in this process. This paper is an attempt in this direction. By using data from primary sources, we aim at .explaining the income and wealth positions of Pakistanis from different generations in terms of their endowments of social, human and physical capital and other socio-economic characteristics. The assessment of incidence and nature of such mobility would enable us to identify the processes through which different socio-economic groups attempt to improve their positions in a changing society.

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