scholarly journals Built Heritage Evaluation: Manual Using Simple Test Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elena Charola ◽  
Jorge Otero ◽  
Paula T. DePriest ◽  
Robert J. Koestler
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Cultural Monuments

<p>This manual describes simple tests for evaluating the condition of built heritage and cultural monuments. The tests were selected for their simplicity and widespread availability, especially in countries where few institutions deal with the conservation of <a>important buildings or monuments</a> and where laboratories capable of the necessary analyses are scarce.</p> <p>Most tests can be carried out without the resources of a complete conservation laboratory. Methods include microscopy, ion test strips, the Scotch Tape test, RILEM tube water absorption, water vapor transmission, and three tests that can be run sequentially: capillary water absorption coefficient, total immersion, and evaporation curves.</p> <p>Some of these tests aid in the examination of building materials and the characterization of salts and other condition problems, which will help to determine the appropriate methods and materials for conservation and restoration.</p>

scholarly journals Built Heritage Evaluation: Manual Using Simple Test Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elena Charola ◽  
Jorge Otero ◽  
Paula T. DePriest ◽  
Robert J. Koestler
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Cultural Monuments

<p>This manual describes simple tests for evaluating the condition of built heritage and cultural monuments. The tests were selected for their simplicity and widespread availability, especially in countries where few institutions deal with the conservation of <a>important buildings or monuments</a> and where laboratories capable of the necessary analyses are scarce.</p> <p>Most tests can be carried out without the resources of a complete conservation laboratory. Methods include microscopy, ion test strips, the Scotch Tape test, RILEM tube water absorption, water vapor transmission, and three tests that can be run sequentially: capillary water absorption coefficient, total immersion, and evaporation curves.</p> <p>Some of these tests aid in the examination of building materials and the characterization of salts and other condition problems, which will help to determine the appropriate methods and materials for conservation and restoration.</p>

scholarly journals Development and characterization of sustainable lightweight geopolymer composites

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (373) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Khater
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Lightweight Composites ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
Geopolymer Composites

Abstract Production of lightweight building materials attract the attention of the scientists worldwide with the need for reducing the structure deadweight, provide better thermal insulation for buildings, and cost less to transport. The current work focused on the production of lightweight geopolymer composites by the incorporation of aluminum powder and aluminum slag in various ratios for water-cooled slag/kaolinite sand composite; the activators used were 6% of equal ratio from sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The properties of the produced lightweight geopolymer composites were studied by measurement of compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption, FTIR, XRD and SEM imaging. Results showed the enhancement for both physicomechanical and microstructural characteristics with using aluminum powder and aluminum slag forming lightweight composites with densities below 2.15 g/cm3 depending on the studied mix composition.

Ermittlung der Kapillartransportkoeffizienten mineralischer Baustoffe aus dem w-Wert / Estimating the capillary transport coefficients of mineral building materials from the water absorption coefficient

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
M. Krus ◽  
A. Holm ◽  
Th. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Transport Coefficients ◽  
Capillary Transport ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Moisture Balance ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
Building Components

Abstract Computer calculations are of increasing importance for the assessment of moisture balance in building components, since modern calculation methods achieve good agreement with measurements. A broader application of these methods is hampered, however, by the laborious measurements needed to determine the capillary transport coefficients essential for the calculations. A new method is therefore presented which allows to estimate the coefficients from wellknown standard material properties (free capillary saturation, practical moisture content and water absorption coefficient). These coefficients are sufficient for estimative assessment of the moisture balance of many materials, as is demonstrated by comparison of suction profiles calculated in this way and measured profiles.

Characterization of Silicate Ceramics Using Ultrasonics Test Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Kurama ◽  
Elif Eren Gültekin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Ultrasonic Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

Non-destructive testing techniques are widely used for testing ceramic materials. In our studies, two different types of ultrasonic test methods (A-scan and C-Scan) were investigated as non-destructive testing methods for characterization of porcelain tiles. Tiles were sintered in different temperatures to change their porosity and density properties. By changing of ultrasonic time and velocity related with samples’ some physical properties (such as bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity (%), water absorption (%)) inspected via contact A-scan ultrasonic test method. The results show that without necessity of traditional test methods, some physical properties of ceramics can be determined by using obtained ultrasonic velocity-bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity (%) and water absorption (%) calibration plots. Additionally, various defects were inspected in samples by using water immersion ultrasonic C-scan method. These results supported this study to obtain the information about defects’ size and place in the ceramic tiles. To support this non-destructive method results scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization was done and images give the information about the place of the defect.

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