Assignment of Credit and Blame for Performance Outcomes

J. Michael Crant; Thomas S. Bateman

doi:10.5465/256510

ASSIGNMENT OF CREDIT AND BLAME FOR PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES.

Academy of Management Journal ◽

10.2307/256510 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 7-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

J. M. Crant ◽

T. S. Bateman

Keyword(s):

Performance Outcomes ◽

Assignment Of Credit

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Quantifying Vocal Power: Correlation of Whole-Body Anaerobic Power to Vocal Function Measures

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (8) ◽

pp. 2597-2608

Author(s):

Emily N. Snell ◽

Laura W. Plexico ◽

Aurora J. Weaver ◽

Mary J. Sandage

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Sound Level ◽

Whole Body ◽

Vocal Function ◽

Laryngeal Diadochokinesis ◽

High Sound

Purpose The purpose of this preliminary study was to identify a vocal task that could be used as a clinical indicator of the vocal aptitude or vocal fitness required for vocally demanding occupations in a manner similar to that of the anaerobic power tests commonly used in exercise science. Performance outcomes for vocal tasks that require rapid acceleration and high force production may be useful as an indirect indicator of muscle fiber complement and bioenergetic fitness of the larynx, an organ that is difficult to study directly. Method Sixteen women (age range: 19–24 years, M age = 22 years) were consented for participation and completed the following performance measures: forced vital capacity, three adapted vocal function tasks, and the horizontal sprint test. Results Using a within-participant correlational analyses, results indicated a positive relationship between the rate of the last second of a laryngeal diadochokinesis task that was produced at a high fundamental frequency/high sound level and anaerobic power. Forced vital capacity was not correlated with any of the vocal function tasks. Conclusions These preliminary results indicate that aspects of the laryngeal diadochokinesis task produced at a high fundamental frequency and high sound level may be useful as an ecologically valid measure of vocal power ability. Quantification of vocal power ability may be useful as a vocal fitness assessment or as an outcome measure for voice rehabilitation and habilitation for patients with vocally demanding jobs.

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Executive Functions and Clinical and Academic Outcomes in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2020_persp-19-00143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1221-1230

Author(s):

Jane Roitsch ◽

Kimberly A. Murphy ◽

Anastasia M. Raymer

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Academic Outcomes ◽

Graduate Program ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Future Research ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Grade Point ◽

Praxis Ii ◽

Language Pathology ◽

Preliminary Study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate executive function measures as they relate to clinical and academic performance outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students. Method An observational design incorporating correlations and stepwise multiple regressions was used to determine the strength of the relationships between clinical outcomes that occurred at various time points throughout the graduate program (clinical coursework grades throughout the program and case study paper scores at the end of the program), academic outcomes (graduate grade point average and Praxis II exam in speech-language pathology scores), and executive function (EF) scores (EF assessment scores, self-reported EF scores). Participants were 37 students (36 women, M age = 24.1) in a master's degree program in speech-language pathology at a southeastern U.S. university during the 2017–2018 academic year. Results Findings of this preliminary study indicated that a limited number of objective EF scores and self-reported EF scores were related to clinical and academic outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students. Conclusion As results of this preliminary study suggest that EF tests may be related to clinical and academic outcomes, future research can move to study the potential role of EF measures in the graduate admissions process in clinical graduate programs such as speech-language pathology.

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