Determination of nucleosides contents in Cordyceps sinensis from different origins and its counterfeit products

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
Xu FENG ◽  
◽  
JiaChun WANG ◽  
YingXi ZOU ◽  
ZhiYong CHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Different Origins

scholarly journals Determination of Organic Compounds, Fulvic Acid, Humic Acid, and Humin in Peat and Sapropel Alkaline Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2995
Author(s):  
Laurynas Jarukas ◽  
Liudas Ivanauskas ◽  
Giedre Kasparaviciene ◽  
Juste Baranauskaite ◽  
Mindaugas Marksa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ultrasound Extraction ◽  
Different Origins

Black, brown, and light peat and sapropel were analyzed as natural sources of organic and humic substances. These specific substances are applicable in industry, agriculture, the environment, and biomedicine with well-known and novel approaches. Analysis of the organic compounds fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin in different peat and sapropel extracts from Lithuania was performed in this study. The dominant organic compound was bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) carbonate, which varied from 6.90% to 25.68% in peat extracts. The highest mass fraction of malonic acid amide was in the sapropel extract; it varied from 12.44% to 26.84%. Significant amounts of acetohydroxamic, lactic, and glycolic acid derivatives were identified in peat and sapropel extracts. Comparing the two extraction methods, it was concluded that active maceration was more efficient than ultrasound extraction in yielding higher amounts of organic compounds. The highest amounts of fulvic acid (1%) and humic acid and humin (15.3%) were determined in pure brown peat samples. This research on humic substances is useful to characterize the peat of different origins, to develop possible aspects of standardization, and to describe potential of the chemical constituents.

Liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of achiral and chiral impurities of dapoxetine in approved and counterfeit products

2020 ◽  
Vol 1626 ◽  
pp. 461388
Author(s):  
Gergő Tóth ◽  
Erzsébet Fogarasi ◽  
Ágnes Bartalis-Fábián ◽  
Mohammadhassan Foroughbakhshfasaei ◽  
Imre Boldizsár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

scholarly journals Food Targeting: Determination of the Cocoa Shell Content (Theobroma cacao L.) in Cocoa Products by LC-QqQ-MS/MS

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nicolas Cain ◽  
Christian Marji ◽  
Kristian von Wuthenau ◽  
Torben Segelke ◽  
Markus Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Cocoa Shell ◽  
Shell Content ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

A targeted metabolomics LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS application for the determination of cocoa shell based on 15 non-polar key metabolites was developed, validated according to recognized guidelines, and used to predict the cocoa shell content in various cocoa products. For the cocoa shell prediction, different PLSR models based on different cocoa shell calibration series were developed and their suitability and prediction quality were compared. By analysing samples from different origins and harvest years with known shell content, the prediction model could be confirmed. The predicted shell content could be verified with a deviation of about 1% cocoa shell. The presented method demonstrates the suitability of the targeted application of metabolomic profiling for the determination of cocoa shell and its applicability in routine analysis is discussed.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Quality and Geographical Origins of Leonuri Herba Revealed By the Qualitative Fingerprint Profiling and Quantitative Determination of Chemical Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Yinching Lam ◽  
Yinghao Wang ◽  
Tszking Lam ◽  
Chuenfai Ku ◽  
Wingping Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Fingerprints ◽  
Chemical Discrimination ◽  
Chromatographic Peaks ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Different Origins

Abstract BackgroundLeonuri Herba (Yimucao) is a very commonly Chinese herbs for treating menstrual and maternal diseases for thousands of years in China. However, the herb collected in different origins was easily found in the markets which induce the unstable quality for clinic use. In this study, a comprehensive strategy of using multiple chromatographic analysis and chemometric analysis was firstly investigated for chemical discrimination of Leonuri Herba from different geographical origins.MethodsUHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was applied to identify the peaks of Leonuri Herba and chemical fingerprints were established in 30 batches from different geographical origins. Meanwhile, dissimilarities of chemical compositions among different origins were further investigated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.ResultsA total of 49 chromatographic peaks of Leonuri Herba were unequivocally or tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Leonuri Herba were classified into four categories, and eight major compounds detected could be used as chemical markers for discrimination. Also, the eight components, including leonurine, 4',5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, rutin, hyperoside, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol and salicylic acid, were simultaneously quantified using the extracting ion mode of UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS.ConclusionThis systematic information could ensure Leonuri Herba with well-controlled quality and safe use in clinic. This study could also provide a research model for further study of other Chinese Materia Medica.

scholarly journals The procedure for forensic veterinary determination of the severity of harm caused to the health of the animal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (99) ◽  
pp. 182-192
Author(s):  
I. V. Yatsenko ◽  
O. I. Parilovskyi ◽  
V. M. Zhylina
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Expert’S Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Number Species ◽  
Different Origins

The paper formulates the procedure for forensic veterinary determination of the severity of damage to animal health. According to the severity of injuries to animals, it is necessary to distinguish between injuries of three degrees: mild, moderate and severe. Forensic veterinary examination to determine the severity of injuries is carried out by a forensic veterinary expert through a veterinary examination of the injured (subject) animal. During the examination of the subject animal, the forensic veterinary expert establishes data about the animal according to the animal’s passport or other document that replaces it (animal’s nickname, individual number, species, sex, age, breed, etc.). If there are no documents for the animal, they are limited to information about the animal received from its owner or guardian; establishes the anamnestic data of the examined animal according to the explanations of the owner of the animal or its guardian; finds out the circumstances of the injury to the investigator, coroner, owner or guardian of the animal; clarifies complaints from the owner about the state of health of the animal; gets acquainted with the case materials provided by the law enforcement agency; examines other available veterinary documents, if necessary, finds out other information. The forensic veterinary expert, estimating the statute of limitations for violation of the anatomical integrity of tissues and organs and their functions, proceeds from their usual duration. Defects in veterinary care should not be taken into account when assessing the severity of injuries. In such cases, the forensic veterinary expert is obliged to indicate the nature of the causal relationship between the injury and such consequences. Damage to diseased tissues and organs of an animal can be considered as severe as damage to these organs and tissues in clinically healthy animals, if there is a direct causal link between the damage and the adverse effect. If during the examination of the subject animal the expert finds different origins of bodily injuries, he establishes what weapon of injury could have been inflicted on each of them. If the injuries are of different ages, indicate the frequency, non-simultaneity and sequence of their application, indicate the time of infliction of each of the injuries, determine the severity of each of them. In cases of death of an animal in the presence of bodily injuries, the forensic veterinary expert, along with resolving other issues, establishes the presence or absence of a causal link between the injury and the death of the animal. In cases where there is a causal link between injury and death, they can be considered fatal. All the information obtained is reflected in the expert’s report or in the report of the expert study. The results in the expert’s opinion should be the result of the analysis of objective information established during the forensic veterinary examination of the subject. They must be detailed and scientifically sound.

Development of a quantitative NMR spectroscopic method for direct and simultaneous determination of four flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Su ◽  
Ji-Peng Chen ◽  
Pei-Xi Zhu ◽  
Yi-Fan Wang ◽  
Xian-Rui Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Sample Tube ◽  
Relative Peak Area ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Different Origins

: Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi (SBG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for the treatment of antiviral therapy, contains many flavonoids. A simple, fast and accurate 1H quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-qNMR) method was established for simultaneously determination of four flavonoids (Baicalin, Baicalein, Wogonin and Wogonoside) in SBG extract by using 3,4,5-trichloropyridine as an internal standard (IS). All the NMR determination work was performed at 308 K on an NMR sample tube inserted with a co-axial tube. The NMR sample tube was added with the sample (SBG extract and IS), the co-axial insert tube was added with D2O. Quantification of four flavonoids was carried out by calculating the relative peak area ratio of the selected proton signals from the target compounds and the IS. The validated 1H-qNMR method was successfully used to determine the four flavonoids in 9 batches of SBG from different origins and the results were in good accordance with those obtained from HPLC. The established 1H-qNMR method could be used as a powerful tool for the quality control of SBG from different sources and had potential in the quantification of main components from other TCMs.

STUDY OF FLY ASH FROM POWER GENERATING ENTERPRISES TO USE IT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LIME MINERAL FILLER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT MIXTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (24) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ivan Kopynets ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr Kaskiv ◽  
Оleksii Sokolov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
Mine Dump

Introduction. Asphalt mixtures are one of the most widely used materials in the construction of roads. For the production of these mixtures, mainly conditioned mineral materials are used — coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler, and bitumen is used as a binder. Problem statement. In Ukraine, the filler is mainly used material obtained by grinding the carbonate rocks, which is established in DSTU B V.2.7-119 and DSTU B V.2.7-121. At the same time, as a result of coal combustion, millions of tons of dusty waste are generated at power generating plants of Ukraine - fly ashes and ashes from the hydraulic mine dump. These materials are close by grading to the requirements for the filler in accordance with DSTU B V.2.7-121 and probably can be used for the production of asphalt mixtures. Purpose. Determination of the possibility of using the fly ashes for the production of asphalt mixtures. Materials and methods. Type B asphalt concrete and mineral fillers of different origins were used during the research. Results. Test results showed that the studied fly ashes can be used for the production of asphalt mixtures, because the complete replacement of limestone filler with fly ashes from the thermal power plants does not lead to the deterioration of asphalt mixtures properties.

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