scholarly journals Electromagnetic Radiation from a Tesla Transformer

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
R M Craven ◽  
I R Smith ◽  
B M Novac
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Dielectric Losses ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Tesla Transformer ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Quality Factor Q ◽  
Secondary Winding

In addition to the resistive and dielectric losses that inevitably occur near the secondary winding of a Tesla transformer, electromagnetic radiation into the far field also contributes to the overall power losses and thereby reduces both the effective quality factor (Q) and the power transfer efficiency of this winding. A short study of these effects for a laboratory scale transformer has shown that, in addition to its Q-factor being considerably reduced, the secondary winding is an extremely inefficient radiator of electromagnetic energy.

scholarly journals A Study on the Trimming Effects on the Quality Factor of Micro-Shell Resonators Vibrating in Wineglass Modes

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Lu ◽  
Xi ◽  
Xiao ◽  
Shi ◽  
Zhuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Thermoelastic Damping ◽  
Frequency Trimming ◽  
Quality Factor Q ◽  
Anchor Loss

Frequency trimming based on mass and stiffness modification is an important post-fabrication process for micro-shell resonators (MSRs). However, the trimming effects on the quality factor are seldom studied, although they may have great influence on the performance of the resonator. This paper presents a study on the quality factor (Q-factor) variation of trimmed micro-shell resonators (MSR). Thermoelastic damping (QTED) and anchor loss (Qanchor) are found to be the dominant energy loss mechanisms resulting in the reduction of the overall Q-factor, according to finite element method (FEM). The effects of different trimming methods on QTED and Qanchor are studied here, respectively. It is found that trimming grooves ablated in the rim of the resonator can cause a ~1–10% reduction of QTED, and the length of trimming groove is positively related to the reduction of QTED. The reduction of QTED caused by the mass adding process is mainly related to the thermal expansion coefficient and density of the additive and contact area between the resonator and additive masses. Besides, the first and second harmonic errors caused by asymmetrical trimming can cause a 10–90% reduction of Qanchor. Finally, trimming experiments were conducted on different resonators and the results were compared with FEM simulation. The work presented in this paper could help to optimize the trimming process of MSRs.

scholarly journals A Resonant Coupling Power Transfer System Using Two Driving Coils

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2914
Author(s):  
Changping Li ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Ruining Huang ◽  
Ying Yi
Keyword(s):  
Separation Distance ◽  
Secondary Coil ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Receiver Side ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Resonant Coupling ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Quality Factor Q

This paper presents a resonance-based wireless power transfer (R-WPT) system using two multi-layer multi-turn inductor coils on the transmission side and a third coil on the receiver side. We theoretically characterized and optimized the system in terms of quality factor (Q factor) of the coils and power transfer efficiency (PTE). In our R-WPT prototype, the alternating currents (AC) were simultaneously applied to two transmitter coils, which, in turn, transferred power wirelessly to the secondary coil with a 3-mm radius on the receiving end. Owing to the optimization of the inductive coils, all of the coils achieved the highest Q-factor and PTE at the resonance frequency of 2.9 MHz, and the transfer distance could be extended up to 30 mm. The results show that the PTE was greater than 74% at a separation distance of 5 mm and about 38.7% at 20 mm. This is distinctly higher than that of its 2 and 3-coil counterparts using only one driving coil.

Performance Investigate and Analysis of 96 × 10 Gbps DWDM System Using Suitable Rating from Optical Amplifiers

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakresh Kumar ◽  
Ghanendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Optical Amplifiers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Raman Amplifier ◽  
Quality Factor Q ◽  
Dwdm System

AbstractThe objective of current work is to design and analyzed 96×10 Gbps DWDM system taking EDFA, SOA, and RAMAN amplifier as an inline amplifiers up to a fiber length of 300 km. The performance of EDFA, SOA, and RAMAN amplifier is measured on the basis of power received, Q-factor, probability of error and BER for various values of fiber distance. In this paper it has been proved that for 96 channels DWDM system at 10 Gbps bit rate, EDFA reveals superior performance as far as the amount of power received is concerned. The value of quality factor (Q-factor) for RAMAN amplifier is almost identical to that of the Q-factor for EDFA and is higher than the Q-factor for SOA till a fiber length of roughly 80 km thereafter SOA reveals somewhat better Q-factor than EDFA and RAMAN amplifier. As far as BER is concerned EDFA and RAMAN amplifier show roughly identical and somewhat lower BER than SOA till a fiber length of roughly 80 km, afterwards SOA reveal somewhat lesser BER till the fiber length of 210 km. In relation to the probability of error P(E), It is analyzed that P(E) remains more or less same for the entire set of optical amplifiers(OAs) but beyond the fiber length of 240 km EDFA shows somewhat lower P(E) than the other two OAs. At the end the Eye diagrams for the three OAs are also figure out.

High Quality Factor using Nested Complementary Split Ring Resonator for Dielectric Properties of Solids Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227
Author(s):  
Norhanani Rahman ◽  
Zahriladha Zakaria ◽  
Rosemizi Rahim ◽  
Maizatul Said ◽  
Amyrul Bahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Quality Factor Q

A Nested complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) was proposed based on planar structure. The main objective of this work is to get a higher quality factor (Q-factor) with minimal error detection of complex permittivity. The sensor operated at the 3.37GHz resonant frequency and simulated by ANSYS HFSS software. Subsequently, the designed sensor has been fabricated and tested with the presence of several material under test (MUTs) placed over the sensor. The result achieved high unloaded Q-factor, 464. There has been proof of good agreement concerning the results between theoretical, simulation, and measured parameters of error detection, which is below 13.2% real part permittivity and 2.3% the loss tangent. The proposed sensor is practically useful for the food industry, bio-sensing, and pharmacy industry applications.

scholarly journals 5G planar branch line coupler design based on the analysis of dielectric constant, loss tangent and quality factor at high frequency

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Azimah Mohd Shukor ◽  
Norhudah Seman
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Bandwidth Enhancement ◽  
Branch Line ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Quality Factor Q

Abstract This study focuses on the effect of different dielectric properties in the design of 3-dB planar branch line coupler (BLC) using RT5880, RO4350, TMM4 and RT6010, particularly at high frequency of 26 GHz, the fifth generation (5G) operating frequency. The analysis conducted in this study is based on the dielectric constant, loss tangent and quality factor (Q-factor) associated with the dielectric properties of the substrate materials. Accordingly, the substrate that displayed the best performance for high frequency application had the lowest dielectric constant, lowest loss tangent and highest Q-factor (i.e., RT5880), and it was chosen to enhance our proposed 3-dB BLC. This enhanced 3-dB BLC was designed with the inclusion of microstrip-slot stub impedance at each port for bandwidth enhancement, and the proposed prototype had dimensions of 29.9 mm × 19.9 mm. The design and analysis of the proposed 3-dB BLC were accomplished by employing CST Microwave Studio. The performance of scattering parameters and the phase difference of the proposed BLC were then assessed and verified through laboratory measurement.

scholarly journals Sound Trapping in an Open Resonator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujun Huang ◽  
Yan Kei Chiang ◽  
Sibo Huang ◽  
Chen Shen ◽  
Fu Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Open Resonator ◽  
Acoustic Resonator ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Symmetry Protected ◽  
Quality Factor Q ◽  
Mode Interference

Abstract The ability of extreme sound energy confinement with high-quality factor (Q-factor) resonance is of vital importance for acoustic devices requiring high intensity and hypersensitivity in biological ultrasonics, enhanced collimated sound emission (i.e. sound laser) and high-resolution sensing. However, structures reported so far demonstrated a limited quality factor (Q-factor) of acoustic resonances, up to several tens in an open resonator. The emergence of bound states in the continuum (BIC) makes it possible to realize high-Q factor acoustic modes. Here, we report the theoretical design and experimental demonstration of acoustic BICs supported by a single open resonator. We predicted that such an open acoustic resonator could simultaneously support three types of BICs, including symmetry protected BIC, Friedrich-Wintgen BIC induced by mode interference, as well as a new kind of BIC: mirror-symmetry induced BIC. We also experimentally demonstrated the existence of all three types of BIC with Q-factor up to one order of magnitude greater than the highest Q-factor reported in an open resonator.

scholarly journals Increasing the Quality Factor (Q) of 1D Photonic Crystal Cavity with an End Loop-Mirror

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hazwan Haron ◽  
Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain ◽  
Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Optical Resonator ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Fdtd Simulation ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Photonic Crystal Cavity ◽  
High Q ◽  
Loop Mirror ◽  
Quality Factor Q

Increasing the quality factor (Q) of an optical resonator device has been a research focus to be utilized in various applications. Higher Q-factor means light is confined in a longer time which will produce a shaper peak and higher transmission. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to increase further the Q-factor of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) cavity device by using an end loop-mirror (ELM). The technique utilizes and recycles the light transmission from the conventional 1D PhC cavity design. The design has been proved to work by using the 2.5D FDTD simulation with Lumerical FDTD and MODE softwares. By using the ELM technique, the Q- factor of a 1D PhC design has been shown to have increased up to 79.53 % from the initial Q value without the ELM. This novel design technique can be combined with any high Q-factor and very high Q-factor designs to increase more the Q-factor value of a photonic crystal cavity devices or any other suitable optical resonator devices. The experimental result shows that the device is measurable by adding a Y-branch component to the one-port structure and able to get the high-Q result.

scholarly journals A 5.86 Million Quality Factor Cylindrical Resonator with Improved Structural Design Based on Thermoelastic Dissipation Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6003
Author(s):  
Libin Zeng ◽  
Yiming Luo ◽  
Yao Pan ◽  
Yonglei Jia ◽  
Jianping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Cylindrical Resonator ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Cylindrical Resonators ◽  
Quality Factor Q ◽  
Crucial Parameter

The cylindrical resonator is the core component of cylindrical resonator gyroscopes (CRGs). The quality factor (Q factor) of the resonator is one crucial parameter that determines the performance of the gyroscope. In this paper, the finite element method is used to theoretically investigate the influence of the thermoelastic dissipation (TED) of the cylindrical resonator. The improved structure of a fused silica cylindrical resonator is then demonstrated. Compared with the traditional structure, the thermoelastic Q (QTED) of the resonator is increased by 122%. In addition, the Q factor of the improved cylindrical resonator is measured, and results illustrate that, after annealing and chemical etching, the Q factor of the resonator is significantly higher than that of the cylindrical resonators reported previously. The Q factor of the cylindrical resonator in this paper reaches 5.86 million, which is the highest value for a cylindrical resonator to date.

scholarly journals Increasing the Quality Factor (Q) of 1D Photonic Crystal Cavity with an End Loop-Mirror

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hazwan Haron ◽  
Burhanuddin Yeop Yeop Majlis ◽  
Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Optical Resonator ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Fdtd Simulation ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Photonic Crystal Cavity ◽  
High Q ◽  
Loop Mirror ◽  
Quality Factor Q

Increasing the quality factor (Q-factor) of an optical resonator device has been a research focus utilized in various applications. Higher Q-factor means light is confined in a longer time which will produce a sharper peak and higher transmission. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to further increase the Q-factor of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) cavity device by using an end loop-mirror (ELM). The technique utilizes and recycles the transmitted light from the conventional 1D PhC cavity design. The design has been proven to work by using the 2.5D FDTD simulation with Lumerical FDTD and MODE software. By using the ELM technique, the Q-factor of a 1D PhC design has been shown to increase up to 79.53% from the initial Q value without the ELM. The experimental result shows that the device is measurable by adding a Y-branch component to the one-port structure and able to get a high Q result. This novel design technique can be combined with any high Q-factor and very high Q-factor designs to increase more Q-factor values of photonic crystal cavity devices or any other suitable optical resonator devices.

A Novel Designed Load Adaptive Noncontact Wet-Mate Connector for Subsea Devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Dejun Li ◽  
Tianlei Wang ◽  
Canjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Side ◽  
Secondary Winding

AbstractWet-mate connectors enable subsea devices to have power and data transferred simultaneously. Conventional wet-mate connectors must strictly demand water-tightness and consequently have a limited number of mating cycles and are costly. This paper proposed a novel noncontact wet-mate connector based on inductive power transfer technology, which is safer, more durable, and less expensive. Structure, power transfer, and data transfer designs are introduced, and a series-parallel compensating topology is applied in the power circuits for load adaptability. A simultaneous power and data transfer experiment is conducted on a 48 VDC/400 W prototype connector, which demonstrates the prototype connector to have a stable output voltage of 48 V, a power transfer efficiency over 80%, and a data transfer rate of over 2 MB/s.<def-list>Nomenclature<def-list><def-item><term>L1</term><def>Inductance value of the primary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>L2</term><def>Inductance value of the secondary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>M</term><def>Mutual inductance value between the windings</def></def-item><def-item><term>k</term><def>Coupling coefficient between the windings</def></def-item><def-item><term>Rw1</term><def>AC winding resistance of the primary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>Rw2</term><def>AC winding resistance of the secondary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>Rdc1</term><def>DC winding resistance of the primary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>Rdc2</term><def>DC winding resistance of the secondary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>F1</term><def>AC-to-DC winding resistance ratio of the primary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>F2</term><def>AC-to-DC winding resistance ratio of the secondary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ip</term><def>Primary winding current</def></def-item><def-item><term>Is</term><def>Secondary winding current</def></def-item><def-item><term>IL</term><def>Load current</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ic2</term><def>Parallel capacitance current of the secondary side</def></def-item><def-item><term>Uin</term><def>Input voltage</def></def-item><def-item><term>UL</term><def>Load voltage</def></def-item><def-item><term>C1</term><def>Series compensation capacitance of the secondary side</def></def-item><def-item><term>C2</term><def>Parallel compensation capacitance of the secondary side</def></def-item><def-item><term>F</term><def>Operating frequency</def></def-item><def-item><term>ω</term><def>Operating angular frequency</def></def-item><def-item><term>RL</term><def>Load resistance</def></def-item><def-item><term>k</term><def>Voltage gain from the input voltage to the load voltage</def></def-item><def-item><term>η</term><def>Power transfer efficiency</def></def-item><def-item><term>Q1</term><def>Quality factor of the primary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>Q2</term><def>Quality factor of the secondary winding</def></def-item><def-item><term>Zs</term><def>Impedance of the secondary side</def></def-item><def-item><term>Zr</term><def>Reflected impedance on the primary side</def></def-item></def-list></def-list>

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