Who is seen as a charismatic leader? The role of environmental features in charisma attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 18504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Jolanthe Hentrup ◽  
Nicolas Bastardoz ◽  
Jochen I. Menges
Keyword(s):  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
Environmental Features

scholarly journals The role of phytophysiognomies and seasonality on the structure of ground-dwelling anuran (Amphibia) in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIELE P. MARAGNO ◽  
TIAGO G. SANTOS ◽  
SONIA Z. CECHIN
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Pseudis Minuta

ABSTRACT Considering that habitat use by amphibians is related both with climate and environmental features, we tested the hypothesis that anuran assemblages found in different phytophysiognomies and in different seasons vary in structure. Additionally, we searched for species which can be indicators of habitat and seasons. The study was conducted in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil. Sampling was done through pitfall traps placed in three phytophysiognomies: grassland, ecotone grassland/forest; and forest. The seasonality factor was created by grouping months in warn and cold seasons. Sixteen species were found and the assemblages were influenced both by phytophysiognomies and climatic seasonality. In a paired comparison, the three phytophysiognomies differed in structure of assemblage from each other. Physalaemus henselii, P. riograndensis, Pseudopaludicola falcipes and Pseudis minuta were indicators of ecotone. Leptodactylus gracilis and Physalaemus biligonigerus were indicators of grassland. None species was indicator of forest. Most of the species were indicators of warm season: Elachistocleis bicolor, Leptodactylus fuscus, L. gracilis, L. latinasus, L. latrans, L. mystacinus, Physalaemus biligonigerus, P. cuvieri and Pseudis minuta. None species was indicator of cold season. We found that even for species of open areas, as Pampa, heterogeneous phytophysiognomies are important for maintaining abundance and constancy of populations of anuran.

Do cave salamanders occur randomly in cavities? An analysis with Hydromantes strinatii

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gentile Francesco Ficetola ◽  
Roberta Pennati ◽  
Raoul Manenti
Keyword(s):  
Detection Probability ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Nw Italy ◽  
Cave Habitat

Underground environments are increasingly recognised as important habitats for the distribution of certain amphibians. However, very few analyses tested whether amphibians occur randomly in underground environments, or they select cavities with specific environmental features. We assessed the distribution of the cave salamander Hydromantes (Speleomantes) strinatii in an area of NW Italy during summer, and analysed relationships between salamander distribution and multiple cave features, considering parameters describing both the biotic and the abiotic environment. Using visual encounter surveys, species’ detection probability was high, indicating that this technique provides reliable information on distribution. Salamanders were associated to caves with cold and humid microclimate, presence of wet walls, and hosting large numbers of Meta spiders. The association with less luminous caves was close to significance. Distribution data were not affected by spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that cave features are more important than the proximity to other occupied caves in determining the pattern of occupancy. Caves are heterogeneous environments: cave salamanders are strongly related to the features of underground environments. Food availability and abiotic features are major determinants of suitability for cave salamanders. Inter-correlation among biotic and abiotic cave features makes it complex identifying the role of factors determining species distribution, but quantitative analyses and PCA help to unravel the cave habitat requirements for amphibians.

Memorial space and its mnemonic function

2019 ◽  
pp. 175069801988872
Author(s):  
Robb Conrad Lauzon
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Mnemonic Function ◽  
Memorial Space

In this article, I argue that the meaning of memorial space can be better understood by turning our focus to the ambient characteristics of these spaces. Ambience is used here to refer to the environmental features that exist at the periphery of our attention. Here, I offer advice from ancient teachers of the art of memory that prescribes spaces with particular environmental qualities as evidence of the important role that these spaces serve in the storage and recollection of memories. Advice such as practice in solitude in dim lit spaces—or well lit, according to the teacher—highlights the importance that these ancient teachers placed on ambience for the proper storage of memories. We also know that these architectural mnemonic features were also “turned outward” to convey meaning. Instead of the traditional semiotic approach to architectural criticism that looks at commemorative symbolism, this article follows an approach that interrogates architecture’s mnemonic function. An analysis of the ambient features emphasized in Ottawa’s urban planning documents reveals that this is an important yet often overlooked aspect of urban spaces by those who study memorials. The Todd Plan, The Holt Report, and The Gréber Plan serve as a foundation for understanding the character of Ottawa’s space. Other more recent urban planning documents from the National Capital Commission are brought in to demonstrate how the role of ambience is afforded even greater prominence than it already was. Reconsidering the different types of spaces (natural and open space) and the role of sensation as uniquely ambient features of space open up new possibilities for examining the memories that these characteristics invoke in audiences. By unpacking the meaning of memorial space, through a mnemonic lens we are able to more thoughtfully engage with the reception of these spaces by visitors.

scholarly journals Maximum entropy method-based forest fire prediction mapping of Sikkim Himalaya.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polash Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Maximum Entropy Method ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sikkim Himalaya ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Validation Criteria ◽  
Forest Fire Model

Abstract The recent episodes of forest fire in Brazil and Australia of 2019 are tragic reminders of the hazards of the forest fire. Globally incidents of forest fire events are in the rise due to human encroachment into wilderness and climate change. Sikkim with a forest cover of more than 47%, suffers seasonal instances of frequent forest fire during the dry winter months. To address this issue, a GIS-aided and MaxEnt machine learning-based forest fire prediction map has been prepared using forest fire inventory database and maps of environmental features. The study indicates that amongst the environmental features, population density and proximity to roads are the major determinants of the forest fire. This indicates the role of human activities on the incidences of a forest fire. Model validation criteria like ROC curve, correlation coefficient and Cohen’s Kappa show a good predictive capability (AUC = 0.95, COR = 0.77, κ = 0.77). The outcomes of this study in the form of a forest fire prediction map can aid the stakeholders of the forest in taking informed mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Followers’ HEXACO personality traits and preference for charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Breevaart ◽  
Reinout E. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
Need Fulfillment ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Or Task ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine the HEXACO personality traits in relation to followers’ preference for charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership. Based on the similarity perspective, we expected followers high on Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience to prefer a charismatic leader, and those followers high on conscientiousness and low on Openness to Experience to prefer a task-oriented leader. In addition, from a need fulfillment perspective, we expected followers high on Emotionality to prefer a task- and a relationship-oriented leader. We examined these expectations using paper vignette methodology in a sample of 272 undergraduates. The results showed that most participants preferred a relationship-oriented leader over a charismatic or task-oriented leader. In addition, we found support for all our hypotheses, with the exception of the relations between Honesty-Humility and preference for charismatic leadership, and Conscientiousness and preference for task-oriented leadership. Our findings contribute to the nomological network of the role of follower characteristics in the leader-follower relationship. Implications and suggestions for research on charismatic leadership are provided.

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