scholarly journals The challenges of biology teaching through the creation of a biological sciences extension project during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byannca de Carvalho Torreão ◽  
Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Biology Teaching ◽  
The Creation

scholarly journals Common Origins of Diverse Misconceptions: Cognitive Principles and the Development of Biology Thinking

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Coley ◽  
Kimberly D. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Biology Teaching ◽  
Biological Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognitive Principles ◽  
Biological Concepts

Many ideas in the biological sciences seem especially difficult to understand, learn, and teach successfully. Our goal in this feature is to explore how these difficulties may stem not from the complexity or opacity of the concepts themselves, but from the fact that they may clash with informal, intuitive, and deeply held ways of understanding the world that have been studied for decades by psychologists. We give a brief overview of the field of developmental cognitive psychology. Then, in each of the following sections, we present a number of common challenges faced by students in the biological sciences. These may be in the form of misconceptions, biases, or simply concepts that are difficult to learn and teach, and they occur at all levels of biological analysis (molecular, cellular, organismal, population, and ecosystem). We then introduce the notion of a cognitive construal and discuss specific examples of how these cognitive principles may explain what makes some misconceptions so alluring and some biological concepts so challenging for undergraduates. We will argue that seemingly unrelated misconceptions may have common origins in a single underlying cognitive construal. These ideas emerge from our own ongoing cross-disciplinary conversation, and we think that expanding this conversation to include other biological scientists and educators, as well as other cognitive scientists, could have significant utility in improving biology teaching and learning.

scholarly journals A evolução como eixo integrador das ciências biológicas: uma unidade didática no contexto do ensino de biologia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-47
Author(s):  
Pedro Leonardo Guarilha Colli ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Bologna Soares de Andrade ◽  
Vinícius Colussi Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Biology Teaching ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Teaching Unit ◽  
Darwinian Paradigm

Resumo: Estudos realizados nas últimas décadas indicam que a Biologia vem sendo ensinada de forma fragmentada e descontextualizada nas escolas brasileiras. Dentre os fatores apontados como causa desta tendência, destaca-se a negligência em relação ao ensino de Evolução, que raramente é tratado como o eixo integrador das Ciências Biológicas. Partindo disso, este estudo propõe uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS) para a promoção da aprendizagem das ideias fundamentais à formação do pensamento evolutivo e compreensão dos fenômenos e mecanismos biológicos de maneira integrada e contextualizada. A UEPS construída aborda a Evolução por meio das cinco principais ideias evolucionistas do paradigma darwiniano e é sugerida para ser utilizada no primeiro ano do Ensino Médio.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Evolução; Didática da Biologia; Aprendizagem Significativa; UEPS. Evolution as a unifying axis of biological sciences: a teaching unit in the context of biology teachingAbstract: Studies carried out in the last decades indicate that Biology has been taught in a fragmented and decontextualized way in Brazilian schools. Among the factors pointed out as the cause of this trend, the negligence related to the teaching of Evolution stands out, which is rarely treated as the unifying axis of the Biological Sciences. Based on these understandings, this study proposes a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU) to promote the learning of fundamental ideas for the formation of evolutionary thinking and understanding of biological phenomena and mechanisms in an integrated and contextualized way. The PMTU developed addresses Evolution through the five main evolutionary ideas of the Darwinian paradigm and is suggested to be used in the first year of High School.Keywords: Teaching of Evolution; Biology Teaching; Meaningful Learning; PMTU. 

Homo Ludens, Machine Ludens: The Way to Ideal Neural Network and Background of Posthumanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanchenko ◽  
◽  
Pavel Arkhipov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Critical Methodology ◽  
Strong Artificial Intelligence ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The article consists of an introduction, a main part with three sections and a conclusion. The purpose of the study is to disclose the content of the concepts of “A Man Playing”, “A Machine Playing”, “Posthumanism” and “Essentiocognitivism”; review current advances in artificial intelligence and neural networks. The article focuses on the philosophy of posthumanism in the context of its application in machine learning, as well as a new philosophical concept called “essentiocognitivism” in its relation to artificial intelligence. The object of the study is the philosophical concept of essentiosocognitivism. The subject of the article is the consideration of certain aspects of this concept related to artificial intelligence as a “playing machine” and the positioning of a human being in the world of posthumanism. In the course of the work, critical methodology was used, on the basis of which the strengths and weaknesses of artificial neural networks were highlighted, the current state of the most famous playing neural networks, such as OpenAI and Alpha series from DeepMind, was analyzed, and the upcoming development of AI is considered in the context of a technological singularity. A philosophical comprehension has been made of certain aspects of essentiocognitivism, which play an important role in the history of the development of posthumanism. It is noted that the future of neural networks is largely determined by the gaming industry and moves towards the creation of a strong artificial intelligence, like the Playing Machine. Scientific novelty consists in examining a fundamentally new concept in the history of philosophy and substantiating the place and role of AI in the evolution of intelligent man. In the course of work, it was revealed that AI and, in particular, promising neural networks allow us to predict the probable future of mankind. As a basic thesis, we use the position derived from biological sciences that the evolution of the species Homo sapiens is not over, and will continue in a technological manner. As a result of the study, a working concept of essentiocognitivism was introduced, and the conclusion was made that trans- and posthumanism can solve many global problems of mankind. It is emphasized that the future lies in the creation of a strong AI.

scholarly journals Algological investigations at Odessa University in 1965–2015. Formation school of Prof. I.I. Pogrebnyak

Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-295
Author(s):  
V.O. Kuznetsov ◽  
◽  
F.P. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Тhe modern period of development of algological researches at Odesa University is analyzed. It is noted that the creation of a scientific school under the leadership of prof. І.І. Pogrebnyak gave impetus to the renewed interest of the scientific community in the study of the algae of the Black Sea, its estuaries and some freshwater bodies of southern Ukraine. These studies covered benthic and planktonic groups of algae, as well as their individual systematic groups, including blue-green, diatomaceous, cryptophytic, dinophytic, green, red, and brown. Attention was paid to the possible practical use of algae in ecology, agriculture and medicine. I.I. Pogrebnyak's research was continued by his students, doctors of biological sciences Prof. Guslyakov M.O., Maslov I.I., Tkachenko F.P. and dozens of young scientists, already their students.

scholarly journals Perspective Al-Qur’an and Biology in Human Creation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Fitri Dwi Agustina ◽  
M. Nurul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Creation

Abstract. Allah has ordered humans to pay attention to human creation, but the lack of human knowledge and understanding of the correlation of the Qur'an and Biology related to the process of human creation is one of the factors causing a person's lack of faith. This study aims to determine the creation of humans based on the Qur'an that has links with Biological Sciences. This research is library research whose information is obtained through the Qur'an, scientific articles, and biology books. The results of this study are the creation of humans based on the perspective of biology is that God created humans from the fusion of sperm cells and ovum cells. Sperm and ovum cells are part of the human body which are the same components of the human body as components of the soil that have been processed by plants through photosynthesis. Humans were created by God from the fusion of sperm cells from the testes and ovum cells from the ovaries, where the development of the two reproductive organs grows between the sulbi bone (backbone) and breast bone. And humans will be resurrected by God through human bones that are still left in the soil, namely the tailbone.

The Creation of the American Institute of Biological Sciences

BioScience ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 420-423
Author(s):  
Detlev W. Bronk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
American Institute ◽  
The Creation

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Dynamical Scattering in Crystalline Biological Specimens. I. Criteria of Validity for Scattering Approximations

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser ◽  
Bing K. Jap
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Born Approximation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Dynamical Effect ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope Image

The dynamical scattering effect, which can be described as the failure of the first Born approximation, is perhaps the most important factor that has prevented the widespread use of electron diffraction intensities for crystallographic structure determination. It would seem to be quite certain that dynamical effects will also interfere with structure analysis based upon electron microscope image data, whenever the dynamical effect seriously perturbs the diffracted wave. While it is normally taken for granted that the dynamical effect must be taken into consideration in materials science applications of electron microscopy, very little attention has been given to this problem in the biological sciences.

The Application of Ultra-Thin Sectioning Techniques to Non-Biological Samples

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
C. F. Oster
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Embedding Medium

Although ultra-thin sectioning techniques are widely used in the biological sciences, their applications are somewhat less popular but very useful in industrial applications. This presentation will review several specific applications where ultra-thin sectioning techniques have proven invaluable.The preparation of samples for sectioning usually involves embedding in an epoxy resin. Araldite 6005 Resin and Hardener are mixed so that the hardness of the embedding medium matches that of the sample to reduce any distortion of the sample during the sectioning process. No dehydration series are needed to prepare our usual samples for embedding, but some types require hardening and staining steps. The embedded samples are sectioned with either a prototype of a Porter-Blum Microtome or an LKB Ultrotome III. Both instruments are equipped with diamond knives.In the study of photographic film, the distribution of the developed silver particles through the layer is important to the image tone and/or scattering power. Also, the morphology of the developed silver is an important factor, and cross sections will show this structure.

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