Decision Errors, Organizational Iatrogenesis, and Errors of the Seventh Kind

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-284
Author(s):  
Mark Meckler ◽  
Kim Boal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Errors

An Application of the HFACS Method to Aviation Accidents in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Munene
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Decision Errors

Abstract. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) methodology was applied to accident reports from three African countries: Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. In all, 55 of 72 finalized reports for accidents occurring between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed. In most of the accidents, one or more human factors contributed to the accident. Skill-based errors (56.4%), the physical environment (36.4%), and violations (20%) were the most common causal factors in the accidents. Decision errors comprised 18.2%, while perceptual errors and crew resource management accounted for 10.9%. The results were consistent with previous industry observations: Over 70% of aviation accidents have human factor causes. Adverse weather was seen to be a common secondary casual factor. Changes in flight training and risk management methods may alleviate the high number of accidents in Africa.

The effects of using the wrong genetic model to predict the merit of crossbred genotypes

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Kinghorn ◽  
P. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Epistatic Interaction ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
Decision Errors ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the consequences of using the wrong genetic model when predicting the merit of previously untested crossbred genotypes. Eight models are considered, seven including different biological interpretations of two-locus epistatic interaction, plus one excluding epistatic effects. Published results from 13 genotypes generated from Hereford and Angus parental breeds were analysed, and predictions of a further seven genotypes made using different models. Under a dominance model, the predicted superiority in pregnancy rate (%) of a ¾ Hereford: ¼ Angus composite over a two-breed rotation was +1·2%, yet under all other models this was a negative value ranging from –1·9% to –3·7%. However, few such cases were found in which significant decision errors could conceivably be made. It is concluded that decisions on the choice of crossbred genotypes are generally quite robust to differences in the genetic model of the type studied here

scholarly journals INTEGRATED AGENT‐BASED CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT: CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Tatari ◽  
Mirosław Skibniewski
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Agent Technology ◽  
Construction Equipment ◽  
Equipment Management ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Automated Data Integration ◽  
Decision Errors

Effective management of equipment is crucial for the success of construction firms. Inadequate manual processes of equipment management and the subjective decisions of equipment managers usually result in major losses in construction firms, hence, the economy. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce an agent‐based equipment management system aiming to increase integration and automation, and to minimise decision errors. Recent research on agent technology allows the proposition of an automated and integrated application for equipment management. The proposed application makes use of the current databases of the firm and adds wireless technology to construction equipment for automated data integration.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological correlates of confidence differ across correct and erroneous perceptual decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C Feuerriegel ◽  
Mackenzie Murphy ◽  
Alexandra Konski ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Vinay Mepani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Decision Confidence ◽  
Amplitude Measurement ◽  
Error Positivity ◽  
Frontal Activity ◽  
Decision Errors ◽  
Confidence Ratings

Every decision we make is accompanied by an estimate of the likelihood that our decision is accurate or appropriate. This likelihood estimate is termed our degree of decision confidence. Recent work has uncovered event-related potential (ERP) correlates of confidence both during decision formation and after a decision has been made. However, the interpretation of these findings is complicated by methodological issues related to ERP amplitude measurement that are prevalent across existing studies. To more accurately characterise the neural correlates of confidence, we presented participants with a difficult perceptual decision task that elicited a broad range of confidence ratings. We identified a frontal ERP component within an onset prior to the behavioural response, which exhibited more positive-going amplitudes in trials with higher confidence ratings. This frontal effect also biased measures of the centro-parietal positivity (CPP) component at parietal electrodes via volume conduction. Amplitudes of the error positivity (Pe) component that followed each decision were negatively associated with confidence for trials with decision errors, but not for trials with correct decisions. We provide evidence for both pre- and post- decisional neural correlates of decision confidence that are observed in trials with correct and erroneous decisions, respectively. Our findings suggest that certainty in having made a correct response is associated with frontal activity during decision formation, whereas certainty in having committed an error is instead associated with the post-decisional Pe component. We additionally show that some previously reported associations between decision confidence and CPP/Pe component amplitudes are (at least partly) a consequence of ERP amplitude measurement-related confounds.

scholarly journals Testing Claimed Minimal Detectable Concentrations of in Vitro Medical Diagnostic Devices

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1669-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Davenport ◽  
Brian Schlain
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Decision Tool ◽  
Statistical Decision ◽  
Constant Variance ◽  
Detectable Concentration ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Decision Errors

Abstract Manufacturers and users of medical diagnostic devices are provided a statistical decision tool for investigating a claimed minimal detectable concentration (MDC). The MDC is defined by setting two respective probabilities: that the blank sample being analyzed is determined to have analyte and that the device fails to determine a low concentration of analyte at the MDC. The statistical procedure for simultaneously testing the two aforementioned analytical decision errors assumes that signal responses follow a gaussian distribution but does not require a fitted calibration curve, knowledge of distribution parameters, or the assumption of constant variance in the low assay range. Evaluation of the operating characteristics of the procedure requires knowledge only of the variance ratio between the MDC and zero-dose signal distributions, which usually is well known.

Abstract A06: Reducing decision errors in the paired comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of continuous screening tests.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy M. Ringham ◽  
Todd A. Alonzo ◽  
John T. Brinton ◽  
Keith E. Muller ◽  
Deborah H. Glueck
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Decision Errors
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