Fake News Debunking and Counteractions – the Bulgarian Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Miteva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Project Leader ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Fact Checking

Careful and thorough fact-checking is a main tool for counteracting fake news, alternative facts and the context created in the Post-Truth Era. This paper examines the contemporary fact-checking mechanisms in the Bulgarian media environment. The methods applied are data analysis, interviews with proffessional journalists, a survey among media content users, and a case study. The research ws cnducted within the framework of the DCOST Project 01/10 – 04.07.2017 (project leader Prof. Lilia Raycheva), supported by the National Scientific Fund of Bulgaria, and developed within the Europpean Commission‘s Action IS 1404: Evolution of Reading in the Age of Digitization (E-READ).

A Taxonomy Approach to Fake News

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Valchanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channels ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Media Corporations

The development of the Internet and social media and networks as a media environment and communication channels combined with the specificity of the journalistic profession in the online environment are a factor which contributes to the emergence and proliferation of fake news. The lack of reliable fact checking by the media and the fast news consumption by the public lead to mass disinformation about certain issues or subjects. The current paper examines fake news from several points of view and describes the models of their use – as harmless jokes, as lack of journalistic competence or professionalism and as means of manipulation and intentional misleading of public opinion. The attempts of big media corporations to fight fake news are also described.

scholarly journals Asserting Journalistic Autonomy in the ‘Post-truth’ Era of ‘Alternative Facts’: Lessons from Reporting on the Orations of a Populist Leader

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Media Management ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Truth Logic ◽  
A Current

A current challenge for journalists is how to report on post-truth political discourse in an era when the statements of populist leaders are increasingly characterized by emotionalism, out-of-context use of verifiable facts, euphemisms and double speak. A case study of the much-reported maiden speech by populist leader Pauline Hanson to the Australian Senate in 2016 is used to identify trends and patterns in stories that resulted from her oration. The case study findings were used to distil nine recommendations for journalists about how to research and report on statements by high-profile political and opinion leaders who peddle suspected alternative facts and post-truth logic. The findings indicate a need for journalists to reassert their autonomy over storytelling agendas through decoding post-truth discourse to identify underlying news issues, then applying rigour in certain fundamentals of fact checking, information sourcing, framing and backgrounding of stories. The case study findings have international relevance because the politics and media-management strategies of Hanson and her One Nation party replicate those of populist opinion leaders in the United States, United Kingdom and many other countries.

scholarly journals Intentional or inadvertent fake news sharing? Fact-checking warnings and users’ interaction with social media content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ardèvol-Abreu ◽  
Patricia Delponti ◽  
Carmen Rodríguez-Wangüemert
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
False News ◽  
News Sharing

The main social media platforms have been implementing strategies to minimize fake news dissemination. These include identifying, labeling, and penalizing –via news feed ranking algorithms– fake publications. Part of the rationale behind this approach is that the negative effects of fake content arise only when social media users are deceived. Once debunked, fake posts and news stories should therefore become harmless. Unfortunately, the literature shows that the effects of misinformation are more complex and tend to persist and even backfire after correction. Furthermore, we still do not know much about how social media users evaluate content that has been fact-checked and flagged as false. More worryingly, previous findings suggest that some people may intentionally share made up news on social media, although their motivations are not fully explained. To better understand users’ interaction with social media content identified or recognized as false, we analyze qualitative and quantitative data from five focus groups and a sub-national online survey (N = 350). Findings suggest that the label of ‘false news’ plays a role –although not necessarily central– in social media users’ evaluation of the content and their decision (not) to share it. Some participants showed distrust in fact-checkers and lack of knowledge about the fact-checking process. We also found that fake news sharing is a two-dimensional phenomenon that includes intentional and unintentional behaviors. We discuss some of the reasons why some of social media users may choose to distribute fake news content intentionally.

The Theory of Post-Truth. Identification and Limitation of Fake News

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
The Media

The paper presents the theoretical and research aspects of media interrelations among the phenomena of post-truth, fake news, populist statements, and the use of alternative facts in political communication. It conducts a comparative analysis of these concepts and analyzes illustrative examples from the media environment in which the terms operate in the same information discourse. The main focus is on two key academic empirical studies whose theoretical and empirical scholarly approaches point to the main thesis of this paper – that post-truth and fake news create an emotional context of information perception and that this is the basis on which consumers and voters shape their behavior, reactions, understandings and views.

Trust in information sources during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Romanian case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Buturoiu ◽  
Nicoleta Corbu ◽  
Denisa-Adriana Oprea ◽  
Mădălina Boțan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Information Trust ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Higher levels of trust in credible sources of information in times of crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic increase public compliance with official recommendations, minimizing health risks and helping authorities manage the crisis. Based on a national survey (N=1160), this article explores (a) actual levels of trust in various sources of information (government websites, legacy media, social media, and interpersonal communication) during the pandemic and (b) a number of predictors of such trust. Results show that during the period studied government websites were the most trusted source of information. Trust in an information source is correlated with consumption of COVID-19–related news from that specific source, media fact-checking, and self-perception about the incidence of COVID-19–related fake news. Only income and age are significant trust predictors, and only with respect to specific source types.

scholarly journals Deepfake Phenomenon: An Advanced Form of Fake News and Its Implications on Reliable Journalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3(16)) ◽  
pp. 561-576
Author(s):  
Amina Vatreš
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sophisticated Technology

In the era of distinctly new media-marked social reality, the process of dissemination of disinformation is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. As one of the technological innovations that stands out in this field is the deepfake phenomenon – a hyper-realistic digital falsification of video and audio formats. Since it is based on the most sophisticated technology, supported by achievements in the field of artificial intelligence, deepfake unequivocally represents a kind of turning point in the context of production and distribution of fake audio-visual content. To poly perspective point to the multiple repercussions of this phenomenon, the paper provides a deeper insight into the very definition and the specific factors that contribute to the acceptance of deepfake, with special emphasis on its implications on reliable journalism and its social function. The text articulates the role of deepfake in the process of creating and receiving media content, as well as the problem of the emergence of erosion of public trust within a hyperreal media environment.

scholarly journals Humanitarian Communication in a Post-Truth World

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Literacy Training ◽  
Fact Checking

When people look online for information about humanitarian crises, they increasingly encounter media content that blurs the line between reality and fiction. This includes everything from rumour and exaggeration to partisan journalism and completely invented stories designed to look like real news (so-called ‘fake news’). This article shows that disinformation is causing real and serious harm to those affected by humanitarian emergencies; it can undermine the ability of humanitarian workers to provide relief; and it has exacerbated conflict and violence. Disinformation is also making it harder for journalists to report on the humanitarian sector, and hold the powerful to account, because it undermines audience trust in information more generally. The article concludes by considering interventions that could address the challenges of disinformation. It argues for more support of quality journalism about humanitarian crises, as well as media literacy training. Finally, it is crucial that aid agencies and news outlets commit to accuracy and fact checking in their reporting and campaigning.

Teaching Computer Based Historical Data Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Anderson ◽  
Robert J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social History ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Historical Data Analysis ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The University

A case study ofa third year course in the Department of Economic and Social History in the University of Edinburgh isusedto considerandhighlightaspects of good practice in the teaching of computer-assisted historical data analysis.

Marketing communication objectives through digital content marketing on social media

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-104
Author(s):  
Janice J. Nieves-Casasnovas ◽  
Frank Lozada-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Content Marketing

The purpose of this study was to determine what type of marketing communication objectives are present in the digital content marketing developed by luxury auto brands with social media presence in Puerto Rico, particularly Facebook. A longitudinal multiple-case study design was used to analyze five luxury auto brands using content analysis on Facebook posts. This analysis included identification of marketing communication objectives through social media content marketing strategies, type of media content and social media metrics. Our results showed that the most used objectives are brand awareness, brand personality, and brand salience. Another significant result is that digital content marketing used by brands in social media are focused towards becoming more visible and recognized; also, reflecting human-like traits and attitudes in their social media.

KAJIAN PENYELENGGARAAN PAUD DI KOTA BANJARMASIN DITINJAU DARI ASPEK PERENCANAAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Lisna Sulinar Sari
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Needs Analysis ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Early Childhood Institutions

Abstrak: Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dari jumlah lembaga PAUD yang ada diKota Banjarmasin belum semuanya memiliki perencanaan khususnya pada analisispeningkatan legalitas kelembagaan PAUD dan analisis kebutuhan pendidikan untuk anak usiadini (AUD). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan analisis data deskrtifkuantitatif dan kualitataif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: i) Disdik Kota Banjarmasin danLembaga PAUD sampel tidak melakukan perencanaan yang baik untuk pendataan analisiskebutuhan pendidikan AUD; ii) Belum semua lembaga PAUD sampel memiliki izinoperasional dikarenakan adanya persyaratan yang belum dapat dipenuhi karena memerlukanbiaya yang cukup besar seperti, pembuatan akta notaris; iii) Belum semua lembaga PAUDmemiliki sarpras sesuai dengan pedoman sarana dan prasarana dari pusat; iv) untuk membantuketersediaan sarpras, Disdik Kota Banjarmasin sudah mengalokasikan dana APBD II berupabantuan RKB, rehab kelas rusak ringan dan berat, serta bantuan APE Dalam dan Luar berupabarang. Abstract: The problem in this study is from the number of early childhood institutions in thecity of Banjarmasin not all have plans in particular to the analysis of institutional legalityincrease early childhood education and educational needs analysis for early childhood (AUD).This study uses a case study approach to data analysis of quantitative and qualitative deskrtif.The study shows that: i) Disdik Banjarmasin and Institutions ECD sample is not doing betterplanning for data analysis AUD educational needs; ii) Not all the samples of early childhoodinstitutions have an operating permit because of the requirements can not be met because itrequires significant costs such as notary deed; iii) Not all early childhood institutions haveinfrastructure accordance with the guidelines of the central infrastructure; iv) to assist theavailability infrastructure, Disdik Banjarmasin already allocated budget II in the form ofclassroom assistance, rehabilitation of damaged light and heavy classes, as well as the In andOut APE assistance in the form of goods.

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