PROTECTION OF THE SOYBEAN CROP AGROECOSYSTEM THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Adina Daniela Tărău ◽  
Camelia Urdă ◽  
Felicia Mureşanu ◽  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Vasile Oltean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Pests And Diseases

"Soybean is an important economical crop used for human consumption, animal feed and industrial raw material. Also, soybean is succesfully used in crop roatations with the main cereal crops because it’s biological nitrogen-fixing capabilities. A great diversity of pests and diseases including nematodes, insects and phytopathogenic fungi are known to affect soybean crop. From plant emergence to grain maturity, pests Tetranychus urticae and Etiella zinckenella, pseudofungi Peronospora manshurica and fungi Fusarium sp. and Botrytis cinerea can cause economic damage. In this study was evaluated the influence of tillage systems, different types of fertilizers and pesticide treatments on the most economical important diseases and pests of soybean crop in a field experiment at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS Turda) in the climatic conditions of 2020. Teo TD, an early maturing soybean variety created at ARDS Turda, was used for the experiment. Based on the assessments made, soil tillage system, fertilization and control of pests and diseases have differently influenced the downy mildew and T. urticae attack. To reduce the attack of pathogens in soybean crop, the best technological option is plowing, balanced fertilization and application of fungicides, either without or in combination with an insecticide. The T. urticae populations developed on mineral, organic and green fertilized plants. Integrated control methods must combine agro-technical measures with the application of chemical treatments in accordance with the warning of the appearance of the first adults. "

scholarly journals Improvement of the Water Management by Applying the No Tillage System for the Winter Wheat Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Felicia CHEȚAN ◽  
Cornel CHEȚAN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

The Transylvanian Plain has a particular aspect, as the hilly areas are predominant and here the soil erosion phenomena through levigation are frequently encountered. The effect of water availability on yields has been thoroughly researched, being one of the main limitative factors of the winter wheat yields. Starting from these considerations, during the agricultural years 2012-2018, a bi-factorial yield test was performed at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Turda, for a period of seven years. The study explored the influence of the water status under the influence of two tillage systems and the climatic conditions specific for this area on winter wheat yields. In the field conditions of Turda during experimental interval, the soil tillage system had a rather small impact on the winter wheat yields. In the conventional system (CS) a reserve of accessible water is preserved better during the spring period, this being attributed to a better infiltration into the soil of winter precipitation (snow). In the conservative system (NT), the observed trend suggests that restoration of the ground water reserve is more difficult than in the CS but the loss of water in the CS is just as fast.

scholarly journals Potato productivity depending on variety specialties under cultivating in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
M. Ostrenko ◽  
L. Pravdyva ◽  
Yu. Fedoruk ◽  
M. Grabovskiy ◽  
S. Pravdyvyi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Increase

In terms of geographical distribution and consumption, potatoes occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of food production in Ukraine. It is also used extensively as animal feed. The versatility of use in diff erent sectors of the economy with potatoes cannot be compared to any crop. Potato is of great importance as a raw material for the production of starch, sugar, molasses, alcohol, glucose and etc. A signifi cant reduction in the commodity production of food potatoe in farms is related to the solution a whole complex of important issues, in particular seed production, agro-technology of cultivation, application of highly eff ective pesticides, availability of agricultural machinery and material-technical support. The difficult ecological and energy situation in modern agriculture proves that it is possible to obtain high and stable yields of all crops only if there are varieties in production adapted to diff erent soil and climatic conditions. Variety is one of the important factors of yield stability and fi xed assets of agricultural production. A variety, as a genotype or a set of very close genotypes, exists in a specific environment and, moreover, interacts with it, encountering complex communication, intensity and time of manifestation, abiotic and biotic factors. At the same time, a connection is established between a variety and an environment that infl uences the formation and manifestation of morphological, economic and biological characters. The aim of the research was to study the growth, development and yield of early ripe potato varieties in the rightbank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The article presents the results of studies on the cultivation of early ripe varieties of potatoes. Namely, the germination and survival of potato plants was studied, which amounted to 89.5 and 87.3 % in the Skarbnytsa variety, 90.2 and 88.7 % in the Shchedryk variety, and 88.6 and 86.5 % in the Dnipryanka variety; the number of formed stems per plant is calculated, which is 3.3 in the Skarbnytsa variety, 3.6 in the Shchedryk variety and 2.7 in the Dniprianka variety. The dynamics of the mass increase and the fractional composition of potato tubers are shown. On average, during the research, the average weight of tubers from the bush was high for the Shchedryk variety and amounted to 616.2 g, somewhat less than those for the Skarbnytsa (484,5 g) and Dniprianka (397,8 g) varieties. It was established that the Shchedryk variety had the highest potato productivity in the experiment – 250.3 c/ha, in the Skarbnytsa and Dnipryanka varieties, the yield was 210.0 and 201.2 c/ha, respectively. Key words: potato, varieties, plant survival, tubers weight, productivity.

scholarly journals Adoption of Recommended Bio-fertilizer Technologies among Soybean Growers in Ujjain Distrsict of Madhya Pradesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vaijanti Patidar ◽  
Sandhya Choudhary ◽  
Abhay Wankhede ◽  
S. K. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Living Organisms

Bio-fertilizers are living organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. It refers to the use of microbes instead of chemicals to enhance the nutrition of the soil. Conventional fertilizers are those formed through decomposition including compost; household wastes and green manure while chemical fertilizers are manmade or mined. Convention fertilizers are nature friendly but not effective as chemical fertilizers. Conventional or natural fertilizers provide nutrient to plant at slow rate and lower concentration but chemical fertilizers provide nutrient at fast rate and higher concentraion so, farmers frequently try to use chemical fertilizers in the field for crop development. Ujjain district has a high potential for soybean production. The crop is processed for oil, protein and animal feed. A smaller percentage is processed   into soy milk, soy flour, soy protein, tofu for human consumption. The higher use of chemical fertilizers in soybean crop for higher yield creates negative effect on human, animal and environment health. Hence, research in the use of bio-fertilizer in soybean crop in Ujjain district was conducted with 120 respondents. The major finding (e.g. quantity or bifertilizer used as seed trement) was obtained as Adoption of recommended bio-fertilizer technologies by beneficiary farmers was higher than non beneficiary farmers.

scholarly journals Field Pea in European Cropping Systems: Adaptability, Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Cultivation Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anestis KARKANIS ◽  
Georgia NTATSI ◽  
Charis-Konstantina KONTOPOULOU ◽  
Aurelio PRISTERI ◽  
Dimitrios BILALIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
European Farming

This article provides an overview of the production and use of field pea in European farming systems. Pea is cultivated in Europe for both human consumption and for animal feeding. For food, pea is consumed as dry seeds, green pods or green seeds (fresh, canned or frozen). Field pea is also used for animal feed. Pea production has declined in the region; however, interest in pea cultivation has recently revived. Pea production provides several agronomic advantages in the Mediterranean region supporting more sustainable cropping systems and reduced nitrogen fertiliser use. Furthermore, peas for animal feed partly substitute for the increasingly expensive imported soybean. In addition to describing the current situation of pea cultivation and the future perspectives, this chapter reports on the adaptability of pea in Europe, cropping techniques with emphasis on modern farming practices and varieties that make their cultivation more profitable and more attractive to growers, and the cropping systems that are commonly used for field pea production. The currently applied cropping practices in the region, including rotation, soil tillage practices, fertilisation, sowing and crop density, weed, pest and disease management, irrigation and harvesting, are outlined.

Determining the Adaptability and Exploring the Potential of Some Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Varieties Advance Lines under the Climatic Conditions of South-Eastern Region of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Erbil
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Glycine Max L

Background: Soybean is a most important crop providing edible oil and plant protein source for human beings, in addition to animal feed because of high protein and oil content. This study was conducted to find out the suitability and the performance of 14 soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties/advance lines in the growing seasons of two consecutive years 2017 and 2018.Methods: A randomized complete block design with four replications was used at research area of GAP Agricultural Research Institute, Sanliurfa, situated in Southeast region of Turkey. The data regarding different parameters including days taken to days taken to flower initiation (days), days taken to physiological maturity (days), growing degree days (days), plant height at harvest (cm), number of pods, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield kg da-1), crude oil (%) and protein (%) were recorded during the course of study. Result: The variety Sa-88 and advance line KA08-03 were the highest grain yielders (3705 and 3660 kg/ha, respectively) among others. Though the qualitative characters were statistically significant but the difference was not much higher. Both the cultivar and line presented good yield making the results possible for rural extension to confirm the suitability of these genotypes to be used to support the ever-increasing demand of soybean meal and oil domestically.

scholarly journals Ubiquity of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in animal feeds in Republic of Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
J. Levic ◽  
S. Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Climatic conditions and growing of grain on large areas in Republic of Serbia are suitable for development of numerous toxigenic species, such as Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., and resulting from this is frequent incidence of animal feed contamination by their toxic products. In Republic of Serbia, the most frequent fungi determined in animal feed are those from Fusarium genus, as well as their mycotoxins. Of Fusarium species the most frequent one is F. graminearum, and of toxins zearalenon, in maize or wheat grains, which are the main raw material in production of animal feeds. Development of this fungi and bio-synthesis of zearalenon most often depend on period of rains in the third decade of May when wheat is in the blossoming phenostage or on ample precipitation and low temperatures at the end of summer or beginning of autumn during sensitive pheno-stage of maize growing. Aflatoxins are rarely isolated in Republic of Serbia, but there are conditions for their increased presence in imported feed components. Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A is more frequent than incidence of aflatoxins in climatic conditions of Republic of Serbia. Presence of mycotoxins produced by species of genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium indicates potential risk of incidence of mycotoxicosis, especially in younger animal categories. For the purpose of protection of health of animals, realization of profit and high productivity in livestock production, it is necessary to explain factors which can cause animal intoxication, and to identify toxins and develop methodology for assessment of the potential toxicity of animal feed.

scholarly journals Different controlling methods of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize farms of small-scale producers in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
Cyril Njume Akeme ◽  
Christopher Ngosong ◽  
Sally Alloh Sumbele ◽  
Aslan Aslan ◽  
Aaron Suh Tening ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Small Surface

Abstract Fall armyworm (FAW) is a polyphagous and voracious pest, destroying maize plants in farms in Cameroon. An annual yield loss is estimated to range from15 to 78%, valued at US$ 2,481 to US$ 6,187 million. With most damage experienced in the mono-cropping system. Maize is the most widely grown cereal crop globally due to its several uses, namely human consumption, animal feed and biofuel. In Cameroon, maize is a staple food grown by small- scale producers in all ten regions. The control of FAW is unsuccessful with only the use of pesticide method, the application is knowledge-intensive, and misuse often leads to pesticide resistance, resurgence and increased production cost. The purpose of this review was to explore the different controlling methods adopted to suppress FAW from causing economic damage in maize farms of small-scale producers in Cameroon. Integrated pest management (IPM) approach was used to control FAW, including cultural control, chemical control, botanicals, push-pull farming system, biological control and indigenous knowledge. Results showed that push-pull farming system provides protection and improves maize nutrition, botanicals have similar efficacy like synthetic insecticide, and wood ash is a bio-pesticide. The combined application of pesticides and handpicking FAW was effective though feasible in small surface areas. Based on the general assessment, the push-pull farming system deserves to be promoted due to its numerous benefits: eco-friendly, enhancement of natural enemies, increased soil fertility and economic returns. Natural enemies and bio-pesticides application are essential to control FAW since farmers are resource-poor, causes no health problem and are environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS ON DROPPED IRRIGATION IN SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
L. V. Andreychenko ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

Researches conducted on lands Nikolayev state agricultural research station IIA NAAS in 2017- 2018. Soil of an experimental plot is chernozem southern weakly eroded clay loamy on loess’s, it is noted by high contents potassium, average – phosphorus and it is not enough provided by nitrogen. Climate of region – continental, is characterized sharp and repeated by fluctuations annual and month temperature of air, greater spare of heat and aridity. Agrotechnic in experiment was generally accepted for southern Steppe of Ukraine. Scheme of experience included three factors – a sowing periods: II ten-day period of October (winter), II ten-day period of November (underwinter), I ten-day period of April (spring); variants of fertilizers: without fertilizers (control), recommended dose (N60P60) and N30Р30 broadcast + N30Р30 with irrigated water; the modes of irrigation: 80-70-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity and 90-80-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity. It is shown that hyssop – valuable spicy-aromatic culture, which on their own biological particularity, requirements to soil-climatic conditions can be successfully grown in southern Steppe of Ukraine, providing high harvest of floral mass for use in medical pharmacology. Most productivity variety Marquis (at a rate of 28.4-28.5 c/hа dry cheese) provided in variant, where contributed 50% dose of fertilizers broadcast and 50% with irrigated water and winter sowing period of culture. Maximum contents of essential oil has fixed in same variant at mode irrigation 80-70-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity, where it has formed 0.85 %. Contents of ascorbic acid in plant raw material varied from 100.4 before 104.9 mg%.

The Influence of Some Climatic Conditions for Quality Production of Winter Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Iulia Nitu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Quality Production ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract The cereales are very important for human consumption and for animal feed too. From this point of view, over the time, it aimed to diversify the assortment varieties, in special for winter wheat. The main objectives for the research project were the analysis of bakery quality potential for winter wheat varieties cultivated in Oltenia Plain according with evolution of climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration of Saithe (Pollachius virens) Protein Hydrolysates and Its Effect on Antioxidative Activity

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Veronica Hjellnes ◽  
Turid Rustad ◽  
Ida-Johanne Jensen ◽  
Elin Eiken ◽  
Stine Marie Pettersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Food Ingredients

The whitefish industry generates a huge amount of rest raw material, which is currently wasted or underutilized in the production of low-value products such as animal feed. While fish muscle is the primary product of use for human consumption, rest raw material has great potential as a source of protein and bioactive peptides for the production of food ingredients and nutraceuticals. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a biotechnological processing method that can be used to extract protein from fish rest raw material into a protein hydrolysate. This study aimed at investigating the functionality of ultrafiltration as an industrial processing method and its effect on the bioactivity of protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of saithe (Pollachius virens) head and backbone caught at two separate occasions to investigate the effect of seasonal variations. Ultrafiltration effectively concentrated larger peptides (>4 kDa) and smaller peptides (<4 kDa) in separate fractions, with a protein yield of 31% in the fraction <4 kDa. The unfiltered hydrolysate was found to have a higher antioxidative activity compared to the <4 kDa fraction in ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays. These results indicate that ultrafiltration does not effectively increase bioactivity by concentrating small peptides and that bioactivity is dependent on several properties, including interaction with larger peptides.

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