scholarly journals Pathophysiology of the urothelium and detrusor

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5-S2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Pradeep Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
High Density ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Antimuscarinic Drugs ◽  
Bladder Sensation ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Alternative Site ◽  
Active Contributor

Conventional wisdom now agrees that symptoms of overactivebladder (OAB) seem to emanate from an aberration in the voidingreflex, leading to involuntary detrusor contractions of eitherneurogenic or myogenic origin. Furthermore, emerging evidencealso encourages us to adopt a new paradigm, in which bladderurothelium is not just a simple barrier but an active contributor tobladder function. In this paradigm, aberration in sensory mechanismsemanating from the urothelium can also contribute to OABsymptoms through altered excitability of afferents in the bladderleading to increased bladder sensation. The high density of muscarinicreceptors expressed on urothelium can not only mediaterelease of urothelium-derived inhibitory factor, but can also be seenas an alternative site of action for antimuscarinic drugs. Urotheliumalso expresses a host of other receptors such as TRPV1 and TRPM8,whose functional role is yet to be confirmed.

Serum inhibitory factor 1, high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent O. Martinez ◽  
Annelise Genoux ◽  
Jean Ferrières ◽  
Thibaut Duparc ◽  
Bertrand Perret
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Factor 1

scholarly journals Roles of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles in Cardiovascular Disease: A New Paradigm for Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Huang ◽  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Li-Hao Huang ◽  
Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
New Paradigm

Epidemiological results revealed that there is an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Mounting evidence supports that HDLs are atheroprotective, therefore, many therapeutic approaches have been developed to increase HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Nevertheless, HDL-raising therapies, such as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, failed to ameliorate cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials, thereby casting doubt on the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by increasing HDL-C levels. Therefore, HDL-targeted interventional studies were shifted to increasing the number of HDL particles capable of promoting ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated cholesterol efflux. One such approach was the development of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) particles that promote ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from lipid-enriched macrophages. Here, we explore the manipulation of rHDL nanoparticles as a strategy for the treatment of CVD. In addition, we discuss technological capabilities and the challenge of relating preclinical in vivo mice research to clinical studies. Finally, by drawing lessons from developing rHDL nanoparticles, we also incorporate the viabilities and advantages of the development of a molecular imaging probe with HDL nanoparticles when applied to ASCVD, as well as gaps in technology and knowledge required for putting the HDL-targeted therapeutics into full gear.

Fragmentation and Power: Reconceptualizing Policy Making under Japan's 1955 System

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN CREIGHTON CAMPBELL ◽  
ETHAN SCHEINER
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Japanese Politics ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Bureaucratic Power ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractIn the 1980s, a wave of new–extremely clever and detailed–studies revolutionized the Japanese politics field. The empirical findings of this ‘new paradigm’ literature remain the conventional wisdom on Japanese policy-making patterns under the ‘1955 System’. In this paper, we offer a critical reinterpretation of the new paradigm literature. We do not offer new empirical analysis, but, rather, reconsider this conventional wisdom by putting a new spin on the evidence previous authors utilized to analyze the policy-making process in Japan under the 1955 System. Contrary to the conventional view of strong central bureaucratic power, we argue that in the 1960s policy making was quite fragmented. In contrast to literature suggesting substantial politician influence in the 1980s, we argue that there was a decline in the influence of politicians in general in policy making.

How to Increase Plastic Waste Acceptance for Mechanical Recycling: An Introduction to Material Value Conservation and its Phenomenon

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
High Consumption

Inappropriate packaging design and implementation of quality improvement of plastic waste paradigm affected low acceptance of waste for mechanical recycling. This research proposed material value conservation paradigm with design for recycling principles as key solution in avoiding its value degradation. Phenomenology and plastic quality measurement implemented as methodologies of research. Some evident in Indonesia verified the presence of the new paradigm in practice and followed with estimation of its prospective benefit. The new paradigm will generate broader impact and more benefit if adopted for other type of materials, especially for region with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

The Antioxidant Function of High Density Lipoproteins: A New Paradigm in Atherosclerosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Tomás ◽  
Glòria Latorre ◽  
Mariano Sentí ◽  
Jaume Marrugat
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Antioxidant Function
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