scholarly journals Personality Traits and Identity Styles in Methamphetamine-Dependent Women: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Kaveh Hojjat ◽  
Ebrahim Golmakani ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Bayazi ◽  
Razieh Mortazavi ◽  
Mina Norozi Khalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
User Group ◽  
Identity Styles ◽  
Identity Style ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Studies over the past two decades have shown that various personality traits of substance-dependent men measure differently than compared to normal individuals. However fewer studies have addressed the role of identity as an influential factor in the onset and continuation of drug dependency.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The objective of this study was to compare the Big Five personality factors and identity styles in methamphetamine dependent women and non-user group. Forty eight methamphetamine dependent women under treatment in Welfare Organization’s residential centers filled out the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Berzonsky’s Identity Style Inventory. They were compared with 48 non-dependent women who were matched in terms of age, education, marital status, and occupation. Data was analyzed with t student test. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS V.16 software. Differences were considered significant at P&lt;0.05.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Results found that methamphetamine dependent woman had significantly higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience compared to normative sample of female respondents .In addition, mean scores of diffuse/avoidant identity style in methamphetamine user women was significantly higher than non-user group. This is while non-user women had a significantly higher mean in normative identity style.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Identity styles along with personality traits can be a key role in drug use in women in this study. Therefore, enhancing understanding about the role of identity can be helpful in treatment programs especially in harm reduction approaches.<strong></strong></p>

Personality and attitudes towards people with mental disorders: Preliminary studies results

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wolska ◽  
Alicja Malina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory ◽  
Polish Adaptation

Background: The subject of psychological research all over the world is to understand the factors conditioning relationships between healthy people and people with mental disorders. Authors analysing attitudes towards people with mental disorders emphasize the importance of two types of determinants: personality factors and demographic and social variables. Aim: The aim of the research was to determine the interdependencies between personality traits and attitudes towards people with mental disorders, taking into account the moderating role of social distance and demographic and environmental variables. Method: Polish version of Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) – Kwestionariusz Postaw (KP) was used to measure attitudes towards people with mental disorders. Personality traits were measured using the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (FFI) Personality Inventory by Costa and McCrae–Polish Adaptation, and the polish version of the Social Distance Scale was used to measure the declared social distance. In all, 204 people participated in the research: 133 women and 71 men, aged 18–65 years, living in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Greater Poland voivodeships. Results: The results showed that there is a relationship between personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness and an attitude towards people with mental disorders. Social distance, as the proposed moderator, did not significantly change the relationship between the variables. Conclusion: The results of the research have confirmed the important role of personality factors for attitudes, what should be remembered to exploration of presented phenomenon.

scholarly journals Workplace Bullying and Turnover Intention. The Role of Protective versus Vulnerable Personality Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragos Iliescu ◽  
Andreea Butucescu ◽  
Miruna Mutu
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the vulnerability/protection effects of the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, openness, agreeability, conscientiousness, neuroticism) on the relationship between bullying and turnover intention. Specifically, based on the assumption of Vulnerability-Stress Model we propose that bullying will predict turnover intention and that this relationship will increase or decrease in accordance with one’s level of certain personality traits. We collected a Convenience sample of 460 employees. Results of the moderation analysis suggests that bullied employees, as an attempt to coping are more inclined to turnover intentions, as preceded suggested by literature. Furthermore, out of all 5 factors, solely extraversion and agreeableness acts like a protective factor.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

The role of the Big Five personality factors in vigilance performance and workload

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Laurie Rose ◽  
Laura Bennett Murphy ◽  
Lynn Byard ◽  
Katherina Nikzad
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Big Five Personality Factors ◽  
Task Parameters

Using the five‐factor personality model, the present study explored the influence of personality factors on sustained attention and perceived workload. Ninety‐six college‐aged participants were administered a 12 minute vigilance fast event rate task. Following the vigil, participants were asked to first, rate their perceived workload of the task using the NASA‐TLX, and then second, complete the NEO‐PI‐R personality inventory. Traditional measures of hits, false alarms, and reaction times were examined as well as the signal detection indices of perceptual sensitivity and response bias. Extraversion correlated with false alarms (r = 0.181; eta2 = 0.055) and conscientiousness correlated with both false alarms (r = −0.275, eta2 = 0.097) and perceptual sensitivity (r = 0.227, eta2 = 0.052). With regard to perceived workload, neuroticism was related to perceived frustration (r = 0.238, eta2 = 0.057). The findings are discussed in terms of theoretical implications, impact of task parameters, and practical applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals The Role of Personality Associated with In-Hospital Delay in Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenchan Lu ◽  
Caixia Qiu ◽  
Xiangyan Yang ◽  
Honggang Ma ◽  
Shuang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Thrombolytic Therapy ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Effective Strategies

Abstract Background: Decreasing the in-hospital delay is one of the critical effective strategies for thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke. we examined whether physician personality traits are associated with in-hospital delay in conducting treatment of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke among neurologists.Methods: Overall 354 consecutive patients who received intravenous thrombolysis during a 2.5 year-period in emergency department were included. Self-reported questionnaires of the Big Five Inventory and demographic characteristics were distributed among 13 neurologists. Multivariable analysis was performed to explore the effects of the Big Five Personality Traits on in-hospital delay for acute ischemic stroke. Results: The traits of agreeableness in all physicians decreased the likelihood of in-hospital delay (OR: 0.831, 95% CI: 0.766-0.901, p<0.001). The traits of openness in female physicians (OR:0.646; 95% CI:0.469-0.890; p=0.008) and the traits of extraversion in male physicians (OR:0.613; 95% CI: 0.475-0.791; p<0.001) decreased the likelihood of in-hospital delay. The traits of conscientiousness in female (OR: 1.713, 95% CI: 1.209–2.427; p=0.002) and the traits of openness in male (OR: 1.431; 95% CI: 1.802-1.892; p=0.012) increased the likelihood of in-hospital delay. Conclusions: The study demonstrate that the personality traits of physician are associated with in-hospital delay for thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Factors underlying cognitive decline in old age and Alzheimer’s disease: the role of the hippocampus

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Jaroudi ◽  
Julia Garami ◽  
Sandra Garrido ◽  
Michael Hornberger ◽  
Szabolcs Keri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

AbstractThere are many factors that strongly influence the aetiology, development, and progression of cognitive decline in old age, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These factors include not only different personality traits and moods but also lifestyle patterns (e.g. exercise and diet) and awareness levels that lead to cognitive decline in old age. In this review, we discuss how personality traits, mood states, and lifestyle impact brain and behaviour in older adults. Specifically, our review shows that these lifestyle and personality factors affect several brain regions, including the hippocampus, a region key for memory that is affected by cognitive decline in old age as well as AD. Accordingly, appropriate recommendations are presented in this review to assist individuals in decreasing chances of MCI, dementia, AD, and associated symptoms.

The Willingness of Social Work Students to Engage in Policy Practice: The Role of Personality Traits and Political Participation Predictors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Meital Schwartz-Tayri
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Political Skills ◽  
Policy Practice

Abstract The current study aimed to expand our knowledge regarding social work students’ willingness to engage in policy practice (EPP). A theoretical model integrating the Big Five personality framework with the ‘Civic Voluntarism Model’ (CVM) was examined, using a sample of 160 social work students in Israel. Findings revealed a moderate level of EPP willingness. Among the CVM predictors, political skills, political knowledge and political interest were significantly positively associated with social work students’ EPP willingness. Among the Big Five traits, extroversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience were significantly associated with EPP willingness. Path analysis showed that political skills were the strongest predictor of EPP willingness and that political skills and extroversion had a direct effect on EPP willingness. The significant mediation paths demonstrated the dynamics by which the study predictors interacted in explaining 49 per cent of the variance in EPP willingness. The study concluded that the examination of a model incorporating the Big Five personality traits and modified CVM predictors provided a comprehensive understanding of EPP willingness and, therefore, should be adopted to explain social workers’ actual engagement in policy practice.

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