scholarly journals Cognitive Status in COVID-19 Survivors with Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Susmita Halder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Metabolic Syndromes

In the current COVID-19 pandemic, co-morbid metabolic syndromes are identified as important risk factors. The presence of metabolic syndrome not only increases mortality rate and probability of hospitalization but is also predicted to have a long-term impact on cognition. A decline in cognitive functioning and functional abilities can be seen in the COVID-19 survivors and it became accelerated by metabolic syndromes that include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, low HDL cholesterol, abdominal obesity, etc. In the present study, it was aimed to explore the cognitive status in COVID-19 survivors with and without metabolic syndrome. For this purpose, total 36 COVID-19 survivors participated who were divided into two groups, one with existing metabolic syndrome and the other without any significant co-morbidities. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) were administered to assess the cognitive status of the participants. Results suggest a significant difference between the groups in the domains of concentration and memory along with functioning and self-care.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and metabolic abnormalities in patients receiving long term cART: a case control study from South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Vasudeva Acharya ◽  
Govind Gangadharan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved the quality of life and survival of HIV-infected individuals. However, the long term intake of these drugs is associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities eventually leading to increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Methods: Forty five HIV-infected individuals who are on cART having CD4+ cell count of >200 cells/mm3 for at least 2 years were recruited as cases. Age and gender matched, otherwise healthy individuals were taken as controls. Both cases and controls were compared for the prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and lipid abnormalities.Results: We found higher prevalence of obesity (33.3% vs 26.7%), abdominal obesity (33.3% vs 17.8%), hypertension (33.3% vs 20%), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (37.7% vs 8.9%), diabetes mellitus (26.7% vs 24.4%), high total cholesterol (33.3% vs 22.2%) and low HDL cholesterol (60% vs 46.7%) among cases compared to controls. The statistically significant difference was noted only for IFG (cases = 17, 37.7%, controls = 4, 8.9%, p value = 0.002). Low HDL cholesterol was the most common metabolic abnormality found in 27 (60%) cases and 21 (46.7%) controls.Conclusions: HIV-infected individuals receiving long term cART have higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension and dysregulations in glucose and lipid metabolism compared to general population and hence, the diagnosis and management of these abnormalities is very important to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Association between the Mediterranean lifestyle, metabolic syndrome and mortality: a whole-country cohort in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
Rosario Ortolá ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽  
Esther Garcia-Esquinas ◽  
David Martínez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Background Evidence is limited about the joint health effects of the Mediterranean lifestyle on cardiometabolic health and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the Mediterranean lifestyle with the frequency of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Spain. Methods Data were taken from ENRICA study, a prospective cohort of 11,090 individuals aged 18+ years, representative of the population of Spain, who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes at 2008–2010 and were followed-up to 2017. The Mediterranean lifestyle was assessed at baseline with the 27-item MEDLIFE index (with higher score representing better adherence). Results Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of MEDLIFE, those in the highest quartile had a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5, 0.93) for MS, 0.63. (0.51, 0.80) for abdominal obesity, and 0.76 (0.63, 0.90) for low HDL-cholesterol. Similarly, a higher MELDIFE score was associated with lower HOMA-IR and highly-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P-trend < 0.001). During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 330 total deaths (74 CVD deaths) were ascertained. When comparing those in highest vs. lowest quartile of MEDLIFE, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) was 0.58 (0.37, 0.90) for total mortality and 0.33 (0.11, 1.02) for cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions The Mediterranean lifestyle was associated with lower frequency of MS and reduced all-cause mortality in Spain. Future studies should determine if this also applies to other Mediterranean countries, and also improve cardiovascular health outside the Mediterranean basin.

scholarly journals Heritability of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARYAM ZARKESH ◽  
MARYAM SADAT DANESHPOUR ◽  
BITA FAAM ◽  
MOHAMMAD SADEGH FALLAH ◽  
NIMA HOSSEINZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Heritability Estimation ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Continuous Traits

SummaryGrowing evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has both genetic and environmental bases. We estimated the heritability of the MetS and its components in the families from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). We investigated 904 nuclear families in TLGS with two biological parents and at least one offspring (1565 parents and 2448 children), aged 3–90 years, for whom MetS information was available and had at least two members of family with MetS. Variance component methods were used to estimate age and sex adjusted heritability of metabolic syndrome score (MSS) and MetS components using SOLAR software. The heritability of waist circumference (WC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), fasting blood sugar (FBS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as continuous traits after adjusting for age and gender were 27, 46, 36, 29, 25, 26 and 15%, respectively, and MSS had a heritability of 15%. When MetS components were analysed as discrete traits, the estimates of age and gender adjusted heritability for MetS, abdominal obesity, low HDL-C, high TG, high FBS and high blood pressure (BP) were 22, 40, 34, 38 and 23%, respectively (P < 0·05). Three factors were extracted from the six continuous traits of the MetS including factor I (BP), factor II (lipids) and factor III (obesity and FBS). Heritability estimation for these three factors were 7, 13 (P < 0·05) and 2%, respectively. The highest heritability was for HDL-C and TG. The results strongly encourage efforts to identify the underlying susceptibility genes.

scholarly journals Metabolic characteristics and nutrition intake on women with normal body mass index

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S3) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
D.Y. Fitranti ◽  
F.F. Dieny ◽  
D.M. Kurniawati ◽  
R. Purwanti ◽  
B. Kusumaningnastiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Nutrition Intake

Metabolic syndrome can be found on an individual with normal weight (Metabolically Obese Normal Weight/MONW). Eating habits and lifestyle changing in early adulthood can be the risk of metabolic syndrome in person with a normal body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to identify metabolic characteristics in women with normal BMI and to analyze the correlation of nutrition intake with metabolic syndrome on women with normal BMI. This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design at five offices in Semarang. The sample in this study was 64 subjects. Inclusion criteria of study subject were women aged 25-40 years and BMI <25 kg/m2 . Study subject was chosen by using a consecutive sampling method. The data of nutrition intake was obtained by using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and triglyceride were analyzed. Analysis data was conducted by using Pearson correlation and Rank Spearman. MONW was present in 10.9% and more than 50% had pre metabolic syndrome. A total of 51.6% of the subjects had central obese and 26.6% had low HDL cholesterol. About 14.1% of the subjects have hypertension. There was a positive correlation between energy, fat intake and waist circumference. Carbohydrate intake was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose and triglyceride. The higher protein intake, the higher HDL cholesterol. The most common indicator of metabolic syndrome on women with normal BMI was central obesity and low HDL cholesterol. The factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome on women with normal BMI was macronutrient intake.

scholarly journals Outcome and Complications of MR Guided Focused Ultrasound for Essential Tremor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Agrawal ◽  
Kanwaljeet Garg ◽  
Raghu Samala ◽  
Roopa Rajan ◽  
Vikas Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Background: Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a relatively novel technique to treat essential tremor (ET). The objective of this review was to analyze the efficacy and the safety profile of MRgFUS for ET.Methods: A systematic literature review was done. The post procedure changes in the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) score, hand score, disability and quality of life scores were analyzed.Results: We found 29 studies evaluating 617 patients. DTI based targeting was utilized in six cohorts. A significant difference was observed in the pooled standard mean difference between the pre and postoperative total CRST score (p-value &lt; 0.001 and 0.0002), hand score (p-value 0.03 and 0.02); and the disability at 12 months (p-value 0.01). Head pain and dizziness were the most in procedure complications. The immediate pooled proportion of ataxia was 50%, while it was 20% for sensory complications, which, respectively, declined to 31 and 13% on long term follow up. A significant reduction (p = 0.03) in immediate ataxia related complications was seen with DTI targeting.Conclusion: MRgFUS for ET seems to be an effective procedure for relieving unilateral tremor. Use of DTI based targeting revealed a significant reduction in post procedure ataxia related complications as compared to traditional targeting techniques. Analysis of other complications further revealed a decreasing trend on follow up.

scholarly journals Diet dan Sindrom Metabolik pada Remaja Obesitas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas ◽  
Nur Aisiyah Widjaja ◽  
Meta Herdiana Hanindita ◽  
Roedi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTBackground : The prevalence of obesity in adolescents is increasing and causes metabolic syndrome at a young age. Metabolic syndrome results from the interaction of environmental, genetic, and dietary factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the diet profile of obese adolescents suffering from metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of obese adolescents who visited the Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Disease in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The anthropometry examination (weight, height and waist circumference), blood pressure, and blood tests (HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose levels) were measured. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the International Diabetes Federation. Food consumption data was obtained through direct interviews using data collection sheets. Analysis of dietary differences in obese adolescents suffering from metabolic syndrome was performed by chi square using SPSS.Results and Discussions: A total of 59 obese adolescents aged 13-16 years were involved in this study. A total of 27 subjects (45.8%) suffered from metabolic syndrome and 32 subjects (54.2%) did not suffer from metabolic syndrome. The level of the consumption of fish, vegetables, and fruit in obese adolescents were still low. There was no significant difference in the diet profile between obese adolescents who suffer from metabolic syndrome or not.Conclusion: Prevention strategies through food consumption patterns are needed in obese adolescents to control metabolic stress processes and prevent metabolic syndrome in the future. Diet knowledge in obese adolescents needs to be given early to prevent further complications. Increasing foods that contain anti-oxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, is one of the strategies to prevent metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Prevalensi obesitas pada remaja semakin meningkat dan menyebabkan sindrom metabolik di usia muda. Sindrom metabolik terjadi akibat interaksi faktor lingkungan, genetik, dan diet. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui profil diet pada remaja obesitas yang menderita sindrom metabolik.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada remaja obesitas yang berkunjung di Poli Nutrisi dan Penyakit Metabolik Anak di RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya. Pada subyek dilakukan pemeriksaan antropometri (berat badan, tinggi badan, dan lingkar pinggang), pemeriksaan tekanan darah, dan pemeriksaan darah (kolesterol HDL, trigliserida, dan kadar glukosa darah). Diagnosis sindrom metabolik ditegakkan berdasarkan International Diabetes Federation. Data konsumsi makanan didapatkan melalui wawancara langsung dengan menggunakan lembar pengumpul data. Analisis perbedaan diet pada remaja obesitas yang menderita sindrom metabolik dilakukan dengan chi square menggunakan SPSS.Hasil dan Pembahasan : Sebanyak 59 remaja obesitas yang berusia 13-16 tahun terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 27 subyek (45,8%) menderita sindrom metabolik dan sebanyak 32 subyek (54,2%) tidak menderita sindrom metabolik. Tingkat konsumsi ikan, sayur, dan buah pada remaja obesitas masih rendah. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada profil diet antara remaja obesitas yang menderita sindrom metabolik maupun tidak.Kesimpulan : Strategi pencegahan melalui pola konsumsi makanan diperlukan pada remaja obesitas untuk mengontrol proses stres metabolik sehingga dapat mencegah sindrom metabolik di masa datang. Pengetahuan diet pada remaja obesitas perlu diberikan sejak dini untuk mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut. Memperbanyak makanan yang mengandung anti-oksidan, seperti buah dan sayur merupakan salah satu strategi mencegah sindrom metabolik pada remaja obesitas.

Abstract MP19: Higher Parity is Associated With Components of the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Hispanic/Latina Women: Results From the HCHS/SOL Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J Vladutiu ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽  
Alison M Stuebe ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
Andy Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Latina Women ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Low Hdl

Background: Physiologic adaptations occurring across successive pregnancies may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in later life. Previous studies have found an association between higher parity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no studies have examined this association in a Hispanic/Latina population. Hispanic women have a higher prevalence of the MetS and higher birth rates than non-Hispanic women. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that higher parity is associated with the prevalence of components of the MetS in a cohort of Hispanic/Latina women. Methods: There were 9,482 Hispanic/Latina women of diverse backgrounds, aged 18-74 years, who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) from 2008-2011. Components of the MetS were defined according to the AHA/NHLBI criteria and included abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥88cm), elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), low HDL cholesterol (<50mg/dL), high blood pressure (systolic ≥130mmHg or diastolic ≥85mmHg or on medication), and elevated fasting glucose (≥100mg/dL or on medication). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association between parity and components of the MetS, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics, and accounting for the complex survey design and sampling weights. Results: At HCHS/SOL baseline, women reported none (19.2%), one (18.9%), two (25.3%), three (19.7%), four (9.3%), and five or more (7.6%) prior live births. Compared to women with only one live birth, women with four live births had the highest odds of abdominal obesity (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.8, 3.3) and those with five or more live births had the highest odds of low HDL cholesterol (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.2, 1.9), elevated glucose (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.3, 2.3), elevated triglycerides (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.01, 1.8), and high blood pressure (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0), after adjusting for age, Hispanic background, education, marital status, income, nativity, smoking, physical activity, menopause status, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, and field center. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated these associations for all MetS components, including abdominal obesity (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.2), low HDL cholesterol (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.03, 1.7), and elevated glucose (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.1), but the associations for triglycerides and blood pressure were no longer statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher parity is associated with the prevalence of selected components of the MetS among U.S. Hispanic/Latina women. High parity among Latinas with a high prevalence of abdominal obesity suggests a context of high risk for metabolic dysregulation. A better characterization of the links between pregnancy, adiposity, and body fat distribution is needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of metabolic components in university students

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Roberta Vilarouca da Silva ◽  
Luana Savana Nascimento de Sousa ◽  
Telma de Sousa Rocha ◽  
Ramiro Marx Alves Cortez ◽  
Layla Gonçalves do Nascimento Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Hdl

OBJECTIVE: to identify the frequency of components of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among university students.METHOD: descriptive study with 550 students, from various courses run by a public university. The socioeconomic data, lifestyle, and components of MetS were filled out using a questionnaire. Blood sample collection was undertaken in the university itself by a contracted clinical analysis laboratory.RESULTS: 66.2% were female, with a mean age of 22.6±4.41; 71.7% were sedentary; 1.8% stated that they smoke; and 48.5% were classified as at medium risk for alcoholism. 5.8% had raised abdominal circumference and 20.4% had excess weight; 1.3% and 18.9% had raised fasting blood glucose levels and triglycerides, respectively; 64.5% had low HDL cholesterol and 8.7% had blood pressure levels compatible with borderline high blood pressure. Thus, of the sample, 64.4% had at least one component for MetS; 11.6% had two, and 3.5% had three or more.CONCLUSION: a significant proportion of the population already has the components for metabolic syndrome, and this profile reinforces the importance of early diagnosis so as to reduce the risk of developing chronic comorbidities.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CRITERIA IN THE PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN STUDENTS FROM PARANAVAÍ, PARANÁ

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Ricardo Guilherme ◽  
Matheus Amarante do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Molena-Fernandes ◽  
Vânia Renata Guilherme ◽  
Stevan Ricardo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the difference in the proportion of students with metabolic syndrome, diagnosed according to different criteria. Methods: The sample consisted of 241 students (136 boys and 105 girls) aged 10 to 14 years, from public and private schools in Paranavaí, Paraná. We used three distinct diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, considering the presence of at least three of the following risk factors: increased waist circumference, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, low HDL-C, and elevated triglycerides. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome found was 1.7% (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 0-3.3) for the IDF criterion; 3.3% (95%CI 1.0-5.6) for Cook; and 17.4% (95%CI 12.6-22.3) for Ferranti. Analyzing the criteria in pairs, the agreement between IDF and Cook was 97.5% (k=0.95); between IDF and Ferranti, 83.4% (k=0.67); and between Cook and Ferranti, 85.9% (k=0.72). Onlyone student (0.4%) was diagnosed with metabolic syndrome solely by the IDF criterion, while 34 (14.1%) were diagnosed exclusively by Ferranti. The comparison of the three criteria showed that Ferranti presented the highest proportion of metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), and Cook had a greater proportion than IDF (p<0.001). Conclusions: We found a significant difference in the proportion of metabolic syndrome in the three criteria. The choice of which criterion to use can compromise not only the percentage of metabolic syndrome prevalence but also interfere in strategies of intervention and prevention in children and adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome, respectively.

scholarly journals Development of a Genetic Score to Predict an Increase in HDL Cholesterol Concentration After a Dietary Intervention in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Guevara-Cruz ◽  
Isabel Medina-Vera ◽  
Adriana Flores-López ◽  
Miriam Aguilar-López ◽  
Caren E Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Genetic Score ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Genetic Predisposition Score ◽  
Mexican Adults

ABSTRACT Background Dietary intervention (DI) is a primary strategy to attenuate some of the metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including low HDL cholesterol. There is no biomarker that can identify individuals who respond to DI by increasing HDL cholesterol. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of a genetic predisposition score (GPS) in Mexican adults with MetS to identify HDL cholesterol responders to DI. Methods This study followed a prospective cohort design. Sixty-seven Mexican adults aged 20–60 y (21% men) with BMI ≥25 and ≤39.9 kg/m², who had at least 3 of 5 positive criteria for MetS, were included. Participants consumed a low saturated fat diet for 2.5 mo (<7% energy as saturated fat, <200 mg of cholesterol/d) and reduced their usual diet by ∼440 kcal/d, a reduction in total energy intake of about 25%. Anthropometry and serum biochemical markers, including HDL cholesterol, were measured before and after DI. A multilocus GPS was constructed using previously reported genetic variants associated with response to diet in subjects with MetS. GPS values, designed to predict the response of HDL cholesterol to the DI, were computed for each individual as the sum of the number of effect alleles across 14 SNPs. Results Individuals were dichotomized as high and low GPS according to median GPS (−2.12) and we observed a difference in HDL cholesterol changes on DI of +3 mg/dL (6.3%) in subjects with low GPS, whereas those with high GPS had HDL cholesterol decreases of −3 mg/dL (−7.9%) (P = 0.04). Conclusions Individuals with low GPS showed greater increases in their HDL cholesterol than those with high GPS. Therefore, the GPS can be useful for predicting the HDL cholesterol response to diet.

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