scholarly journals In or Out? The Existential Dilemma of Homosexuals in Iris Murdoch’s A Fairly Honorable Defeat

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Weakness

A Fairly Honorable Defeat is one of Iris Murdoch’s best acclaimed novels. Critics generally regard it as a triumph of the evil over the good, as embodied in characters Julius King and Tallis Browne. It could also be read from a different perspective as a fairly honorable defeat of the heterosexual love by the homosexual love. But Simon and Axel only win a narrow victory. Their non-normative sexuality still entangles them in gender, social and moral dilemmas. A detailed and close reading of the novel shows Murdoch’s concern not only about how the existential dilemma of homosexuals has shaped their gender identity and limited their moral vision and choice, but also about the underlying social problems of power and violence. By bringing into conversation Goffman’s theory of stigma, Butler’s theory of gender performance and Foucault’s view of male friendship, the article argues that Simon and Axel have to struggle between secrecy and disclosure of their sexual identity because of the large homophobic social environment. The insecurity and anxiety engendered by their sexual identity makes it difficult for them to associate with others in sincerity. Their moral weakness and failures are largely occasioned by the social environment.

scholarly journals REFLECTION THEORY: PUNISHING FEMALE NARCISSISM IN THE WORKS BY LEV NIKOLAYEVICH TOLSTOY

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Natalija Iva Stepanović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Anna Karenina ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reflection Theory

Even though Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy is mostly known as an opponent of (female) sexuality, this essay argues that female narcissism is an equally controversial category. As plots of three texts –the novellas “TheKreutzer Sonata” and “Family Happiness”,and the novel Anna Karenina –show, female characters have to convert ego-libido into object-libido in order to, while overcoming disappointment, reach Tolstoy’s idea of living for others. The first part of the essay is based on a close reading of Tolstoy’s novellas, and the second part examines the female characters of Anna Karenina. Instead of pointing out the differences between Kitty, Dolly and Ana, I am trying to foreground the ways in which they reflect each other, while linking Anna’s intertextual representations, two portraits, to Tolstoy’s remarks on the social functionof art. .

NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL PAK GURU KARYA AWANG SURYA DAN NOVEL AYAH KARYA ANDREA HIRATA

EDU-KATA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Rohmat Hadi Kuswoyo
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
The Social

The purpose of this study was to determine the values of character education relationship with God, themselves, the social environment in the novel Pak Guru by Awang Surya and novel Ayah by Andrea Hirata. Sources of the data in this research are the values of character education contained in the both of the novel. The results showed that the values contained in the novel character education novel Pak Guru by Awang Surya and novel Ayah by Andrea Hirata. first, consisting of the values of character education relationship with God. Second, they are also contains the values of character education to do with themselves. Third, they are also contains the values of character education to do with the social environment.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL FICTION NOVELS UNDER BINARY OPPOSITION (CASE STUDY OF INDONESIAN NOVEL ENTITLED "ORANG-ORANG PROYEK" BY AHMAD TOHARI)

INFORMASI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Abdul Muqit
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
Correct Reading ◽  
Insight Into

 The socio-political fiction novel is generally realistic and gives an implicit picture of the social environment of a place. This type of reading is less popular because it is difficult to interpret and is also of less interest to readers than other literature. One of the works that can reflect this literary type is the novel entitled “Orang-Orang Proyek” by Ahmad Tohari, which represents the real condition of the Indonesian community under their politic and social circumstances. This paper tries to break down the literary work using the deconstructive-reading method to read a text with multi-interpretation understanding where the version contains many probabilities of meaning. This study will be able to provide insight into the correct reading method according to the purpose and type of literacy used in literary works.  Novel fiksi sosial-politik umumnya realistis dan memberikan gambaran implisit tentang lingkungan sosial suatu tempat. Jenis bacaan ini kurang populer karena sulit untuk ditafsirkan dan juga kurang menarik bagi pembaca daripada literatur lainnya. Salah satu karya yang dapat mencerminkan jenis sastra ini adalah novel berjudul “Orang-Orang Proyek” oleh Ahmad Tohari, yang mewakili kondisi nyata masyarakat Indonesia di bawah kondisi sosial dan politik mereka. Makalah ini mencoba untuk memecah karya sastra menggunakan metode membaca dekonstruktif untuk membaca teks dengan pemahaman multi-interpretasi di mana representasi mengandung banyak kemungkinan makna. Penelitian ini akan dapat memberikan wawasan tentang metode membaca yang benar sesuai dengan tujuan dan jenis literasi yang digunakan dalam karya sastra. 

Romancing the Interstitial

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-337
Author(s):  
Sheila Liming
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Way

Sheila Liming, “Romancing the Interstitial: Howe, Balzac, and Nineteenth-Century Legacies of Sexual Indeterminacy” (pp. 311–337) This essay links Julia Ward Howe’s infamous “lost” text, The Hermphrodite (first published in 2004), with Honoré de Balzac’s Sarrasine (1830), arguing that Howe rewrites Balzac’s figure of the “tragic hermaphrodite” with the intention of protesting nineteenth-century American assumptions regarding innate sexual difference. The Hermaphrodite tells the story of Laurence, a deeply contemplative, intelligent person whose sexual identity is disputed, but Howe never employs the term “hermaphrodite” outright. This situation encourages readers to judge Laurence’s hermaphroditism by his behavior and actions in the novel, not his biology, and this is furthermore consistent with the way the term “hermaphrodite” was used and understood by mid-nineteenth-century Americans. As such, this essay examines the claims that Howe makes about the social machinery of gender in The Hermaphrodite, arguing that while Laurence has much in common with Balzac’s Sarrasine, Howe uses her protagonist as a means of revising outdated arguments about biological “truth.” Howe’s Laurence revisits and updates nineteenth-century considerations of the aesthetic androgyne in the service of a modern, political agenda concerning sexual demarcation and difference.

scholarly journals Ketidakadilan gender dalam budaya Jawa dan Papua yang tercermin lewat novel Gadis Pantai dan novel Tanah Tabu: Kajian sastra bandingan

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-286
Author(s):  
Maria Sthefanny Putri Dewanty ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Collection Technique

This article talks about the social class of women or what is commonly known as feminism that occurs in Java and Papua. The problem addressed in this article is to compare how gender injustice is experienced by women in Java and also in Papua. Where the geographical location of each region has a major influence on the value of feminism. The social environment in which they live greatly influences the life that is lived by women. This research was conducted using descriptive-qualitative methods. How does the author explain in detail that these women are described by each novel. How were women at that time very obedient to this gender inequality. It seems that their natures are very low compared to men. This difference is very obvious because indeed women are only used as a tool to satisfy lust. The data collection technique used was reading and listening through novels. With this data collection technique, conclusions will be drawn from the two contents of the novel. In these two novels, they are told in great detail about their struggle to get their rights as a woman. Women who are always looked down upon and weak. Their struggle to become other, which aims to strengthen themselves so that they are more familiar with and confident in themselves as a "woman". The author tries to describe the differences between the struggles of a woman in the two novels.

The Wuther of the Other in Wuthering Heights

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Vine
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Wuthering Heights ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Wuthering Heights is a drama of instabilities. The novel introduces a "wuthering" into the social, psychical, and ideological stabilities of the world it represents and submits secure self-identity to the wuther of the other, to the disruptive and conflictual movements of alterity. The essay examines the ways in which the limits of social and sexual identity are dramatized in the novel, a process that shows how self-identity is conflictually constructed and how the other inhabits the familiar. The argument examines the ideological contradictions dramatized in the figure of Heathcliff and the agon of desire, identity, and sexual difference as it is enacted in the relationship between Cathy and Heathcliff. The essay concludes by examining Cathy's delirium in the novel alongside Julia Kristeva's account of delirium in psychoanalysis and relates both of these to the dynamic textuality of Wuthering Heights. The argument reinflects Marxist, feminist, and deconstructive treatments of Emily Brontë's text and focuses particularly on wuthering as othering in the novel's account of subjectivity.

scholarly journals What does cultural innovation stand for? Dimensions, processes, outcomes of a new innovation category

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
Riccardo Pozzo ◽  
Andrea Filippetti ◽  
Mario Paolucci ◽  
Vania Virgili
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Second Step ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Empirical Case Studies

Abstract This article introduces the notion of cultural innovation, which requires adapting our approach to co-creation. The argument opens with a first conceptualization of cultural innovation as an additional and autonomous category of the complex processes of co-creation. The dimensions of cultural innovation are contrasted against other forms of innovation. In a second step, the article makes an unprecedented attempt in describing processes and outcomes of cultural innovation, while showing their operationalization in some empirical case studies. In the conclusion, the article considers policy implications resulting from the novel definition of cultural innovation as the outcome of complex processes that involve the reflection of knowledge flows across the social environment within communities of practices while fostering the inclusion of diversity in society. First and foremost, cultural innovation takes a critical stance against inequalities in the distribution of knowledge and builds innovation for improving the welfare of individuals and communities.

Clinical application in sexual orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana Musfirah Binti Mustamam ◽  
Jivanishenthiran A/L Rajathurai ◽  
Putri Milenia Gusdian ◽  
Zaireen Zulaika Binti Nasir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Sexual Preference ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex

When we talk about sexual orientation the first think that come into our mind is on the individual’s sexual identity in relation to the gender. But, we should know that sexual orientation and sexual identity are different. Sexual orientation is also generally defined in terms of several groups, such as heterosexuals, where there is psychological, romantic or sexual attraction towards the opposite sex, homosexuals like gay or lesbian with a psychological, social or sexual preference towards the same sex. This paper is one of the assignments in the Multicultural Counseling's subject, which discusses several cases that discuss about client's sexual orientation, then the causes and impacts of the social environment on their sexual orientation. As we know, this problem is a thing that not consider in majority of environment. Also, we convey how future counselors should respond and behave when dealing with sexual orientation clients.Keywords: sexual orientation; sexual identity; future counselor

These Newcomes: William Makepeace Thackeray and Novelistic Particularity

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-480
Author(s):  
Timothy Gao
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
William Makepeace Thackeray ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Through a sustained close reading of William Makepeace Thackeray's 1855 novel The Newcomes, this essay examines three analogous types of particularity in the novel: the particularity of loved ones in the social network, of fictional persons in the literary work, and of the individual text. Drawing on recent sociological and network readings of Victorian narrative, I argue that Thackeray's plot about relationships in the marriage market is reflected (on the level of form) by the structural relation between characters and text, and (on the level of the reading experience) by the affective engagement of the reader to the novel. As characters encounter problems in replacing old relations (former lovers, deceased spouses, estranged relatives) with new ones, the novel raises analogous questions about the replaceability of characters as textual constructs or fictional persons, and of the novel itself as one experience among multitudes on offer in the nineteenth-century market. A tension between the continual or particular experience of an individual novel and the felt historical pressure of novels en masse registers in the text itself as a formal and narrative problem, one that leads us suggestively toward recent methodological debates about intimate and distant reading.

scholarly journals Vision of conspecifics decreases the effectiveness of ethanol on zebrafish behaviour

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10566
Author(s):  
Rachel Dean ◽  
Nicole Hurst Radke ◽  
Nirudika Velupillai ◽  
Brian C. Franczak ◽  
Trevor J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
Social Buffering ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioural Research ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology

Aquatic organisms in pharmacology and toxicology research are often exposed to compounds in isolation prior to physiological or behavioural testing. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of conspecifics during a stressful event can modulate behavioural outcomes (called ‘social buffering’) when testing occurs within the same context. It is unknown, however, whether the social environment during exposure interacts with the efficacy of anxiety-altering substances when subsequently tested in the absence of conspecifics. In this study, zebrafish were individually exposed to habitat water or ethanol (1.0% vol/vol) while untreated conspecifics were visually present or absent during dosing. Using the novel object approach test, a validated test of boldness and anxiety-like behaviour, we observed significantly greater effects of ethanol in isolated fish, compared to fish with a view of conspecifics during dosing. These results were not explained by altered locomotion during exposure, which might otherwise increase drug uptake. This highlights the need to consider the social environment during exposure when conducting and interpreting behavioural research involving drug or toxicant exposure.

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