scholarly journals Comparative Advantage of Rice Production in Bangladesh: A Long-term Quasi-Response Assessment for Aman (Wet) Season

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohammad Islam ◽  
Md Sarkar ◽  
Mohammad Rahman ◽  
Md Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wet Season

scholarly journals Sustaining Rice Production through Biofertilization with N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4628
Author(s):  
Macarena Iniesta-Pallarés ◽  
Consolación Álvarez ◽  
Francisco M. Gordillo-Cantón ◽  
Carmen Ramírez-Moncayo ◽  
Pilar Alves-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Biotechnological Potential

Current agricultural productivity depends on an exogenous nutrient supply to crops. This is of special relevance in cereal production, a fundamental part of the trophic chain that plays a vital role in the human diet. However, our agricultural practices entail highly detrimental side-effects from an environmental point of view. Long-term nitrogen fertilization in croplands results in degradation of soil, water, and air quality, producing eutrophication and subsequently contributing to global warming. In accordance with this, there is a biotechnological interest in using nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to enhance crop growth without adding chemically synthesized nitrogen fertilizers. This is particularly beneficial in paddy fields, where about 60% of the synthetic fertilizer that has been applied is dissolved in the water and washed away. In these agricultural systems, N2-fixing cyanobacteria show a promising biotechnological potential as biofertilizers, improving soil fertility while reducing the environmental impact of the agricultural practice. In the current study, Andalusian paddy fields have been explored to isolate N2-fixing cyanobacteria. These endogenous microorganisms have been subsequently re-introduced in a field trial in order to enhance rice production. Our results provide valuable insights regarding the use of an alternative natural source of nitrogen for rice production.

Population abundance of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea / Abondance de la population d'hippopotame commun Hippopotamus amphibius dans le Parc National du Haut Niger, République de Guinée

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brugière ◽  
Bakary Magassouba ◽  
Amidou Sylla ◽  
Halimou Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Sow
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
The Status ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea is thought to contain the largest population of common hippopotamus in West Africa. However, no systematic field survey has been carried out recently and the information available is limited to informal observations. To clarify the status of the common hippopotamus in Guinea, we carried out a biannual population survey along the section of the Niger River (the largest river in Guinea) within the Haut Niger National Park. We counted 93 hippopotamuses in 28 groups in the dry season and 77 hippopotamuses in 23 groups in the wet season. Mean group size and number of neonates did not change between the seasons. Hippopotomuses were more numerous along the river sections bordering uncultivated floodplains. This underlines the significance of this habitat (which is used as a grazing area) for conservation of this species. Haut Niger National Park is the most important protected area in Guinea for conservation of the common hippopotamus. Hippopotamus-human and -cattle conflicts in terms of floodplain use in the park's buffer zone should be closely monitored. Floodplain conversion to rice fields represents one of the most important threats to the long-term conservation of hippopotamus populations in Guinea.

scholarly journals Solute transport dynamics in small, shallow groundwater-dominated agricultural catchments: insights from a high-frequency, multisolute 10 yr-long monitoring study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1379-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Aubert ◽  
C. Gascuel-Odoux ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
N. Akkal ◽  
M. Faucheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. High-frequency, long-term and multisolute measurements are required to assess the impact of human pressures on water quality due to (i) the high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity and (ii) the fact that chemical solutes combine short- and long-term dynamics. Such data series are scarce. This study, based on an original and unpublished time series from the Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment (Brittany, France), aims to determine solute transfer processes and dynamics that characterise this strongly human-impacted catchment. The Kervidy-Naizin catchment is a temperate, intensive agricultural catchment, hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Over 10 yr, five solutes (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) were monitored daily at the catchment outlet and roughly every four months in the shallow groundwater. The concentrations of all five solutes showed seasonal variations but the patterns of the variations differed from one solute to another. Nitrate and chloride exhibit rather smooth variations. In contrast, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon is dominated by flood flushes. The observed nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of an intensive agricultural catchment hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Nitrate and chloride originating mainly from organic fertilisers accumulated over several years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally exported when upland groundwater connects with the stream during the wet season. Conversely, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon patterns are not specific to agricultural catchments. These solutes do not come from fertilisers and do not accumulate in soil or shallow groundwater; instead, they are biogeochemically produced in the catchment. The results allowed development of a generic classification system based on the specific temporal patterns and source locations of each solute. It also considers the stocking period and the dominant process that limits transport to the stream, i.e. the connectivity of the stocking compartment. This mechanistic classification can be applied to any chemical solute to help assess its origin, storage or production location and transfer mechanism in similar catchments.

scholarly journals The chemical signature of a livestock farming catchment: synthesis from a high-frequency multi-element long term monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 9715-9741 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Aubert ◽  
C. Gascuel-Odoux ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
J. Molénat ◽  
M. Faucheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Assessing the impact of human pressures on water quality is difficult. First, there is a high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity. Second, chemical elements have their own characteristics mixing short and long term dynamics. High frequency, long-term and multi-element measurements are required. But, such data series are scarce. This paper aims at determining what the hydro-chemical particularities of a livestock farming catchment are in a temperate climatic context. It is based on an original and never published time series, from Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment. Stream chemistry was monitored daily and shallow groundwater roughly every four month, for 10 yr and five elements (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon). The five elements present strong but different seasonal patterns. Nitrate and chloride present a seasonal flush, all along or at the beginning of the wet season, respectively. Sulphate, organic and inorganic carbon present storm flushes, with constant or decreasing peaks throughout the wet season. These depicted nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of a livestock farming catchment. There, nitrate and chloride coming from organic fertilisation have been accumulating over years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally flushed when the groundwater connects to the stream. Sulphate, organic and inorganic carbon patterns do not seem specific to agricultural catchments. These elements are produced each year and flushed by storms. Finally, a generic classification of temporal patterns and elements is established for agricultural catchments. It is based on the distance of the source component to the stream and the dominant controlling process (accumulation versus production). This classification could be applied to any chemical element and help assessing the level of water disturbances.

scholarly journals The new structural economics: patient capital as a comparative advantage

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Yifu Lin ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Capital Account ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Capital Account Liberalization ◽  
The World ◽  
New Structural Economics

The world economy needs a growth-lifting strategy, and infrastructure financing seems to hold the key. Based on the New Structural Economics (Lin, 2010; 2012) we discuss the heterogeneity of capital focusing on the long-term versus short-term orientation (STO). Traditional neoliberalism assumes that capital is homogenous, complete capital account liberalization is “beneficial”.However, previous studies have found evidence of long-term orientation (LTO) in the culture of many Asian economies (Hofstede, 1991). In this exploratory paper, we suggest that the LTO can be considered a special endowment which, under certain circumstances, can be developed into a comparative advantage (CA) in patient capital. If these countries can turn their latent CA into arevealed CA in patient capital, and develop the ability to “package” profitable and non-profitable projects in meaningful ways, they would have a “revealed” competitive advantage in infrastructure financing. The ability to “package” public infrastructure and private services is one of the key institutional factors for success in overseas cooperation.

Growth, seed production and effect of defoliation in an early flowering perennial grass, Alloteropsis semialata (Poaceae), on Cape York Peninsula, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Crowley ◽  
Stephen T. Garnett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cape York ◽  
Seed Dynamics

Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) A.Hitchc. is one of the first perennial grasses in monsoonal Australia to produce seed at the start of the wet season. Patterns of growth and seed production and seed dynamics of Alloteropsis semialata were examined in this study, along with the effects of partial defoliation. Growth of Alloteropsis semialata tussocks started with the first pre-wet-season rains, and was then interrupted during a period with little rain. Growth ceased before the end of the wet season, indicating that factors other than moisture availability were limiting. Seeds of Alloteropsis semialata were germinable on production, but did not remain viable or persist on the soil surface through the dry season. Most seeds and young seedlings were harvested and no seedlings were recruited. Inflorescence production increased with plant size. Moderate defoliation in the early wet season had no impact on plant growth, but reduced inflorescence and seed production for at least 2 years. Absence of a seed bank and early wet-season flowering mean that Alloteropsis semialata is likely to be sensitive to long-term over-grazing.

Aftercare

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-104
Author(s):  
Tom Boterberg ◽  
Yen-Ch’ing Chang ◽  
Karin Dieckmann ◽  
Mark Gaze ◽  
Helen Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
Treatment Summary

Chapter 5 discusses care during and after radiotherapy for children and young people. During and immediately after treatment, children and young people receiving radiotherapy need monitoring for acute complications of treatment and may require supportive care. Following completion of treatment, a response assessment is needed, followed by ongoing surveillance for recurrence. If relapse occurs, consideration can be given to further treatment, which may be radical or palliative in intent. With the passing of time, the risks of relapse recede and monitoring for the late effects of treatment becomes more important. As the majority of patients will have some long-term sequelae, some of which can be ameliorated by timely intervention, patients should be followed in a multidisciplinary clinic. A detailed treatment summary will help predict the risk of complications and guide long-term follow-up. Patients, when they reach adult life, should be aware of possible problems, including fertility issues and second malignant neoplasms.

scholarly journals Impact of Domestic Policy on Comparative Advantage of Agriculture in the South

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther Tweeten
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
The South ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Commodity Programs ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to estimate the impact of domestic policy on comparative advantage of agriculture in the South. I utilize estimates of projected prices in a market-centered agriculture to examine the degree of insulation from market forces for major crops produced in the South and to calculate the relative net returns per acre in the absence of commodity programs. The price and net returns are probably below long-term equilibriums but are useful measures of relative prices and returns among commodities even if the returns are negative.

scholarly journals Childhood health shocks, comparative advantage, and long-term outcomes: Evidence from the last Danish polio epidemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Gensowski ◽  
Torben Heien Nielsen ◽  
Nete Munk Nielsen ◽  
Maya Rossin-Slater ◽  
Miriam Wüst
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Health Shocks ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Health
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