Individual variation in factors affecting the steps between dose application and effects of antineoplastic agents

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 573-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Fuhr ◽  
J. Kirchheiner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Factors affecting individual variation in nest-defense intensity in colonially breeding Black-tailed Gulls (Larus crassirostris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Kazama ◽  
Yasuaki Niizuma ◽  
Kentaro Q. Sakamoto ◽  
Yutaka Watanuki
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Defense ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Corvus Macrorhynchos ◽  
Males And Females

The physiological state of parent birds combined with the value of their clutch may affect the intensity of their nest defense. In colonially breeding birds, nest-defense intensity may also be affected by the behavior of neighbors. We investigated individual variation in the nest-defense intensity among colonial Black-tailed Gulls ( Larus crassirostris Vieillot, 1818) over 2 years. Only 30%–40% of males attacked a decoy of an egg predator (Large-billed Crow ( Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler, 1827)), and the other males and females rarely attacked. Males attacking the decoy had higher levels of plasma testosterone than males that did not attack. Each male’s, but not female’s, nest-defense intensity was consistent throughout the incubation period and also across years. The intensity was not related to egg-laying date, clutch size, or age of offspring. The intensity was likely to be higher when individuals had one or more neighbors, representing higher nest-defense intensity in the year where gulls had larger number of adjacent neighboring nests (5.23 nests), but this trend was not observed in the year where they had smaller number of the neighboring nests (3.73 nests). Thus, in addition to testosterone levels, behavior of neighbors also influences the nest-defense intensity.

Serum pro-hepcidin concentrations and their responses to oral iron supplementation in healthy subjects manifest considerable inter-individual variation

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Luukkonen ◽  
Kari Punnonen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Iron Iron

AbstractHepcidin participates in the regulation of iron homeostasis and its precursor pro-hepcidin can be measured in serum. We evaluated pro-hepcidin serum concentrations in healthy subjects and the possible effects of iron supplementation on the results. The results suggest extensive physiological variation in serum pro-hepcidin concentrations between healthy subjects with no symptoms or signs of anaemia, infections, inflammations, chronic disease or other interpretative factors. Before pro-hepcidin measurements can be used in clinical practise, further investigations are required to identify the physiological factors affecting normal serum pro-hepcidin variations in healthy subjects. The responses of serum pro-hepcidin to a 100-mg oral dose of iron also showed considerable inter-individual variation. In male subjects, no systematic changes in serum pro-hepcidin concentrations were found and the increase in serum iron was fairly modest. In nine out of the ten female subjects who had rather low amounts of storage iron, iron supplementation was followed by an increase in both serum iron and serum pro-hepcidin concentrations. There were considerable inter-individual differences in the timing and magnitude of the response. We also evaluated the conceivable influences of sample storage and freeze-thaw cycles on the results of serum pro-hepcidin ELISA. We did not observe any changes in the results after serum samples were frozen and thawed up to four times and/or stored at room temperature for up to 6h.Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1361–2.

A note on factors affecting puberty in Clun Forest female lambs

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ó. R. Dýrmundsson ◽  
J. L. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Marked Individual ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
Similar Growth

SUMMARYIn 1971 the attainment of puberty in 30 early-born and 30 late-born Chin Forest female lambs was studied. The early-born lambs showed their first oestrus at a mean age of 265·4 days and a mean body weight of 41·4 kg; the late-born lambs at 222·0 days and 36·8 kg.Marked individual variation existed in both age and body weight at puberty within the groups, largely because of differences in growth rate during rearing. Early-born singles showed their first oestrus on average 3·4 days earlier than twins while this difference between lateborn singles and twins was 17·9 days. Since early-born lambs attained puberty at a considerably higher mean age and heavier mean body weight than late-born lambs with similar growth rates it is suggested that the daylight environment experienced by the lamb may be a critical factor in regulating the onset of breeding activity.

Factors Affecting the Response of Trout to an Electric Field in Fresh and Salt Water

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. C. Flux
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Temperature Resistivity

The "minimum response" level of Salmo trutta to an alternating current field increased with angle to the field, temperature, resistivity, and fatigue, with a wide range of individual variation. The drop in potential across the length of a fish ("body-voltage") varies directly with length and is not a constant for the species in either fresh or salt water. Embryo trout show a fully developed response 2 weeks after hatching.

scholarly journals Oral Antineoplastic Agents: Assessing the Delay in Care

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Anders ◽  
Alexandra Shillingburg ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Additional Information

The study was undertaken to determine the length of time between when a prescription for an oral antineoplastic agent is written by the provider and when the medication is received by the patient and to identify risk factors that significantly increase time to medication receipt. First-time fill prescriptions for oral antineoplastic agents were identified. The date the prescription was written and received by the patient was determined. A retrospective review was completed to gather additional information, including prescribed medication, indication, insurance coverage, patient assistance program use, dispensing pharmacy, and prior authorization requirements. The data was analyzed through multivariate statistical analysis and used to identify risk factors that may significantly increase the time to medication receipt. A total of 58 patients were included in the study. A median of 8 days elapsed between when the medication was prescribed and when it was received by the patient. Medication prescribed, absence of a Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategies (REMS) program, and insurance type are factors that increased time to medication receipt. An understanding of the median time involved, as well as factors affecting the time to delivery of prescriptions, will help healthcare providers better plan and prepare for the use of oral antineoplastic agents.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the measurement of absorption bands

1913 ◽  
Vol 86 (585) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Definite Relationship ◽  
Percentage Saturation ◽  
Length Determination

In a previous paper a method was described by which the percentage saturation of hæmoglobin with carbon monoxide can be estimated. This was done by measuring with a special spectroscope the position of the absorption bands of a solution of blood, since it was found that a definite relationship exists between the percentage saturation with carbon monoxide and the wavelength of the bands. The principle used in the instrument was one first discovered by Zöllner in 1870 and called by him the reversion spectroscope. Two adjacent reversed spectra were obtained by passing beams through a slit suitably placed in relation to a reflecting prism and a replica diffraction grating, optical means being employed for shifting one of the spectra laterally, so that corresponding points in the spectra might be adjusted into line. Since first describing the method I have been able to investigate more thoroughly its accuracy both in my own hands and also in those of other observers. Two different classes of phenomena will receive attention, both of which tend to introduce complications in the use of the method when absolute values for the percentage saturation with carbon monoxide are required. These are:— ( a ) Variations in wave-length determinations made from time to time by same observer on different samples of blood (personal variation). ( b ) Variations in wave-length determination by different observers on same sample of blood (individual variation).

Inter- and intra-individual variations of urinary endogenous metabolites in healthy male college students using 1H NMR spectroscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Mi Park ◽  
Eunil Lee ◽  
Hyun Jin Joo ◽  
Eunha Oh ◽  
Joohyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Male College ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites ◽  
Human Metabolomics ◽  
Male College Students

Abstract: Most human metabolomics studies have shown that spectral outputs of: We recruited 30 male college students to evaluate the factors affecting intra- and inter-individual variations in urinary endogenous metabolites. Statistical analysis for variations in urinary metabolites was performed after eliminating outliers found in principal component analysis (PCA) plots.: Inter-individual variations were relatively low for 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, citrate, dimethylglycine, and taurine, but high for trimethylaminoxide (TMAO), hippurate, and lactate. Intra-individual variations for 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, dimethylglycine, and taurine were relatively low, but high for TMAO and hippurate. The factors affecting inter-individual variation of lactate were age, body mass index, beverages, and alcohol, whereas the factors affecting intra-individual variation of lactate were age and fish.: Our results showed that inter- and intra-individual variations in urinary endogenous metabolites were very large, and significant factors affecting inter- and intra-individual variation were diverse, even after eliminating outliers in PCA analysis.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:188–94.

The Social Setting of Hysteria

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mayou
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social

SummaryPrevious reviews of hysteria have emphasized the most severe and disabling forms and ignored evidence from a wide variety of sources. It is argued that hysteria is more prevalent in medical settings than is usually recognized, that the same psychological mechanisms are of wide occurrence, often being accepted as normal for the culture. Discussion of the social factors affecting prevalence suggests that there is a universal potential for the hysterical reaction, with individual variation in susceptibility in appropriate circumstances.

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