Untimely Reasoning about Two Monuments. Between Architecture, Sculpture and Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Danailov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Artistic Analysis

The report compares the form-formation principles, key to the architecture of the Wexner Center for the Visual Arts (1983/89) Columbus, Ohio – of the American Peter Eisenmann – with some of the techniques used in the spatial – compositional solution of the destroyed Sofia monument “1300 Years Bulgaria” (1980/81–2017). The text refers to the 80’s of the twentieth century and the creative approaches, distinctive for some of the lastest „large-scale monuments“ realized in Bulgaria. These approaches are considered in the light of one opened architectural theory, absolutely oppositional to the one typical to our country at this time. The comparison aims to are to expand, within this date, the scope of the spatial-artistic analysis, committed to the relationship between the architecture, sculpture and the surrounding environment.

Philosophy and Common Sense

Philosophy ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (244) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jerry Fodor ◽  
Rational Acceptability ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This paper raises once more the question of the relationship between philosophy on the one hand and common sense on the other. More particularly, it is concerned with the role which common sense can play in passing judgment on the rational acceptability (or otherwise) of large-scale hypotheses in natural philosophy and the cosmological part of metaphysics. There are, as I see it, three stages through which the relationship has passed in the course of the twentieth century. There is the era of G. E. Moore, the Quine–Feyerabend period, and now a new and modest vindication of common sense is emerging in the work of Jerry Fodor.

scholarly journals FOLLOW THE MONEY: A LARGE-SCALE INVESTIGATION OF MONETIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION ON YOUTUBE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Coromina ◽  
Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández ◽  
Bernhard Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Industries ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Media System ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Dominant Actor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

While YouTube has become a dominant actor in the global media system, the relationship between platform, advertisers, and content creators has seen a series of conflicts around the question of monetization. Our paper draws on a critical media industries perspective to investigate the relationship between YouTube’s evolving platform strategies on the one side and content creators’ tactical adaptations on the other. This concerns the search for alternative revenue streams as well as content and referencing optimization seeking to grow audiences and algorithmic visibility. Drawing on an exhaustive sample (n=153.770) of “elite” channels (more than 100.000 subscribers) and their full video history (n=138.340.337), we parse links in video descriptions to investigate the appearance and spread of crowdfunding platforms like Patreon, but also of affiliate links, merchandise stores, or e-commerce websites like Etsy. We analyze the evolution of video length and posting frequency in response to platform policy as well as visibility tactics such as metadata and category optimization, keyword stuffing, or title phrasing. Taken together, these elements provide a broad picture of “industrialization” on YouTube, that is, of the ways creators seek to develop their channels into media businesses. While this contribution cannot replace more qualitative, in-depth research into particular channels or channel groups, we hope to provide a representative picture of YouTube’s elite channels and their quest for visibility and success from their beginnings up to early 2020.

Uncertainty analysis of solar/geomagnetic activity impact on terrestrial variables, based on the information theory 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Mares ◽  
Constantin Mares ◽  
Venera Dobrica ◽  
Crisan Demetrescu
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Total Correlation ◽  
External Forcings ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The present study aims at investigating uncertainty of external factors, namely the solar/geomagnetic forcing on the terrestrial variables as the Danube discharge and the atmospheric indices at the large scale. Our analysis was performed separately for each season, for two time periods, 1901-2000 and 1948-2000.</p><p>The relationship between terrestrial variables and external factors was achieved by applying the information theory elements as synergy, redundancy, total correlation and transfer entropy. </p><p>The results differ depending on the time of year and the analysed variables.</p><p>From this analysis resulted that the two external forcings can be considered together as predictors for certain cases, while for others they are very redundant, therefore the one that produces the lowest uncertainty connection was selected.</p>

The Icon and Visual Arts During the Russian Religious Renaissance

2020 ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Clemena Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Simple Observation ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The One ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Artistic Tradition

This chapter begins from a simple observation, namely, that what has been called ‘the Russian religious renaissance of the twentieth century’ coincided in time with two important movements in the sphere of the visual arts. On the one hand, there was a sweeping revival of interest in the medieval icon at the beginning of the twentieth century, which left almost no sphere of cultural life untouched. On the other, in artistic terms, the whole period was largely defined by the advent of the Russian avant-garde. I would like to consider the junction at which these three developments overlapped, informed, influenced, even opposed and clashed with one another. According to the interpretation proposed here, it is the mixture and the coexistence of a revived Orthodoxy, a reawakened focus on the medieval artistic tradition, and the rise of avant-garde modernism that gave a unique flavour to early twentieth-century Russian culture. The debates on the function and the meaning of the icon in the period between the 1910s and the early 1920s ultimately suggested different answers to the problem of the role of religion in modernity.

The Problem of ‘Atheism’ in Early Modern England

1985 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 135-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

To speak of ‘atheism’ in the context of early modern England immediately invites confusion, and it is for this reason that I shall place the word in inverted commas throughout this paper. On the one hand, I intend to deal with what a twentieth-century reader might expect ‘atheism’ to imply, namely overt hostility to religion. On the other, I want to consider at some length the profuse writings on ‘atheism’ that survive from the period: in these, as we shall see, the word if often used to describe a much broader range of phenomena, in a manner typical of a genre which often appears frustratingly heightened and rhetorical. Some might argue that this juxtaposition displays—and will encourage—muddled thought. But, on the contrary, I think that it is precisely from such a combination that we stand to learn most. Not only are we likely to discover how contemporaries experienced and responded to the threat of irreligion in the society of their day. In addition, by re-examining the relationship between the real and the exaggerated in their perceptions of such heterodoxy, we may be able to draw broader conclusions about early modern thought.

scholarly journals La “nave” che salpa verso il paesaggio alpino: villa Borsotti a Balme

ARCHALP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Dini
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Small House ◽  
The One ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

"The project for Villa Borsotti, whose construction ended in 1932, is the result of a collaboration between the architect Umberto Cuzzi and the artist Gigi Chessa, who built this small house at the edge of the village of Balme in Val d’Ala di Lanzo, in the area surrounding Turin. The essay focuses on the genesis of the project, with reference to the cultural and professional context within which the protagonists have worked. In terms of the relationship between the external aspect and its location in the Alpine context, the building seems to be characterized by the presence of two apparently opposite tendencies. On the one hand, the building looks for a contextualization in the mountain landscape through the declination in local key of a rationalist language, with a modern use of local dialect, composed of “lemmas” from the Alpine building tradition (stone masonry, wooden infill, bipartition between stone basement and wooden upper floor, etc.). At the same time, thanks to the bending configuration of the plan and the ribbon window, the surrounding environment also “enters” the house and becomes an integral part of it. On the other, the house seems to pursue the effect of alienation from the context through the conscious research of a formal autonomy with which the object “lands” in the natural framework of the valley. Another interesting trait of the house is the treatment of interiors according to the idea of configuring a wrap-around environment in which architecture and interior design are strongly intertwined."

scholarly journals Nature, Nation and the Dam. Narratives about the Harnessed Waterfall in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Water Power ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
The One

When the first large-scale hydroelectric power plants were built in Sweden at the beginning of the twentieth century, the waterfall became a twofold symbol of the Swedish nation. On the one hand, the harnessed waterfall promised unlimited energy and economic growth, and thus turned into a unifying symbol of a national productive landscape. On the other hand, the unharnessed wild waterfall, to be enjoyed by tourists seeking refuge from the modern industrial world, became a symbol of a national recreational landscape. This situation, however problematic, did not result in conflict. Taking a look at the first two state-built water power plants in Sweden, I trace how the two contrasting concepts of landscape were harmonized within public discourse. I demonstrate how engineers, architects, conservationists, tourist organisations, and journalists together produced a broad public acceptance of the drastic changes in the national landscape brought about by the construction of these power stations.

The “Black Buddhism Plan”: Buddhism, Race, and Empire in the Early Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Adeana McNicholl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Pacific ◽  
The One ◽  
Single Figure ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT This article traces the life of a single figure, Sufi Abdul Hamid, to bring into conversation the history of the transmission of Buddhism to the United States with the emergence of new Black religio-racial movements in the early twentieth century. It follows Hamid's activities in the 1930s to ask what Hamid's life reveals about the relationship between Buddhism and race in the United States. On the one hand, Hamid's own negotiation of his identity as a Black Orientalist illustrates the contentious process through which individuals negotiate their religio-racial identities in tension with hegemonic religio-racial frameworks. Hamid constructed a Black Orientalist identity that resignified Blackness while criticizing the racial injustice foundational to the American nation-state. His Black Orientalist identity at times resonated with global Orientalist discourses, even while being recalcitrant to the hegemonic religio-racial frameworks of white Orientalism. The subversive positioning of Hamid's Black Orientalist identity simultaneously lent itself to his racialization by others. This is illustrated through Hamid's posthumous implication in a conspiracy theory known as the “Black Buddhism Plan.” This theory drew on imaginations of a Black Pacific community formulated by both Black Americans and by government authorities who created Japanese Buddhists and new Black religio-racial movements as subjects of surveillance. The capacious nature of Hamid's religio-racial identity, on the one hand constructed and performed by Hamid himself, and on the other created in the shadow of the dominant discourses of a white racial state, demonstrates that Buddhism in the United States is always constituted by race.

Constructing Conflict: The Politics of Job Creation Policy, Precarious Work, and Citizenship in South Africa’s Construction Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110355
Author(s):  
Ben Scully ◽  
Thabiso Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Wage Work ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The paper examines the politics of state job creation policy in South Africa. We focus on the construction industry, which is a major sector for job creation policy, especially through a large scale public works programme. We argue that, while the creation of jobs is framed by government as a path towards dignity and social inclusion for poor and unemployed citizens, the precarious reality of low-wage work in the construction industry undermines the potential pro-social effects of wage employment. Beneficiaries of job creation policy often experience frustration and alienation, and the construction sites on which they work are often marked by conflict and disruption. We describe two different forms that this conflict takes, on the one hand demanding wage work as a citizenship right, on the other eschewing generalized citizenship claims in favour of particularistic and exclusionary demands for jobs based on localized identities. These seemingly contradictory but intertwined types of conflict show the complexity of the relationship between state job creation and citizenship rights in an industry and an economy defined by precarious forms of employment.

Steuern und Regeln

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Cognitive Technology ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

In the traditional philosophy of technology, the two main modus operandi found in conventional technology are categorised and described under the terms ‘control’ and ‘regulation’ as a way of differentiating between them. This occurs for two reasons: on the one hand, in order to specify the difference between the forms of technology that have been developed by since the Neolithic revolution and the ‘accidental’ technology (as discussed by Ortega y Gasset) of higher species or prehistoric man, and on the other to reveal the relationship between technology and (natural) science more precisely. In the meantime, however, modern technologies and new epistemic practices are challenging historical descriptions of the nature of technoscience and the dichotomy between ‘control’ and ‘regulation’ respectively. Bearing in mind the so-called new emerging sciences and technologies (NEST) and other developments in IT, cognitive technology, nanotechnology and biotechnology, this volume examines who or what can be conceptualised as the subject of processes of control and regulation. In terms of large-scale systems and the organisation of large social structures, methods of control are becoming increasingly problematic because digital information technologies especially are creating new, diverse ways of manipulating and regulating processes or conditions, for example monitoring, big data and profiling, while the counteractive consequences of the same development, for example the ever-increasing amount of data, acceleration, automatisation and the logic of sociotechnical infrastructures, are increasingly throwing the possibility of coordinated control into doubt.

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