Group Brainstorming: The Effects of Collective Intelligence, Individual Ability, and Task Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 13905
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ostrowski ◽  
Anita Williams Woolley ◽  
Ki-won Haan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Group Brainstorming ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
And Task

Translating Member Ability Into Group Brainstorming Performance: The Role of Collective Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 104649642110603
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ostrowski ◽  
Anita Williams Woolley ◽  
Ki-Won Haan
Keyword(s):  
Group Work ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Work Task ◽  
Hybrid Individual ◽  
Group Brainstorming ◽  
Better Than

In investigating how member ability is translated into group brainstorming performance, it was predicted that a group’s collective intelligence (CI) would enable it to capitalize on member ability while maximizing process gains and mitigating process losses. Ninety-nine groups were randomly assigned to complete a short brainstorming task using a hybrid (individual-group work) or collective (only group work) task structure. High CI groups were better than low CI groups at translating member ability into group brainstorming performance. Additionally, this hybrid structure was more beneficial for low CI groups than for high CI groups in generating total ideas.

Learning from feedback: Effects of task information and task structure

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Newell ◽  
Nicola J. Weston ◽  
Richard Tunney ◽  
David R. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Task Structure ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
And Task

Division of labor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanish Puranam
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Heuristic Approaches ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Task Division ◽  
And Task

Division of labor involves task division and task allocation. An extremely important consequence of task division and allocation is the creation of interdependence between agents. In fact, division of labor can be seen as a process that converts interdependence between tasks into interdependence between agents. While there are many ways in which the task structure can be chunked and divided among agents, two important heuristic approaches involve division of labor by activity vs. object. I show that a choice between these two forms of division of labor only arises when the task structure is non-decomposable, but the product itself is decomposable. When the choice arises, a key criterion for selection between activity vs. object-based division of labor is the gain from specialization relative to the gain from customization.

scholarly journals Effects of stimulus and task structure on temporal perceptual learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannie Xu ◽  
Russell M. Church ◽  
Yuka Sasaki ◽  
Takeo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Interval Representation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Temporal Learning ◽  
And Task

AbstractOur ability to discriminate temporal intervals can be improved with practice. This learning is generally thought to reflect an enhancement in the representation of a trained interval, which leads to interval-specific improvements in temporal discrimination. In the present study, we asked whether temporal learning is further constrained by context-specific factors dictated through the trained stimulus and task structure. Two groups of participants were trained using a single-interval auditory discrimination task over 5 days. Training intervals were either one of eight predetermined values (FI group), or random from trial to trial (RI group). Before and after the training period, we measured discrimination performance using an untrained two-interval temporal comparison task. Our results revealed a selective improvement in the FI group, but not the RI group. However, this learning did not generalize between the trained and untrained tasks. These results highlight the sensitivity of TPL to stimulus and task structure, suggesting that mechanisms of temporal learning rely on processes beyond changes in interval representation.

The Effect of Processing Code, Response Modality and Task Difficulty on Dual Task Performance and Subjective Workload in a Manual System

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Liu ◽  
Christopher D. Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
And Task

We report here the first experiment of a series studying the effect of task structure and difficulty demand on time-sharing performance and workload in both automated and corresponding manual systems. The experimental task involves manual control time-shared with spatial and verbal decisions tasks of two levels of difficulty and two modes of response (voice or manual). The results provide strong evidence that tasks and processes competing for common processing resources are time shared less effectively and have higher workload than tasks competing for separate resources. Subjective measures and the structure of multiple resources are used in conjunction to predict dual task performance. The evidence comes from both single task and from dual task performance.

Effect of Experimenter's Expectancy in Relation to Type and Structure of the Experimental Task

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris L. Shames ◽  
John G. Adair
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Card ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Expectancy Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Numerosity Estimation ◽  
And Task ◽  
Female Subjects

The present studies sought to investigate variables related to the mediation of the experimenter's expectancy effect and the generality of this phenomenon. It was hypothesized that the type of experimental task, defined by the presence or absence of factual or emotional components, and the structure of the task, defined by the ambiguity which the subject faces in making the judgments required of him, exert a moderating influence on the transmission of the experimenter's expectancy. Two studies employing a Rosenthal replication and numerosity estimation (Study 1) and a modified Rosenthal replication and modified numerosity estimation (Study 2) were run. 40 male experimenters ran 154 female subjects in both conditions across each of these studies. Subjects rated photographs of faces for success or failure in the Rosenthal replications and the number of dots per stimulus card in the numerosity estimations, with positive and negative expectancies induced in the former and over- and underestimation biases in the latter. It was concluded that the type of task and task-structure are indeed crucial variables for the transmission of the experimenter's expectancy.

Effects of enterprise social media usage on task performance through perceived task structure: the moderating role of perceived team diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manting Deng ◽  
Hefu Liu ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Guanqi Ding
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Enterprise Social Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

PurposeOrganisations have widely adopted enterprise social media (ESM) to improve employees' task performance. This study aims to explore the mediating role of perceived task structure on the relationship between ESM usage and employee task performance. The authors investigate the moderating effects of perceived team diversity on the relationship between ESM usage and perceived task structure.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a questionnaire survey in China on 251 working professionals who use social media in their respective organisations.FindingsResults showed that employees' perception of task structure considerably mediates the relationship between ESM usage and task performance. Findings also confirmed that perceived team diversity negatively affects the relationship between ESM usage and perceived task interdependence.Research limitations/implicationsPractitioners and/or managers should pay attention to the effect of ESM usage on employee's perceived task structure. Furthermore, they should focus on the level of team diversity when adopting ESM to enhance task performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the knowledge of perceived task structure in explaining the effect of ESM usage on task performance based on communication visibility theory. This work presents the relationship among ESM usage, perceived task structure, perceived team diversity and task performance. Moreover, this research enriches the literature on ESM usage by investigating the moderating roles of perceived team diversity whilst presenting the negative effects of perceived team diversity.

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