scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Latent Factors Related to the Nursing Shortage

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Hend Mohumed Hani Kandiel ◽  
Sanaa Abd Elmonem Gharib
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Nursing Shortage ◽  
Work Load ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Nursing Data ◽  
High Work Load ◽  
High Work

The aim of the study was, to economically analyze o the latent factors related to nursing shortage at Cairo University Hospitals. Research design: A descriptive, methodological design was utilized. Research Questions: 1) Is the economic analysis of nursing shortage related to the actual auditing records of nursing data at Cairo University Hospitals (2011-2015). 2) What are the contributing factors leading to the nursing shortage at Cairo University Hospitals. 3) What are the economic recommendations for the present concerns related to nursing shortage. Tools of data collection: The researchers used auditing records related to nursing staff at mentioned area (2011-2015) and Questionnaire. Random sample of (N= 179). Cronbach's Alpha was 0.885. The finding revealed that nurses supply, mostly from Secondary School (84%). A critical demand for more nurses 30%-40% in certain units due to high work load. Most of the nurses were not satisfied about monitory compensation, participation in decision making and inadequate supplies.

Factors influencing myocardial response to metabolic acidosis in isolated rat hearts

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. H1261-H1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Watters ◽  
M. F. Wendland ◽  
W. W. Parmley ◽  
T. L. James ◽  
E. H. Botvinick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Work Load ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Developed Pressure ◽  
High Work Load ◽  
High Work

We assessed the effects of metabolic acidosis in Langendorff rat hearts to identify factors influencing myocardial response to metabolic acidosis. Intracellular pH (pHi), beta-ATP, phosphocreatine, and inorganic phosphate (Pi) content were measured by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy along with simultaneous measurements of coronary flow and developed pressure during 30 min of perfusion at pH = 6.8, followed by 15 min of reequilibration at pH = 7.4. Under high work-load conditions, pHi, high-energy phosphates, coronary flow, and developed pressure were severely reduced during metabolic acidosis. Each of these hearts exhibited a progressive decline in developed pressure and stopped beating during reequilibration. Lowering work load prevented severe biochemical or mechanical deterioration, allowing complete recovery during reequilibration. In the presence of high work load, factors found to improve myocardial tolerance to metabolic acidosis included maintaining base-line or higher levels of coronary flow with vasodilators or substitution of pyruvate for glucose as the energy-producing substrate. Raising perfusate osmolality did not prevent severe decreases in coronary flow and developed pressure during acidosis, but did allow a dramatic recovery during reequilibration. Recovery of biochemical and mechanical performance after 30 min of metabolic acidosis was directly related to 1) ln[ATP]/[ADP]f[Pi] greater than or equal to 4.1, where [ADP]f is the concentration of free ADP; 2) pHi greater than 6.40; and 3) ATP level greater than or equal to 75% of control.

Myocardial adaptations to endurance exercise in aged rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. H560-H566 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Starnes ◽  
R. E. Beyer ◽  
D. W. Edington
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Aerobic Energy Metabolism ◽  
High Work Load ◽  
High Work

Isolated perfused working hearts of 25-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats trained to run for 16 wk were compared with hearts from 9- and 25-mo-old sedentary animals. Under low work load conditions, systolic and diastolic aortic pressures, aortic flow, and oxygen consumption of the three groups were similar. Under high work load, systolic pressure of trained old and 9-mo groups were higher than the 25-mo sedentary values, but diastolic pressures were similar. At a systolic pressure of 150 mmHg, coronary flow of the old trained heart was higher than that of the age-matched controls, although not equal to the 9-mo sedentary group. The oxygen consumption of the intact hearts under the latter conditions follows the same quantitative trend. Left ventricular cytochrome c concentrations and rates of oxidation of glutamate-malate, palmitoylcarnitine, and succinate were increased in the older rats by training but not to the level of the 9-mo old. These data indicate that appropriate exercise in aged animals improves myocardial function and aerobic energy metabolism.

4252Additional value of stress testing for evaluation of ventricular arrhythmias in athletes undergoing preparticipation screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Vessella ◽  
A Zorzi ◽  
M De Lazzari ◽  
V Menegon ◽  
R Spagnol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Preparticipation Screening ◽  
Premature Ventricular Beats ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Myocardial Substrate ◽  
High Work Load ◽  
High Work

Abstract Introduction The optimal protocol of athletes pre-participation screening is a matter of debate. The aim of this study is to test the additional value of exercise testing (ET) for evaluation of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in athletes with otherwise normal findings. Methods The study included 10,975 competitive athletes who underwent preparticipation screening including ECG and stress testing. Athletes with ≥3 isolated premature ventricular beats or ≥1 repetitive VA underwent second-line investigations (echocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring with a training session) and, in case of frequent, complex or exercise-induced VA or echocardiographic abnormalities, also cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Results 451 (4,1%) athletes were excluded for abnormalities at history, physical examination and baseline ECG. Among the remaining 10524 athletes, 524 (5%)showed VA at ET, 87 of whom underwent CMR.Echocardiography identified major cardiac abnormalities in 5 athletes and regional ventricular systolic dysfunction in 7, which were confirmed by CMR in 6. Other 12 patients with normal echocardiography had a positive CMR. In particular, in 16 subjects the CMR showed left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement suggesting myocardial fibrosis with a non-ischemic distribution. At multivariate analysis, VA observed at high work load at ET, the presence of complex VA at ET and the presence of a morphology other than infundibular or fascicular predicted an underlying pathological myocardial substrate while the presence of frequent (>500/24-hour) premature ventricular beats did not. Predictors of underlying pathological myocardial substrate Substrate Univariate Multivariable YES (n=23) NO (n=501) OR (95% IC) P OR (95% IC) P Age 17 [13–43] 15 [14–17] 1.03 [0.98 -1.06] 0.18 – Male gender 15 (65%) 184 (37%) 3.2 [1.3–7.7] <0.001 1.6 [0.7–4.8] 0.28 >500 PVBs/24-hour 7 (30%) 98 (20%) 1.8 [0.7–4.5] 0.21 – VA at high work-load 10 (44%) 78 (16%) 4.2 [1.8–9.8] <0.001 1.6 [1.1–4.7] 0.02 Couplets/NSVT at ET 14 (61%) 117 (23%) 6.2 [2.5–15] <0.001 8.5 [2.5–29] 0.01 PVBs other than infundibular/fascicular 17 (74%) 118 (24%) 6.1 [2.4–16] <0.001 3.9 [1.4–11] 0.008 Conclusions VA at ET may represent the only sign of a pathological myocardial abnormalities, such as the “isolated nonischemic left ventricular scar”, that could be the substrate for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Addition of ET to baseline ECG may increase the sensitivity of PPE of competitive athletes.

EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON THE SECRETION AND METABOLISM OF CORTISOL IN MAN

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. FEW
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
High Work Load ◽  
High Work

SUMMARY Concentration and specific activity of plasma cortisol were measured for 4 h after the intravenous injection of 10 μCi [1,2-3H]cortisol into 14 normal men. Of these subjects four were resting controls; four exercised at a high work load for 1 h; four exercised at a low work load for 1 h and two received infusions of unlabelled cortisol, all beginning 1 h after the administration of [1,2-3H]cortisol. In the high work load group plasma cortisol had increased by 12·2 ± 6·3 μg/100 ml at the 60th minute of exercise. In this group the half-life of [3H]cortisol was 31·5 ± 5·3 (s.d.) min in contrast to 74·5 ± 8·3 min for the resting controls (P < 0·001). In the light exercise group plasma cortisol concentration tended to fall, but due to large intersubject differences this was not statistically significant. In this group the half life (t½) of [3H]cortisol was 43·8 ± 3·9 min which was also significantly different from that of the resting controls (P < 0·001). Specific activity of plasma cortisol fell rapidly (mean t½ = 15 min) during 1 h of heavy exercise, and continued to fall to a nadir 10–30 min after exercise had ceased, finally reaching a value some 60% above the nadir 1·5–2·0 h after exercise had ceased. A similar, although exaggerated, pattern was observed in the two resting subjects into whom 5 and 4 mg respectively, of unlabelled cortisol were infused. In contrast, in the light exercise group cortisol specific activity changed only slowly (mean t½ = 151 min) but continued to fall after exercise. In the light exercise group, during the latter part of exercise and during the first hour after exercise, the ratio [3H]cortisone: [3H]cortisol in plasma was significantly higher than the corresponding values for the resting group (P < 0·05). Even higher values for this ratio were obtained for some of the heavy exercise subjects but due to wide scatter the group was not statistically significantly different from the resting group. These results suggest that exercise itself increases the rate of uptake of cortisol by peripheral tissues and that when the work load exceeds a critical level stimulation of the adrenal cortex results in a massive secretion of cortisol which is sufficient to raise the plasma level which in turn promotes further ingress of cortisol into the tissues. After exercise at a high work load a return of cortisol from the tissues to the plasma can be detected.

The effect of extracellular calcium and preload on a teleost heart during extracellular hypercapnic acidosis

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell ◽  
T. Hart ◽  
S. Wood ◽  
W. R. Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Hypercapnic Acidosis ◽  
Cardiac Work ◽  
Extracellular Acidosis ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
High Work Load ◽  
High Work

The effect of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]e) on the performance of the in situ perfused sea raven heart was evaluated under nonacidotic, acidotic, and high work load conditions. Increases in [Ca2+]e improved power output of the nonacidotic heart and restored control levels of power output to the heart exposed to hypercapnic acidosis (1.8% CO2, pH 7.4). Extracellular acidosis severely curtailed the scope for cardiac work (increased cardiac output and afterload), and only a 50% increase in the control, nonacidotic power output was possible with increases in preload and saturating levels of [Formula: see text]. It is suggested that increases in preload are probably more important than increases in [Ca2+]e to improve cardiac performance in the seas raven heart during extracellular acidosis.

scholarly journals Nursing Activities Score: nursing work load in a burns Intensive Care Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Bernadete Camuci ◽  
Júlia Trevisan Martins ◽  
Alexandrina Aparecida Maciel Cardeli ◽  
Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz Robazzi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Work Load ◽  
High Work

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the nursing work load in a Burns Intensive Care Unit according to the Nursing Activities Score.METHOD: an exploratory, descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The Nursing Activities Score was used for data collection between October 2011 and May 2012, totalling 1,221 measurements, obtained from 50 patients' hospital records. Data for qualitative variables was described in tables; for the quantitative variables, calculations using statistical measurements were used.RESULTS: the mean score for the Nursing Activities Score was 70.4% and the median was 70.3%, corresponding to the percentage of the time spent on direct care to the patient in 24 hours.CONCLUSION: the Nursing Activities Score provided information which involves the process of caring for patients hospitalized in a Burns Intensive Care Unit, and indicated that there is a high work load for the nursing team of the sector studied.

scholarly journals Stress, Visual and Musculoskeletal Complaints in Open Plan Office Staff

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
K. Vangelova ◽  
V. Stanchev
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Office Staff ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Workplace Organization ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
Stress And Health ◽  
High Work Load

Summary The aim of the study was to identify the main ergonomic and organizational risks contributing to stress, visual and musculoskeletal disorders in open plan office workers. A total of 73 subjects of mean age 28.3 ±4.7 years were studied. Measurements of salivary cortisol and self-ratings for strain, fatigue, stress symptoms, visual and musculoskeletal complaints were performed. The work places were organized well, but the studied staff reported high work load and time pressure. The data showed higher cortisol levels during the workday under time pressure. High incidence of visual and musculoskeletal complaints mainly in the region of the back and the neck were found, associated with flickering and blinks on the screen monitors and overtime. Optimizing workplace organization could help reduce stress and health complaints of office staff.

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