Visual Grouping and Its Application  to Road Design and Traffic Control

With the introduction of Automated Vehicles (AVs) in not so distinct future, we need the urban transportation infrastructure to be ready for their sustainable deployment. A key aspect of this readiness is to introduce the right modifications in the road design and the associated adjustments in terms of traffic control. This project focuses on Ontario Traffic Manual and Canadian Capacity Guide. We investigate the adjustments required for interrupted flow and model these adjustments using microsimulation tool VISSIM. Results shows that autonomous vehicles alone even with recommended modifications, without connectivity features would not improve our network as we anticipated, especially at low market penetration rates when Human Drive Vehicles (HDVs) are still on the streets. Furthermore, investments to our current infrastructure need to be made in order to allow communication with the vehicles and keep them updated on the congested, in order to reach the optimal benefit from this technology.

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DESIGN MANUAL ADJUSTMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS FOR AUTOMATED VEHICLES: CITY OF TORONTO CONTEXT

10.32920/ryerson.14656485.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shubham Bohra

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Urban Transportation ◽

Market Penetration ◽

Automated Vehicles ◽

The Road ◽

Road Design ◽

The Right ◽

Interrupted Flow ◽

Made In

With the introduction of Automated Vehicles (AVs) in not so distinct future, we need the urban transportation infrastructure to be ready for their sustainable deployment. A key aspect of this readiness is to introduce the right modifications in the road design and the associated adjustments in terms of traffic control. This project focuses on Ontario Traffic Manual and Canadian Capacity Guide. We investigate the adjustments required for interrupted flow and model these adjustments using microsimulation tool VISSIM. Results shows that autonomous vehicles alone even with recommended modifications, without connectivity features would not improve our network as we anticipated, especially at low market penetration rates when Human Drive Vehicles (HDVs) are still on the streets. Furthermore, investments to our current infrastructure need to be made in order to allow communication with the vehicles and keep them updated on the congested, in order to reach the optimal benefit from this technology.

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Prediction of Fatalities in Vehicle Collisions in Canada

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v33i5.3782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 661-669

Author(s):

Liza Babaoglu ◽

Ceni Babaoglu

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Lasso Regression ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Vehicle Collisions ◽

Road Design ◽

The World ◽

The Individual

Traffic collisions affect millions around the world and are the leading cause of death for children and young adults. Thus, Canada’s road safety plan is to reduce collision injuries and fatalities with a vision of making the safest roads in the world. We aim to predict fatalities of collisions on Canadian roads, and to discover causation of fatalities through exploratory data analysis and machine learning techniques. We analyse the vehicle collisions from Canada’s National Collision Database (1999–2017.) Through data mining methodologies, we investigate association rules and key contributing factors that lead to fatalities. Then, we propose two supervised learning classification models, Lasso Regression and XGBoost, to predict fatalities. Our analysis shows the deadliness of head-on collisions, especially in non-intersection areas with lacking traffic control systems. We also reveal that most collision fatalities occur in non-extreme weather and road conditions. Our prediction models show that the best classifier of fatalities is XGBoost with 83% accuracy. Its most important features are “collision configuration” and “used safety devices” elements, outnumbering attributes such as vehicle year, collision time, age, or sex of the individual. Our exploratory and predictive analysis reveal the importance of road design and traffic safety education.

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Analysis of Characteristics of Vehicle-Bicycle/Pedestrian Conflicts Using Video Drive Recorder

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4413 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 243-249 ◽

pp. 4413-4417 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qing Feng Lin ◽

Bo Cheng ◽

Guang Quan Lu

Keyword(s):

Field Test ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Safety Management ◽

The Road ◽

Road Design ◽

Traffic Conflict ◽

Accident Data ◽

One Year

Vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle accidents account for a large proportion of traffic accidents in China. In order to study the characteristics of vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle conflicts, 50 taxis are chosen as the test vehicles. A field-test was conducted using video driver recorder in Beijing for one year. A large amount of traffic conflict and accident data was collected in real driving environment. Considering the factors including conflict type, conflict time, conflict location, traffic control and conflict speed etc., the traffic conflict characteristics of vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle were analyzed. The results might contribute to the road safety management, road design and accident prevention technology.

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Factors contributing to amphibian road mortality in a wetland

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/57.6.768 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 768-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Haijun Gu ◽

Qiang Dai ◽

Qian Wang ◽

Yuezhao Wang

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Model Averaging ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Traffic Volume ◽

Control Measures ◽

Road Mortality ◽

Landscape Features ◽

Road Design ◽

Road Width ◽

Road Characteristics

Abstract To understand road characteristics and landscape features associated with high road mortality of amphibians in Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve, we surveyed road mortality along four major roads after rainfall in May and September 2007. Road mortality of three species, Rana kukunoris, Nanorana pleskei and Bufo minshanicus, was surveyed across 225 transects (115 in May and 110 in September). Transects were 100 m long and repeated every two kilometers along the four major roads. We used model averaging to assess factors that might determine amphibian road mortality. We recorded an average of 24.6 amphibian road mortalities per kilometer in May and 19.2 in September. Among road characteristics, road width was positively associated with road morality for R. kukunori and B. minshanicus. Traffic volume also increased the road mortality of B. minshanicus in September. Of the landscape features measured, area proportions of three types of grassland (wet, mesic and dry) within 1 km of the roads, particularly that of wet grassland, significantly increased road mortality for R. kukunori and total mortality across all three species. To most effectively reduce road mortality of amphibians in the Zoige wetlands, we suggest better road design such as avoiding wet grasslands, minimizing road width, underground passes and traffic control measures. The implementation of public transit in the area would reduce traffic volume, and hence mortality.

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Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2-11

Author(s):

Marina Efthymiou ◽

Frank Fichert ◽

Olaf Lantzsch

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Air Traffic Control ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Air Traffic ◽

Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽

Total Load ◽

Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

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How to Evaluate Remote Tower Metrics in Connection With Weather Observations

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 100-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maik Friedrich ◽

Christoph Möhlenbrink

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Air Traffic Control ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Air Traffic ◽

Weather Event ◽

Evaluation Of Performance ◽

Weather Events ◽

Weather Observations ◽

Validation Experiment ◽

Remote Controller

Abstract. Owing to the different approaches for remote tower operation, a standardized set of indicators is needed to evaluate the technical implementations at a task performance level. One of the most influential factors for air traffic control is weather. This article describes the influence of weather metrics on remote tower operations and how to validate them against each other. Weather metrics are essential to the evaluation of different remote controller working positions. Therefore, weather metrics were identified as part of a validation at the Erfurt-Weimar Airport. Air traffic control officers observed weather events at the tower control working position and the remote control working position. The eight participating air traffic control officers answered time-synchronized questionnaires at both workplaces. The questionnaires addressed operationally relevant weather events in the aerodrome. The validation experiment targeted the air traffic control officer’s ability to categorize and judge the same weather event at different workplaces. The results show the potential of standardized indicators for the evaluation of performance and the importance of weather metrics in relation to other evaluation metrics.

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