Effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on NF-κB signaling pathway activity in fibroblasts

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
JianGuo XU ◽  
JiYong LIU
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate

scholarly journals Genetic manipulation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway activity has sex-biased effects on Drosophila body size

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Millington ◽  
George P. Brownrigg ◽  
Paige J. Basner-Collins ◽  
Ziwei Sun ◽  
Elizabeth J. Rideout
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling Pathway

ABSTRACTIn Drosophila, female body size is approximately 30% larger than male body size due to an increased rate of larval growth. While the mechanisms that control this sex difference in body size remain incompletely understood, recent studies suggest that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) plays a role in the sex-specific regulation of growth during development. In larvae, IIS activity differs between the sexes, and there is evidence of sex-specific regulation of IIS ligands. Yet, we lack knowledge of how changes to IIS activity impact growth in each sex, as the majority of studies on IIS and body size use single- or mixed-sex groups of larvae and/or adult flies. The goal of our current study was to clarify the requirement for IIS activity in each sex during the larval growth period. To achieve this goal we used established genetic approaches to enhance, or inhibit, IIS activity, and quantified body size in male and female larvae. Overall, genotypes that inhibited IIS activity caused a female-biased decrease in body size, whereas genotypes that augmented IIS activity caused a male-specific increase in body size. This data extends our current understanding of larval growth by showing that most changes to IIS pathway activity have sex-biased effects on body size, and highlights the importance of analyzing data by sex in larval growth studies.

scholarly journals Genetic manipulation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway activity has sex-biased effects on Drosophila body size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W Millington ◽  
George P Brownrigg ◽  
Paige J Basner-Collins ◽  
Ziwei Sun ◽  
Elizabeth J Rideout
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling Pathway

Abstract In Drosophila raised in nutrient-rich conditions female body size is approximately 30% larger than male body size due to an increased rate of growth and differential weight loss during the larval period. While the mechanisms that control this sex difference in body size remain incompletely understood, recent studies suggest that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) plays a role in the sex-specific regulation of processes that influence body size during development. In larvae, IIS activity differs between the sexes, and there is evidence of sex-specific regulation of IIS ligands. Yet, we lack knowledge of how changes to IIS activity impact body size in each sex, as the majority of studies on IIS and body size use single- or mixed-sex groups of larvae and/or adult flies. The goal of our current study was to clarify the body size requirement for IIS activity in each sex. To achieve this goal we used established genetic approaches to enhance, or inhibit, IIS activity, and quantified pupal size in males and females. Overall, genotypes that inhibited IIS activity caused a female-biased decrease in body size, whereas genotypes that augmented IIS activity caused a male-specific increase in body size. This data extends our current understanding of body size regulation by showing that most changes to IIS pathway activity have sex-biased effects, and highlights the importance of analyzing body size data according to sex.

scholarly journals OS5.3 Quantitative signaling pathway analysis of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma identifies two subtypes, respectively high TGFβ/MAPK-AP1 and high PI3K/HH pathway activity, which are potentially clinically actionable

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii11-iii11
Author(s):  
A van de Stolpe ◽  
W Verhaegh ◽  
L Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pontine Glioma ◽  
Pathway Activity

Abstract BACKGROUND Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a pediatric brain tumor (glioma), resistant to chemotherapy, with only a temporary response to radiotherapy and an extremely bad prognosis. Genomic abnormalities have been found, indicating abnormal activation of certain growth factor signaling pathways, while expression analysis suggests involvement of developmental signaling pathways.10–15 signal transduction pathways can drive cancer growth and metastasis. We have developed, and biologically validated, a method which enables quantitative measurements of functional activity of signal transduction pathways in individual cell/tissue samples, based on Bayesian computational model inference of pathway activity from measurements of mRNA levels of target genes of the transcription factor associated with the respective signalling pathway. A major envisioned clinical utility is prediction of therapy response. MATERIAL AND METHODS For signaling pathway analysis, Affymetrix expression microarray data were available (GEO dataset GSE26576) from 2 normal brain stem samples and from 6 low grade glioma and 26 DIPG samples (post-mortem after therapy). Of one DIPG patient samples were available before and after therapy. Signaling pathway activity scores were calculated for estrogen and androgen receptor, PI3K-FOXO, MAPK-AP1, JAK-STAT, NFκB, Hedgehog (HH), TGFβ, NOTCH and Wnt pathways. PI3K pathway activity is the reverse of FOXO activity, in the absence of oxidative stress (measured by SOD2 expression). Pathway activity scores were compared between normal tissue and low grade glioma samples and DIPG, and k-means cluster analysis was performed on the DIPG pathway activity scores. RESULTS After treatment, HH pathway activity was increased in DIPG compared to low grade glioma (p=0.0003), PI3K pathway activity scores showed large variations in activity in the DIPG group. Tumors with cell cycle (CDK4/6, CCND1-3) or Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-related gene amplifications had higher PI3K and HH pathway activity compared to tumors without identified amplifications (p<0.05) which, in contrast, had higher MAPK-AP1 pathway activity (p<0.002). Pathway-based clustering analysis revealed two DIPG clusters, C1: high TGFβ/MAPK-AP1 and low PI3K/HH pathway activity; C2: low TGFβ/MAPK-AP1, high PI3K/HH pathway activity. C1 best resembled low grade glioma. In the patient with pre/post treatment samples, a C1 pathway profile switched to a C2 profile after treatment. CONCLUSION Using our quantitative analysis of signaling pathway activity in post-treatment DIPG, two pathway activity subtypes were identified, of which the HH/PI3K high, TGFβ low activity subtype was associated with defined gene amplifications, and may have been induced by chemoradiation therapy. Clusters are supported by a clear biological rationale. Identified signaling pathways are potentially drug targetable.

scholarly journals Multiscale Model of Dynamic Neuromodulation Integrating Neuropeptide-Induced Signaling Pathway Activity with Membrane Electrophysiology

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirenkumar K. Makadia ◽  
Warren D. Anderson ◽  
Dirk Fey ◽  
Thomas Sauter ◽  
James S. Schwaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Pathway Activity
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