scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum) affected mats using single stem rouging options

2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kwach Kwach ◽  
Johnson Kisera ◽  
No author No author ◽  
James Muthomi ◽  
John Nderitu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

scholarly journals A Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie L. Lewis Ivey ◽  
Geoffrey Tusiime ◽  
Sally A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers (BXW-1 and BXW-3) for conventional PCR were developed from conserved sequences in the hrpB operon of the hrp gene cluster from Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, the causative agent of banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW). All 50 strains of X. campestris pv. musacearum, isolated from Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania, produced a 214-bp amplicon when whole cells, bacterial ooze from infected tissue, and genomic DNA purified from bacterial ooze or infected tissue were used as template. The BXW primers also detected strains of X. axonopodis pv. vasculorum isolated from sugarcane and maize and strains of X. vasicola pv. holcicola isolated from sorghum. All of the strains of X. campestris pv. musacearum were clonal when compared using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR.

scholarly journals Sources of resistance in Musa to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum , the causal agent of banana xanthomonas wilt

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Nakato ◽  
P. Christelová ◽  
E. Were ◽  
M. Nyine ◽  
T. A. Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

scholarly journals Transfer of Xanthomonas campestris pv. arecae and X. campestris pv. musacearum to X. vasicola (Vauterin) as X. vasicola pv. arecae comb. nov. and X. vasicola pv. musacearum comb. nov. and Description of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum pv. nov.

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Studholme ◽  
Emmanuel Wicker ◽  
Sadik Muzemil Abrare ◽  
Andrew Aspin ◽  
Adam Bogdanove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Maize Genome ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

We present an amended description of the bacterial species Xanthomonas vasicola to include the causative agent of banana Xanthomonas wilt, as well as strains that cause disease on Areca palm, Tripsacum grass, sugarcane, and maize. Genome-sequence data reveal that these strains all share more than 98% average nucleotide with each other and with the type strain. Our analyses and proposals should help to resolve the taxonomic confusion that surrounds some of these pathogens and help to prevent future use of invalid names. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Single Stem Rouging of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Infected Plants for Orchard Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Johnson Kisera Kwach ◽  
Peter Sungu Nyakomitta ◽  
James Wanjohi Muthomi ◽  
Olivier Ndayitegeye ◽  
Evelyn Nasambu Okoko
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm), a devastating disease, causes up to 100% loss and affects all banana varieties. The disease is widespread in East and Central Africa region. Study objective was to evaluate the performance of single stem rouging options for rehabilitation of severely affected banana orchard. Five single stem rouging options were implemented in banana orchard with 80% BXW severity in Western Kenya. The options included rouging of infected banana plants; uprooting, cutting at the base, injecting 20 ml of glyphosate herbicide at the soil base of the pseudostem, uprooting the whole stool and control leaving the infected stools. Initial visual assesment before implementation of the orchard was over 80% infection. Later samples were collected for diagnosis of ten plants per treatment from different plant parts and were subjected to ELISA and PCR procedures for confirmion of the presence of Xcm. Rouging options was implemented for one year. During and after experimentation periodic visual assesment of BXW incidence and severity reduced. Results of ELISA assays and PCR results  indicated Xanthomonas was present on banana plants. Rouging the infected banana stems by cutting at the base, uprooting and injection of herbicide reduced BXW incidence within six months. Xanthomonas, an inhibiting bacteria cannot surve without host and by killing the banana plant the Xanthomonas dies. Yields were recovered from the rehabilitated orchard within one year. Banana orchard highly infected with BXW was effectively rehabilitated.

scholarly journals High Potassium, Calcium, and Nitrogen Application Reduce Susceptibility to Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Atim ◽  
Fen Beed ◽  
Geoffrey Tusiime ◽  
Leena Tripathi ◽  
Piet van Asten
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

The effect of exogenous applications of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and nitrogen (N) on the susceptibility of four banana cultivars to Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) was studied. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with normal concentrations of K at 783 mg/liter, Ca at 121 mg/liter, and N at 841 mg/liter was modified to contain various concentrations of K, Ca, and N. Each nutrient was varied singly, each with three replicate experiments. The concentrations were K at 78, 157, 391, 783, 1,565, and 3,913 mg/liter; Ca at 12, 24, 60, 121, 241, and 603 mg/liter; and N at 84, 168, 420, 841, and 1,682 mg/liter. Plantlets were generated in vitro on normal MS medium and later exposed to the nutrient concentrations for a total of 8 weeks. Thereafter, they were artificially inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum using an insulin syringe. In each nutrient, plantlets exposed to higher nutrient concentrations significantly (P < 0.0001) accumulated more nutrient in their tissues compared with those exposed to lesser nutrient concentrations. Wilt incidences were significantly reduced, and incubation periods (time from inoculation to appearance of first disease symptoms) increased, with increasing nutrient application. The study lays a background for in vivo studies aimed at management of BXW using nutrients, such as fertilizer application.

Prevalence of banana Xanthomonas wilt in Nithi, Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 2267-2277
Author(s):  
M. M. Onyambu ◽  
B. O. Onyango ◽  
M. M. Muraya ◽  
P. M. Ong’au ◽  
F. O. Ogolla
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Banana Variety ◽  
Scanty Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

Banana (Musa spp.) is a nutrient rich crop grown in small and large scale across the globe. It is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals thus, it may serve as the source of nutrition in low resourced regions such as Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. However, banana production in many areas is faced with biotic constraints such as banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum. The pathogen attacks photosynthetic leaves and young fruits, reducing palatability and marketability. There is currently scanty information on prevalence of BXW in Nithi region of Tharaka Nithi County. Additionally, it remains unclear whether farmers in the region are knowledgeable on occurrence of BXW disease, symptoms and management practices. The prevalence of BXW was assessed through survey method in five villages (Kiang’ondu, Marima, Mitheru, Kibumbu and Giampampo) in Nithi. Percentage BXW prevalence in the studied villages was not significantly different (p>0.05). However, slightly higher BXW prevalence value of 21.14% was recorded at Giampampo village and was lower at Mitheru 11.24%. There was significant relationship (X2 (8, N = 46) = 19.93, p= 0.0034) between banana variety grown and occurrence of banana diseases. There was significant relationship (X2 (8, N = 46) = 31.165, p = 0.0053) between banana variety grown and susceptibility to diseases. The relationship between years of growing banana in the same farm and occurrence of banana diseases was significant (X2(6,N= 46) = 8.761,p= <0.0001. The relationship between occurrence of banana diseases and season of the year was significant (X2(8,N= 46) = 32.4591, p= <0.0001). The relationship between occurrence of banana diseases and management option in Nithi was significant (X2(4,N= 46) = 6.9758,p= 0.0025). Majority of the farmers (92%) were unaware of existence of BXW in the region. Farmers expressed lack of knowledge on managing BXW diseases in their banana farms with the majority not being able to identify common diseases of banana. Based on these observations, there is need to educate farmers on best banana farming practices, disease identification and management.

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