scholarly journals A Theoretical Inquiry of the Offset Mechanism in Mitigating Global Warming: Economic Welfare Implications of the Clean Development Mechanism Investment

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Morio Kuninori ◽  
Masayuki Otaki
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Right

This study attentively examines the role of the offset mechanism like the Clean Develop Mechanism (CDM) in mitigating global warming problems and considers its economic welfare implications in a theoretical offset environment. The CDM is a kind of offset trading scheme of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions between advanced and developing economies. Formulating the essence of the offset market into a simple model, we interpret the right to trade CO2 emissions at an ideal price as rewards to advanced economies for investing in more CO2 saving technologies and/or factories in developing economies. Our model shows that under some conditions the CDM can succeed in suppressing CO2 emissions and become a second-best measure to mitigate global warming. Nevertheless, we also clarify that the prices of carbon offset in advanced economies are not generally sustainable without the help of the outside agencies such as the governments. This fact suggests that offset mechanism like the CDM incurs an additional burden, such as taxes to advanced economies for preserving the scheme, although the resultant transfer evidently equalizes the international income distribution.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Carbon Taxation Policies on CO2 Emissions: Contextual Evidence from Tax Implementation and Non-Implementation European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaad Ghazouani ◽  
Wanjun Xia ◽  
Mehdi Ben Jebli ◽  
Umer Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

During the past decades, environmental related taxes, energy, and carbon taxes has been recommended by environmental scientists as a policy tool to mitigate pollutant emissions in developed and developing economies. Among developed nations, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Norway were the first regions to adopt a tax on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and research into the impacts of carbon tax on carbon emissions bring significant implications. The prime objective and goal of this work is to explore the role of carbon tax reforms for environmental quality in European economies. This is probably the first study to conduct a comparative study in European context for carbon-tax implementation and non-implementation policies. To this end, the present study reports new conclusions and implications regarding the effectiveness of environmental regulations and policies for climate change and sustainability. In the present study, the authors exhaustively explore the impacts of the carbon-tax on the mitigation of CO2 emissions. Using the propensity score matching method, the results of the estimation of the different matching methods allow us to observe a positive and significant impact of the adoption of the carbon-tax on stimulating the reduction of carbon emissions.

scholarly journals (Not) Doing the Right Things for the Wrong Reasons: An Investigation of Consumer Attitudes, Perceptions, and Willingness to Pay for Bio-Based Plastics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V. Zwicker ◽  
Cameron Brick ◽  
Gert-Jan M. Gruter ◽  
Frenk van Harreveld
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Willingness To Purchase ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Willingness

Fossil-based plastics are significant contributors to global warming through CO2 emissions. For more sustainable alternatives to be successful, it is important to ensure that consumers become aware of the benefits of innovations such as bio-based plastics, in order to create demand and a willingness to initially pay more. In four studies, we investigated participants’ attitudes towards fossil-based and bio-based plastic, their perceived importance of recycling both types of plastic, their willingness to pay, and their perceptions of bio-based plastic. The pre-registered fourth study experimentally manipulated information about bio-based plastic and measured willingness to pay for different types of plastic. The results suggest participants hold very favourable attitudes and are willing to pay more for bio-based products. However, they also harbour misconceptions, especially overestimating bio-based plastic’s biodegradability, and they find it less important to recycle bio-based than fossil-based plastic. Study 4 provided evidence that educating consumers about the properties of bio-based plastic can dispel misconceptions, retain a favourable attitude and a high willingness to pay. We found mixed evidence for the effect of attitudes on willingness to pay. We discuss how attitudes and misconceptions affect the uptake of new sustainable technologies such as bio-based plastics and consumers’ willingness to purchase them.

scholarly journals New Trends in the Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonates

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erivaldo J.C. Lopes ◽  
Ana P.C. Ribeiro ◽  
Luísa M.D.R.S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Cyclic Carbonates ◽  
Atom Economy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Meaningful Measure

This work concerns recent advances (mainly in the last five years) in the challenging conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into fine chemicals, in particular to cyclic carbonates, as a meaningful measure to reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere and subsequent global warming effects. Thus, efficient catalysts and catalytic processes developed to convert CO2 into different chemicals towards a more sustainable chemical industry are addressed. Cyclic carbonates can be produced by different routes that directly, or indirectly, use carbon dioxide. Thus, recent findings on CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides as well as on its reaction with diols are reviewed. In addition, indirect sources of carbon dioxide, such as urea, considered a sustainable process with high atom economy, are also discussed. Reaction mechanisms for the transformations involved are also presented.

SPECIAL CONSUMPTION TAX INCENTIVE ON MARINE BUNKERS AND CARGO SHIFTING TO SHORT SEA SHIPPING IN TURKISH CABOTAGE ROUTES

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kilic ◽  
O Girit
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
To Come ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Environment issue is one of the most important problems which must be solved urgently. Today, the effects of climate change linked to global warming have started to come into view. Some gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) which are called as greenhouse gases (GHGs) are seen as the most important causes of global warming. Harmful exhaust gases and CO2 emissions arise out of burning of fossil fuels on board. Maritime transportation is the most efficient mode when compared to other modes. However, Turkey's passenger and cargo transportation mainly depends on road transportation which has high fuel costs compared to sea transportation. In this study, by evaluating cabotage bunker fuels, annual CO2 emissions from maritime ships sailing on Turkish cabotage line were investigated. Also fuel efficiency of maritime transport as well as the effects of shifting cargo between transportation modes on CO2 emissions were analysed.

Special Consumption Tax Incentive on Marine Bunkers and Cargo Shifting to Short Sea Shipping in Turkish Cabotage Routes

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (A2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
To Come ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Environment issue is one of the most important problems which must be solved urgently. Today, the effects of climate change linked to global warming have started to come into view. Some gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) which are called as greenhouse gases (GHGs) are seen as the most important causes of global warming. Harmful exhaust gases and CO2 emissions arise out of burning of fossil fuels on board. Maritime transportation is the most efficient mode when compared to other modes. However, Turkey's passenger and cargo transportation mainly depends on road transportation which has high fuel costs compared to sea transportation. In this study, by evaluating cabotage bunker fuels, annual CO2 emissions from maritime ships sailing on Turkish cabotage line were investigated. Also fuel efficiency of maritime transport as well as the effects of shifting cargo between transportation modes on CO2 emissions were analysed.

Making Trade an Engine of Growth for All

Policy Papers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Trade Reform ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

The role of trade in the global economy is at a critical juncture. Increased trade integration helped to drive economic growth in advanced and developing economies in the latter part of the 20th century. Since the early 2000’s, however, a slowdown in the pace of trade reform, a post-crisis uptick in protectionism, and risk of further reversals have been a drag on trade, productivity, and income growth. At the same time, trade is leaving too many individuals and communities behind, notably also in advanced economies. To be sure, job losses in certain sectors or regions in advanced economies have resulted to a large extent from technological changes rather than from trade. But adjustment to trade can bring a human and economic downside that is frequently concentrated, sometimes harsh, and has too often become prolonged. It need not be that way. With the right policies, countries can benefit from the great opportunities that trade brings and lift up those who have been left behind. Those polices ease adjustment to trade, as well as strengthen overall economic flexibility and performance.

Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Unconventional Monetary Policy ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Zero Bound

The preceding chapters have examined the deepened integration of emerging and developing economies (EDEs) into the international financial system in the new millennium and their changing vulnerabilities to external financial shocks. They have discussed the role that policies in advanced economies played in this process, including those that culminated in the global financial crisis and the unconventional monetary policy of zero-bound interest rates and quantitative easing adopted in response to the crisis, as well as policies in EDEs themselves....

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Rathna Hor ◽  
Phanna Ly ◽  
Agusta Samodra Putra ◽  
Riaru Ishizaki ◽  
Tofael Ahamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Production System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Food Production System

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Transport Sector CO2 Emissions in Eastern European Countries: An LMDI Decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Souhir Abbes
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

In this paper, we use the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to apply decomposition analysis on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport systems in seven Eastern European countries over the period between 2005 and 2015. The results show that “economic activity” is the main factor responsible for CO2 emissions in all the countries in our sample. The second factor causing increase in CO2 emissions is the “fuel mix” by type and mode of transport. Modal share and energy intensity affect the growth of CO2 emissions but in a less significant way. Finally, only the “population” and “emission coefficient” variables slowed the growth of these emissions in all the countries, except for Slovenia, where the population variable was found to be responsible for the increase in CO2 emissions. These results not only contribute to advancing the existing literature but also provide important policy recommendations.

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