Sero-epidemiological studies on Q fever in sheep and goats in northern Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Emad Hegazy ◽  
Abd Mahmoud ◽  
Adel Khadr ◽  
Amir Rahman ◽  
Osama Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Northern Egypt

Molecular and serological data supporting the role of Q fever in abortions of sheep and goats in northern Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Selim ◽  
Abdel-Fattah Ali ◽  
Samar M. Moustafa ◽  
Eman Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Northern Egypt ◽  
Serological Data

III. Epidemiological Studies of Q Fever in Humans

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Wisniewski ◽  
Edward R. Krumbiegel
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

scholarly journals Outbreak of Q fever in Lohra-Rollshausen, Germany, spring 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Lyytikaïnen ◽  
T Ziese ◽  
B Schwartländer ◽  
P Matzdorff ◽  
C Kuhnhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Q fever is an acute (and sometimes chronic) febrile illness caused by the rickettsial organism Coxiella burnetii. The commonest animal reservoirs for C. burnetiiare cattle, sheep, and goats. Infected animals shed the organisms, which resist desiccation, i

A One Health Perspective on Q Fever

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Rita Cruz ◽  
Carmen Vasconcelos-Nobrega ◽  
Fernando Esteves ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Ana Sofia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
One Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Human Infections

Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii and ruminants, namely, cattle, sheep, and goats, are known to be the main reservoir for human infection. C. burnetii infection in animals can result in epizootic abortions which are often associated with vast bacteria shedding in birth fluids and placentas. Human infections mainly occur in persons handling infected animals and their products. Here the authors describe the history, bacteriology, biosafety, and epidemiology of Q fever, now known to be a serious threat to veterinary public health.

Q FEVER AND ITS RELATION TO DAIRY PRODUCTS*

1953 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Enright ◽  
R. C. Thomas ◽  
P. A. Mullett
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Inapparent Infection

Q fever is an infectious disease of man. It is found as an inapparent infection in animals. Cattle, sheep, and goats are found widely infected in nature and are probably the source of the organisms infecting man. These animals shed the organism in their milk which introduces it into the environment of man. It has been demonstrated that the rickettsiae of Q fever may survive present day pasteurization procedures. This manuscript presents preliminary data of the survival of this organism when suspended in milk and subjected to various time-temperature combinations within the pasteurization range.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE THERMAL INACTIVATION OF THE ORGANISM OF Q FEVER IN MILK.1

1956 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Enright ◽  
W. W. Sadler ◽  
R. C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
The Times

Q Fever is an infectious disease of man. Cattle, sheep and goats, who for the most part suffer inapparent infections with the organism, are the important sources of infection for man. These animals shed the organism in their milk. This manuscript reports on the cooperative studies designed to determine the times and temperatures needed to eliminate the causative rickettsiae, Coxiella burnetii, from cows milk. It is reported that the present minimum standard of pasteurization by the vat method of 143° F. for 30 minutes is inadequate, but the temperature of 145° F. for 30 minutes will eliminate the organism. The pasteurization of milk according to the present standards for HTST equipment of 161° F. for 15 seconds seems adequate to destroy C. burnetii.

Serological survey using ELISA to determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in sheep and goats in Great Britain

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. LAMBTON ◽  
R. P. SMITH ◽  
K. GILLARD ◽  
M. HORIGAN ◽  
C. FARREN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Sheep And Goats

SUMMARYA survey of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in sheep flocks and goat herds in Great Britain was undertaken. A total of 5791 sheep (384 flocks) and 522 goats (145 herds) were examined for C. burnetii antibodies using an ELISA. Overall, 53 sheep (37 flocks), and four goats (four herds), tested positive. Estimates of individual animal, between-flock/-herd and within-flock/-herd crude prevalences were 0·9%, 10·2% and 9·0%, respectively, for sheep, and 0·8%, 3% and 26·3%, respectively, for goats. With sheep, the likelihood of an animal testing positive increased with total flock size (P = 0·002) and number of breeding ewes in the flock (P = 0·021). It also increased with number of goats within a 10 km radius (P = 0·038). There was no evidence for spatial clustering of positive herds above that expected by chance alone. No analysis of risk factors was attempted for goats because of the paucity of positives.

scholarly journals Military Significance of Q Fever: A Review

1978 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Short Term Prophylaxis

Q fever is undoubtedly a disease of military significance. Whilst so far it has only been described in troops operating in Mediterranean countries, the Balkans and southern Europe, it is a potential hazard for nonindigenous soldiers in at least 51 countries on 5 continents. Sheep and goats are the main source of infection, and the disease is almost entirely acquired by inhalation of dust-borne rickettsiae from an environment contaminated with infected placentae. The commonest vehicle of transmission is infected hay and straw. On the available evidence, Q fever is simply and largely preventible as a significant military disease by implementation of the following measures: (I) Education on the source and methods of infection. (2) Banning the use of hay and straw for bedding, and the clearing and burning of hay and straw fromfarm buildings prior to occupation. (3) The exclusion of sheep and goats from military areas. (4) Regular serological surveillance of flocks adjoining military areas for evidence of heavy infection by Coxiella burnet;’ (5) Vigilance for an unusually high incidence of abortion in flocks adjoining military areas, which should initiate an immediate serological survey to determine the possibility of gross environmental contamination by the Q fever organism. (6) The possible use of short term prophylaxis with tetracycline for limited exposures to Q fever.

scholarly journals High-Content Screening, a Reliable System for Coxiella burnetii Isolation from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Francis ◽  
Maxime Mioulane ◽  
Marion Le Bideau ◽  
Marie-Charlotte Mati ◽  
Pierre-Edouard Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Content Screening ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shell Vial ◽  
Level 3

ABSTRACT Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a worldwide zoonotic disease that may cause severe forms in humans and requires a specific and prolonged antibiotic treatment. Although current serological and molecular detection tools allow a reliable diagnosis of the disease, culture of C. burnetii strains is mandatory to assess their susceptibility to antibiotics and sequence their genome in order to optimize patient management and epidemiological studies. However, cultivating this fastidious microorganism is difficult and restricted to reference centers, as it requires biosafety level 3 laboratories and relies on cell culture performed by experienced technicians. In addition, the culture yield is low, which results in a small number of isolates being available. In this work, we developed a novel high-content screening (HCS) isolation strategy based on optimized high-throughput cell culture and automated microscopic detection of infected cells with specifically designed algorithms targeting cytopathic effects. This method was more efficient than the shell vial assay, at the level of time dependency, when applied to both frozen specimens (7 isolates recovered by HCS only, sensitivity 91% versus 78% for shell vial) and fresh samples (1 additional isolate using HCS, sensitivity 7% versus 5% for shell vial), for which most strains were recovered more rapidly with the new technique. In addition, detecting positive cultures by an automated microscope reduced the need for expertise and saved 24% of technician working time. Application of HCS to antibiotic susceptibility testing of 12 strains demonstrated that it was as efficient as the standard procedure that combines shell vial culture and quantitative PCR.

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