Towards Resolving the American and West African Strombidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neostromboidae) Using Integrated Taxonomy

The Festivus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Maxwell ◽  
Aart Dekkers ◽  
Tasmin Rymer ◽  
Bradley Congdon
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
European Species ◽  
Integrated Taxonomy

The phylogeny of the American Strombidae the genus Lobatus is limited to the extant Lobatus raninus and several fossil precursors, the genera Macrostrombus, Aliger and Titanostrombus are re-installed as valid genera. The genus Persististrombus which was used as a sink for a plethora of species, is limited to the extant Persististrombus granulatus, fossil American species and a few Eocene to Miocene European species, which we enclose within Persististrombini nov. tribus along with Thetystrombus. Two new genera for the Miocene ancestral basal taxa of Aligerini nov. tribus, Edpetuchistrombus nov. gen. and Antestrombus nov. gen., both of which represent basal reference points enabling greater clarity in the resolution of early West African and American Strombidae radiations are proposed. This revised phylogeny informed by total evidence and historical revisions will assist in providing an evolutionary-based nomenclature that offers a structural basis for further explanation of the radiation and diversification of taxa within the Strombidae.

A molecular phylogeny of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea : Decapoda : Axiidea) with morphological support

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Robles ◽  
Peter C. Dworschak ◽  
Darryl L. Felder ◽  
Gary C. B. Poore ◽  
Fernando L. Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Family

The axiidean families Callianassidae and Ctenochelidae, sometimes treated together as Callianassoidea, are shown to represent a monophyletic taxon. It comprises 265 accepted species in 74 genera, twice this number of species if fossil taxa are included. The higher taxonomy of the group has proved difficult and fluid. In a molecular phylogenetic approach, we inferred evolutionary relationships from a maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analysis of four genes, mitochondrial 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA along with nuclear histone H3 and 18S rRNA. Our sample consisted of 298 specimens representing 123 species plus two species each of Axiidae and Callianideidae serving as outgroups. This number represented about half of all known species, but included 26 species undescribed or not confidently identified, 9% of all known. In a parallel morphological approach, the published descriptions of all species were examined and detailed observations made on about two-thirds of the known fauna in museum collections. A DELTA (Description Language for Taxonomy), database of 135 characters was made for 195 putative species, 18 of which were undescribed. A PAUP analysis found small clades coincident with the terminal clades found in the molecular treatment. Bayesian analysis of a total-evidence dataset combined elements of both molecular and morphological analyses. Clades were interpreted as seven families and 53 genera. Seventeen new genera are required to reflect the molecular and morphological phylograms. Relationships between the families and genera inferred from the two analyses differed between the two strategies in spite of retrospective searches for morphological features supporting intermediate clades. The family Ctenochelidae was recovered in both analyses but the monophyly of Paragourretia was not supported by molecular data. The hitherto well recognised family Eucalliacidae was found to be polyphyletic in the molecular analysis, but the family and its genera were well defined by morphological synapomorphies. The phylogram for Callianassidae suggested the isolation of several species from the genera to which they had traditionally been assigned and necessitated 12 new generic names. The same was true for Callichiridae, with stronger ML than Bayesian support, and five new genera are proposed. Morphological data did not reliably reflect generic relationships inferred from the molecular analysis though they did diagnose terminal taxa treated as genera. We conclude that discrepancies between molecular and morphological analyses are due at least in part to missing sequences for key species, but no less to our inability to recognise unambiguously informative morphological synapomorphies. The ML analysis revealed the presence of at least 10 complexes wherein 2–4 cryptic species masquerade under single species names.

Taxonomic revision of the leafhopper tribe Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) from China, with description of new taxa

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3430 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. VIRAKTAMATH ◽  
WU DAI ◽  
YALIN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Check List ◽  
European Species ◽  
First Time

The leafhopper tribe Agalliini from China is reviewed. The Chinese fauna includes 44 species of 15 genera including four new genera: Purvigallia gen. nov. (type species: Purvigallia maculata sp. nov., from Yunnan), Skandagallia gen. nov. (type species: Skandagallia dietrichi sp. nov., from Yunnan), Sinoagallia gen. nov. (type species: Sinoagallia serrata sp. nov., from Yunnan) and Sungallia gen. nov. (type species: Sungallia truncata sp. nov., from Yunnan). Japanagallia is the most species rich and includes 17 species from China, of which five are new: Japanagallia curvipenis sp. nov. (China: Xizang), Japanagallia decliva sp. nov. (China: Shaanxi), Japanagallia multispina sp. nov. (China: Guangxi, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Yunnan), Japanagallia palmata sp. nov. (China: Yunnan) and Japanagallia sclerotica sp. nov. (China: Shaanxi). The genus Igerna Kirkaldy (with Igerna channa sp. nov from Guangxi and Tibet) and the European species, Anaceratagallia ribauti (Ossianinilsson) have been recorded for the first time from China. All the new taxa are described and illustrated. A check-list with taxonomic notes as well as a generic key to Chinese Agalliini are also provided.

Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Species Relationship ◽  
European Species ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Management And Conservation

<em>Abstract</em>.—The systematics of lampreys was investigated using complete mitochondrial cytochrome <em>b</em> sequences from all genera and nearly all recognized species. The families Geotriidae and Petromyzontidae are monophyletic, but the family Mordaciidae was resolved as two divergent lineages at the base of the tree. Within Petromyzontidae, the nonparasitic <em>Lethenteron</em> sp. S and <em>Okkelbergia aepyptera</em> were recognized as distinct lineages, <em>Lethenteron morii</em> and <em>Lampetra zanandreai</em> were moved to new genera, a sister species relationship was recovered between <em>Caspiomyzon wagneri </em>and <em>Eudontomyzon hellenicus</em>, and a clade was recovered inclusive of <em>Entosphenus hubbsi</em> and western North American <em>Lampetra </em>(<em>L. ayresii </em>and <em>L. richardsoni</em>). The placement of <em>E. hellenicus</em> as the sister species to <em>C. wagneri </em>reduces the number of genera comprised entirely of parasitic species to two, <em>Geotria</em> and <em>Petromyzon</em>. The recognition of distinct lineages for <em>O. aepyptera</em> and <em>Lethenteron</em> sp. S recognizes, for the first time, lineages comprised entirely of nonparasitic species. Apart from the results mentioned above, monophyly was supported for the multispecific genera <em>Entosphenus</em>, <em>Eudontomyzon</em>, <em>Ichthyomyzon</em>, <em>Lampetra</em> (restricted to European species), and <em>Lethenteron</em>. Intergeneric relationships within Petromyzontidae were poorly resolved, but separate clades inclusive of <em>Entosphenus</em> and <em>Tetrapleurodon</em> (subfamily Entospheninae) and one comprised of <em>Eudontomyzon</em>, <em>Lampetra</em>, and <em>Okkelbergia</em> were recovered.

Studies in Siricidae, especially of Europe and southern Asia (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)

1943 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Benson
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
British Museum ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

1. These studies were originally intended to form the basis of a world monograph of the Siricidae ; such a work cannot be completed under present circumstances.2. Two ratios are introduced as useful characters for separating species : the ovipositor/forewing ratio and the sawsheath/ovipositor ratio. These ratios were obtained from all specimens of all the species represented in the British Museum collections and the results are tabulated. They were found not to vary with the size of the insects.The former ratio is specially useful in the genus Urocerus, which has a long ovipositor, and the latter ratio in the genus Sirex, which has a shorter ovipositor.3. Keys are given to the genera of the world. Of Semenov's new genera, Xoanon is accepted but not Xanthosirex. A new genus Eriotremex is erected for certain Indo-Malayan species previously included in Tremex.4. Keys are given to the European species, which are compared critically with related species from other parts of the world. A key to the species of Eriotremex, gen. nov., is also given.5. Sirex noctilio, F., and S. juvencus, L., are recorded for the first time from North America and S. cyaneus, F., from the continent of Europe. The common Urocerus of the northern Palaearctic region is shown to be more closely related to the Nearctic U. gigas flavicornis, F., than to the central European U. gigas gigas, L., and is treated as a new subspecies—U. gigas taiganus, subsp. nov. U. gigas tibetanus, subsp. nov., is described from the Himalayas. U. sah, Mocsáry, is treated as a subspecies of U. augur, Klug, and U. cedrorum, Smith, as a synonym of U. augur augur, Klug.6. The British Siricidae are discussed, and it is suggested that U. gigas taiganus, subsp. nov., and the form of S. juvencus, L., with entirely black antennae may be native in the Caledonian forest.7. It is argued that modern Siricidae could not have been derived from the Jurassic Pseudosiricidae.8. The known Oriental and Himalayan Siricidae are listed and discussed. Urocerus multifasciatus, Takeuchi, and Eriotremex formosanus, Matsumura, are mentioned as two species originally described from Formosa but shown also to occur on the mainland. Urocerus niger, sp. nov., is described from the Himalayan region, and the name Eriotremex malayanus, sp. nov., is given to a form described without a name by Forsius from Malaya.9. Several errors in previous work on Siricidae are corrected.

scholarly journals Marine Bivalves of Tropical West Africa

10.5852/fft48 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudo von COSEL ◽  
Serge GOFAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
West Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Identification Guide ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Scientific Papers

Bivalves are one of the most important groups of marine animals: they are abundant in benthic communities, they are sought after as seafood or ornament, and their shells are almost always conspicuous on the world’s beaches. This identification guide for West African marine bivalves covers 462 species belonging to 59 families, based on an extensive material collected over several decades from Mauritania (Cap Blanc) to Angola (Baia dos Tigres), and now housed in Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris. Therefore, any bivalve collected in marine near shore in West Africa is most likely to be covered. Deep sea species (those normally collected below 500 m depth, an additional 150 species) are listed but not treated. The book is profusely illustrated (over 3500 colour and 1600 greyscale photographs, 800 stippled drawings, an average of 12 views per species) so as to be accessible to the non-specialist as well. Each species is treated with: (1) a description accompanied by a drawing of the interior showing the diagnostic details of the hinge and internal impressions, and a photographic plate showing a selection of specimens from different localities across the species’ range (2) an indication of distribution accompanied by a schematic map, (3) an indication of habitat, and (4) remarks, including comparisons with similar species. In the headings for each family, generic descriptions are illustrated with thumbnails of the included species, so as to serve as a visual orientation. Morphological terms used in descriptions are explained in a Glossary. The taxonomic part is preceded by an introduction addressing the history of research, the physiography and hydrology of West African coasts, the general characteristics of bivalve molluscs and hints for collecting them. Rudo von Cosel started his lifetime commitment to malacology back in 1969, with his first field collecting trip to Cameroon. He has been working with the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris from 1983 to present and did extensive shore collecting in Senegal, Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo and elsewhere. From 1986 to 1989, as a marine biologist at ORSTOM (renamed in 1998, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), he took care of the benthic sampling in several oceanographic campaigns off West Africa, off Casamance and off Guinea and Guinea-Bissau (the SEDIGUI, CHALGUI and CHALBIS) and started working on a comprehensive book on West African bivalves. He authored or coauthored about 50 scientific papers, in which 29 new genera and 168 new species are described, most of them bivalves; among these, his favorite group is definitely the razor shells, on which he is a recognized authority. He retired in 2005, but still continued research. Serge Gofas teaches Zoology and Marine Biology at University of Málaga since 1998, and has research interests in the systematics and biogeography of marine mollusks in Europe and West Africa. He started his career in 1980 as a micropaleontologist for the oil industry, and then had the opportunity to sample most of the Angolan coasts during five years. In 1990, he joined the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris for nearly ten years. He authored or coauthored about 100 scientific papers, in which six new genera and over 175 new species are described, most of them from West Africa and the Northeast Atlantic seamounts. A large, fully illustrated identification guide of the mollusca of southern Spain was also published in 2011 at his initiative. He is a taxonomic editor and member of the scientific committee in the “World Register of Marine Species” database since its beginning in 2009 and its forerunners back in 1995.

Two new genera of small, six-eyed pholcid spiders from West Africa, and first record of Spermophorides for mainland Africa (Araneae: Pholcidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1635 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNHARD A. HUBER
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
West African ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Genital

Two new genera of West African pholcid spiders are described: Nyikoa n. gen., with the widely distributed N. limbe n. sp. (Ghana, Cameroon, Congo DR) as the single known species, and Anansus n. gen., with three species described herein (A. aowin n. sp. from Ivory Coast, A. ewe n. sp. from Ghana, A. debakkeri n. sp. from Congo DR) and a further species from Cameroon that remains undescribed. Both genera belong to the subfamily Pholcinae, and cladistic analysis of morphological characters further suggests that both represent early offshoots in pholcine spider diversification. A further species described herein (Spermophorides africana n. sp.) is the first African representative of this genus that is otherwise mainly known for its conspicuous radiation on the Canary Islands. Male and female genital characters, leg measurements, as well as ultrastructural data support the inclusion of this Tanzanian species in Spermophorides.

scholarly journals Whipspiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi) in amber from the Early Eocene and mid-Cretaceous, including maternal care

2014 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Engel ◽  
David A Grimaldi
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
West African ◽  
Western India ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
African Species ◽  
Extended Maternal Care

Two new genera and species of fossil whipspiders (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Amblypygi) are described from Tertiary and Cretaceous ambers of southern Asia.  Paracharonopsis cambayensis Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, preserved in Cambay amber of Ypresian age from western India is the first Tertiary and Asian fossil of the Paleoamblypygi, a highly relict taxon that includes the Late Carboniferous genus Graeophonus Scudder and the living West African species Paracharon caecus Hansen.  Paracharonopsis cambayensis is one of the few examples in Cambay amber of a biotic connection to Africa; most taxa show widespread or Laurasian distributions.  Kronocharon prendinii Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, is the first Cretaceous amber whipspider and putatively a sister group to the Phrynoidea (= Apulvillata).  The holotype female of K. prendinii is preserved with the remains of three nymphs near her, documenting the Early Cretaceous presence of the extended maternal care so distinctive for the order, and a behavioral repertoire widespread among arachnids.

Four new Species representing two new Genera of Bryocorinae associated with Cacao in New Britain (Hemiptera, Miridae)

1951 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. China ◽  
José C. M. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
West African ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The West ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
New Britain ◽  
Considerable Damage

Thanks to the courtesy of Mr. G. S. Dun, Government Entomologist to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, we have been able to study three interesting new species of Mirids found damaging cacao plants in New Britain. The first was discovered by Mr. Dun early in 1950 in abundance at Kabeira Plantation about six miles from the Lowland Experimental Station at Keravat where considerable damage had been done to the crop. This species was at first thought to be the West African Bryocoropsis laticollis Schumacher, 1917, which might have been accidentally introduced into New Britain. Closer investigation showed that it belonged to a distinct genus and species (Parabryocoropsis typicus, gen. et sp. n.). In September 1950, Mr. Dun found a second species attacking an isolated block of Cniollo cacao at the Keravat Experimental Station. On examination this proved to belong to still another genus and species (Pseudodoniella pacifica gen. et sp. n.).

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