scholarly journals Perfect and Possessive Structures in Irish and Russian

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Viktor Bayda ◽  

The present article has two main objectives. First of, all it aims to introduce Slavonic data into the discussion of the Irish perfect. As the perfect is a category which is not often used by the literati who have been the only source of written evidence on language history for centuries, its development remains concealed to a considerable extent. This lack of diachronic data leads us to hypothetical reconstructions. The Russian literary and dialectal perfect forms may provide some evidence as to how a similar structure may have also developed in Irish. Certain explanations of the Russian form could thus be equally applicable to the making of the Irish perfect. Presenting these explanations and the ways of applying them to the Irish perfect forms the second objective of the article.

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Michiel de Vaan

In discussions on the history of Dutch phonology, vowels have played a more prominent role than consonants. In some recent and forthcoming publications (de Vaan 2012, forthcoming a, forthcoming b), I show that the consonants also hold important clues for language history in the Low Countries. The present article is a survey of the main pre-1200 consonant changes affecting the dialects of what eventually became the Dutch language. As far as possible, I add the relative or absolute chronology of the changes involved.


1982 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 157-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Wittig

Ever since Georg Schepss wrote ‘Zu König Alfreds “Boethius”’, scholars have thought that Alfred's translation depended to a considerable extent upon an early Latin commentary. Dorothy Whitelock has stated the current position of Old English scholarship succinctly: ‘There is no doubt that Alfred's work did use a Latin commentary on Boethius’ work … which was clearly related to the one now normally ascribed to Remigius of Auxerre.’ It is the purpose of the present article to reconsider that hypothesis and to argue that it should be rejected.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (21/22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Belobrovtseva

The present article addresses the problem of literary bilingualism. Summing up linguists’ disagreements concerning the content and scope of the notion of bilingualism, this article, which in its practical part addresses the situation of Russian-Estonian literary bilingualism, can be considered a prolegomenon to this subject. The problem of Estonian-Russian literary bilingualism is discussed on the basis of the poetic output of Jaan Kaplinski (whose native language is Estonian) and Igor Kotjukh (whose native language is Russian), both of whom have been active as bilingual writers for many years, and on the basis of a recently published novel by Kalle Käsper Чудо (Wonder, 2017)—Kalle Käsper’s debut as a Russian writer. The problem of literary bilingualism will be discussed in the framework of the following methods: stylistic analysis of the text, interviews with bilingual writers, and the analysis of bilingual writers’ texts from the perspective of the presence of Russian/Estonian linguistic and cultural substrata.   Käesoleva artikli praktiline osa käsitleb vene-eesti kirjandusliku kakskeelsuse olukorda, teoreetilises osas võetakse kokku keeleteadlaste lahkarvamused kakskeelsuse mõiste sisu ja ulatuse üle. Eesti-vene kirjandusliku kakskeelsuse küsimust vaadeldakse eesti emakeelega Jaan Kaplinski ja vene emakeelega Igor Kotjuhi luuleloomingu põhjal. Mõlemad autorid on palju aastaid tegutsenud kakskeelsete kirjanikena. Samuti käsitletakse Kalle Käsperi hiljuti ilmunud venekeelset romaani „Ime“ (2017), mis oli Käsperi debüüt vene kirjanikuna. Kirjandusliku kakskeelsuse küsimust arutatakse stilistilise tekstianalüüsi ja kakskeelsete kirjanikega tehtud intervjuude abil, toetudes kakskeelsete kirjanike tekstide analüüsile, mis uurib vene/eesti keelelise ja kultuurilise aluskihi olemasolu nende teostes. Üldjuhul on keeleteadlaste hoiak kakskeelsuse suhtes üsna lähedal kakskeelsuse tunnustamisele nähtusena, mis ei nõua ilmtingimata mõlema keele võrdset valdamist (André Martinet); samuti ei nõua see ka selliste oskuste võrdset valdamist nagu teisest keelest arusaamine, selle rääkimine, lugemine ja kirjutamine (John T. Macnamara). Enamik sajandivahetusel sel alal tehtud uurimustest käsitleb kakskeelsuse kognitiivset aspekti. Tõestati ideed, et kakskeelsus formeerus õppimise käigus, s.t pärast emakeele omandamise lõpetamist. Lükates ümber hirme, mis puudutavad kakskeelsuse negatiivset mõju haprale inimteadvusele, jõudis teadus järeldusele, et kakskeelsus hoopiski ergutab inimese kognitiivseid võimeid. Erinevalt kakskeelsuse kui keelelise nähtuse uurimisest pole kirjandusliku kakskeelsuse definitsioonide vahel lahknevusi: kakskeelsed kirjanikud on need kirjanikud, kes oskavad hästi kahte või enamat keelt. Seoses globaliseerumisega võib ette näha selliste kakskeelsete kirjanike arvu kiiret kasvu, kes ei oska oma loomingus kasutatavaid keeli võrdsel tasemel. Kirjandusliku kakskeelsuse olukorda mõjutab ka postmodernismi ajajärk, kus kirjandust peetakse mänguks. Arvestades vene keele komplitseeritud olukorda Eestis, on huvitav jälgida, kuidas Jaan Kaplinski ja Kalle Käsper seletavad, miks nad mõnikord vene keeles kirjutavad. Kaplinski on märkinud oma professionaalset huvi selle teema vastu: ta on soovinud võrrelda teatavaid korduvaid arhailisi vene keele struktuure analoogiliste struktuuridega mõnes soome-ugri keeles. Tema venekeelsetes luuletustes väljendab nostalgiatunnet vanapärane kirjaviis. Kaplinski on ka väitnud, et teises keeles kirjutamine on kirjanikule suureks väljakutseks. Käsperi huvi vene keele vastu tekkis kirjaniku enda väitel järkjärgult. Ta on alati öelnud, et soovib jõuda laiema lugejaskonnani. See on täielikus kooskõlas sellega, mida teoreetikud räägivad keelevahetuse pragmaatilisest aspektist: keele valiku dikteerivad suurem maa ja „suurem“ kultuur. Lisaks Kaplinski ja Käsperi enesestmõistetavatele strateegiatele tuleb arvesse võtta veel ühte tegurit – see on eskapism. Nimetatud kirjanike eskapism on seotud nende protestimeeleoludega. Suhteliselt noort luuletajat Kotjuhi aga eristab Kaplinskist ja Käsperist tema soov eksisteerida ühtede ja samade tekstidega korraga nii eesti kui vene kirjanduses. Ta teadvustab ka ise järjest rohkem oma kogemust kakskeelse autorina. Ta rõhutab oma luules rohkem kultuuride ühtesulamist kui seda, kui erinevad nad on. Tema areng luuletajana näitab luule postmodernistliku komponendi innukat omaksvõttu. Kui varasemalt seletati translingualismi ehk keelelist migratsiooni tihti „suurte“ ja „väikeste“ kultuuride võrdlemisega, alati eelistades mõjukamaid keeli/kultuure, siis tänapäeval võib eesti-vene kakskeelsuse valiku raames seda väidet nii kinnitada kui ümber lükata. Kuna igapäevases elus kasvab kakskeelsete inimeste hulk, kes oskavad mõlemat keelt, milles kirjanik kirjutab, siis väljendub kirjanduslik kakskeelsus järjest rohkem postmodernistliku mänguna. Koodivahetuse asemel kasutavad kirjanikud makaroonilist luulet, mis võimaldab autoril saavutada koomilist efekti või näidata segunemist kui üht võimalust kunstis (ja tõenäoliselt ka elus) kooseksisteerimiseks.


Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
Elmira R. Kogay

The study is dedicated to the memory of Professor Nadezhda Gainullina. The aim is to show the role of professor N. Gainullina in the study of the Russian literary language history. N. Gainullina’s research interests focused on the literary language of the Peter the Great’s era. Her Ph.D. thesis and doctoral research, articles and monographs contain a deep understanding of the role and place of Peter the Great in the history of the Russian literary language. N. Gainullina defined the term “creative linguistic personality” and introduced it into science. She established the place, role and significance of the epistolary genre in the history of the Russian literary language. She described the nature of the epistolary genre evolution under the influence of extra-linguistic and intralinguistic factors. It is approved that conclusions reached by N. Gainullina, have important theoretical value. The results of N. Gainullina’s scientific activity differ because of their novelty, theoretical and practical relevance in researches on the history of the Russian literary language.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-308
Author(s):  
Robert Hymes

The work of Cui et al. (2013) —in both dating the polytomy that produced most existing strains of Yersinia pestis and locating its original home to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—offers a genetically derived specific historical proposition for historians of East and Central Asia to investigate from their own sources. The present article offers the hypothesis that the polytomy manifests itself in the Mongol invasion of the Xia state in the Gansu corridor in the early thirteenth century and continues in the Mongols’ expansion into China and other parts of Eurasia. The hypothesis relies to a considerable extent on work of Cao Shuji (1995), but argues for a different means and direction for the spread of plague than either Cao or William McNeill have previously posited.


2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Claudia Appel ◽  
Dirk Hutsebaut

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.


Author(s):  
Odile Husain

Le présent article tente d’effectuer un rapprochement entre un article européen de Rossel et Merceron et un livre américain de Reid Meloy, tous deux consacrés à l’analyse des organisations psychopathiques. Si tous les auteurs s’entendent sur l’économie narcissique du psychopathe, le choix de la population d’étude diffère quelque peu, en raison de l’approche structurale des premiers et de l’approche symptomatique du second. Tandis que l’étude suisse ne retient que des psychopathes du registre des états-limites, l’étude américaine inclut également des psychopathes de niveau psychotique. Par contre, la mésentente règne au niveau des outils d’analyse du discours psychopathique: analyse statistique et échelles validées chez Meloy; approche qualitative chez Rossel et Merceron. Aux premiers, l’on reprochera un certain réductionisme et appauvrissement du discours, prix à payer pour le respect de la standardisation et de la cotation. Aux seconds, l’on reprochera l’absence de toute quantification qui pose problème lorsque l’on aborde la question de la validité des données. Néanmoins, Européens et Américains s’entendent sur la notion d’un fonctionnement psychopathique. La relation d’objet est marquée par la pulsion agressive et ses dérivatifs, par la recherche de pouvoir et de contrôle. La lutte contre la dépendance est déduite chez Meloy de l’absence de réponse de texture et chez Rossel et Merceron de l’absence de contenus de dépendance. La qualité narcissique des représentations d’objet est mise en évidence, chez Meloy, par le biais de l’investissement du paraître, chez Rossel et Merceron par l’importance du processus d’externalisation. La dévalorisation des objets est aussi décrite. Ni les uns ni les autres ne font réellement référence à l’angoisse car cette angoisse qualifiable d’anaclitique s’exprime justement sous des manifestations tout à fait opposées. Le vide intérieur est déduit, chez Meloy, à partir de l’ennui que vit le psychopathe et, chez Rossel et Merceron, à partir de la survalorisation de la référence au réel. Une grande convergence existe entre les deux écrits au sujet des mécanismes de défense. Tous les auteurs s’accordent sur la prépondérance du clivage et du déni, un déni par le mot et l’acte chez Meloy, un déni hypomaniaque chez Rossel et Merceron. De part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, on s’accorde également pour attribuer une place importante à l’identification projective et à l’identification à l’agresseur. Par ailleurs, Rossel et Merceron démontrent comment à travers les caractéristiques de l’énonciation et les nuances de la verbalisation du psychopathe, il est possible d’inférer son non-investissement de la mentalisation et du savoir au profit d’un surinvestissement de l’agir. La complémentarité, voire la similarité, des commentaires dans les deux ouvrages devrait réconforter certains cliniciens, désarmés devant le fossé qui semble parfois régner entre la littérature des deux continents et confirmer, qu’indépendamment du type de méthodologie et de validation choisi, l’observation clinique du psychologue expérimenté demeure la pierre angulaire de toute recherche en psychopathologie.


2011 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
A. Belyanin ◽  
I. Egorov

The paper is devoted to Maurice Allais, the Nobel prize winner and one of the most original and deep-thinking economist whose centenary is celebrated this year. The authors describe his contributions to economics, and his place in contemporary science - economics and physics, as well as his personality and philosophy. Scientific works by Allais, albeit translated into Russian, still remain little known. The present article aims to fill this gap and to pay tribute to this outstanding intellectual and academic, who deceased last year, aged 99.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. PATIL ◽  
S.G. BHARAD ◽  
S.N. SAWANT

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in hybridization programmes.


Author(s):  
Somboon Watana, Ph.D.

Thai Buddhist meditation practice tradition has its long history since the Sukhothai Kingdom about 18th B.E., until the present day at 26th B.E. in the Kingdom of Thailand. In history there were many well-known Buddhist meditation master teachers, i.e., SomdejPhraBhudhajaraya (To Bhramarangsi), Phraajarn Mun Puritatto, Luang Phor Sodh Chantasalo, PhramahaChodok Yanasitthi, and Buddhadasabhikkhu, etc. Buddhist meditation practice is generally regarded by Thai Buddhists to be a higher state of doing a good deed than doing a good deed by offering things to Buddhist monks even to the Buddha. Thai Buddhists believe that practicing Buddhist meditation can help them to have mindfulness, peacefulness in their own lives and to finally obtain Nibbana that is the ultimate goal of Buddhism. The present article aims to briefly review history, and movement of Thai Buddhist Meditation Practice Tradition and to take a case study of students’ Buddhist meditation practice research at the university level as an example of the movement of Buddhist meditation practice tradition in Thailand in the present.


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