The multideterminant model of renal disease in a remote Australian Aboriginal population in the context of early life risk factors: lower birth weight, childhood post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, and current body mass index influence levels of albumi

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (2015) (S1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Hoy ◽  
Andrew V. White ◽  
Bernard Tipiloura ◽  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Suresh K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Current Body Mass Index

scholarly journals Estimated and projected burden of multiple sclerosis attributable to smoking and childhood and adolescent high body-mass index: a comparative risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pakpoor ◽  
Klaus Schmierer ◽  
Jack Cuzick ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni ◽  
Ruth Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
High Body ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background Smoking and childhood and adolescent high body-mass index (BMI) are leading lifestyle-related risk factors of global premature morbidity and mortality, and have been associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aims to estimate and project the proportion of MS incidence that could be prevented with elimination of these risk factors. Methods Prevalence estimates of high BMI during childhood/adolescence and smoking in early adulthood, and relative risks of MS, were obtained from published literature. A time-lag of 10 years was assumed between smoking in early adulthood and MS incidence, and a time-lag of 20 years was assumed between childhood/adolescent high BMI and MS incidence. The MS population attributable fractions (PAFs) of smoking and high BMI were estimated as individual and combined risk factors, by age, country and sex in 2015, 2025 and 2035 where feasible. Results The combined estimated PAFs for smoking and high BMI in 2015 were 14, 11, 12 and 12% for the UK, USA, Russia and Australia in a conservative estimate, and 21, 20, 19 and 16% in an independent estimate, respectively. Estimates for smoking are declining over time, whereas estimates for high early life BMI are rising. The PAF for high early life BMI is highest in the USA and is estimated to increase to 14% by 2035. Conclusions Assuming causality, there is the potential to substantially reduce MS incidence with the elimination of lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors, which are the target of global public health prevention strategies.

scholarly journals The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Londile Mathebula ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Thembelihle Samuel Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Body Mass Index

Abstract Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in HIV infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on ART in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization STEPwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV infected people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The average time of ART initiation to study period was 3.6 years. The study findings revealed a significant difference (p-value 0.006) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females. Hypertension was found to be having a significant difference (p-value 0.026 and 0.038) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for males and females respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. Conclusion: The high levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART).

scholarly journals The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Londile Mathebula ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Thembelihle Samuel Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Body Mass Index

Abstract Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization STEPwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV infected people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The average time of ART initiation to study period was 3.6 years. The study findings revealed a significant difference (p-value 0.006) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females. Hypertension was found to be having a significant difference (p-value 0.026 and 0.038) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for males and females respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. Conclusion: High levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term ART.

scholarly journals Impact of birth weight on adult-onset diabetes mellitus in relation to current body mass index: The Japan Nurses' Health Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Katanoda ◽  
Mitsuhiko Noda ◽  
Atsushi Goto ◽  
Hideki Mizunuma ◽  
Jung Su Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Adult Onset Diabetes ◽  
Current Body Mass Index

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Birth Weight Improve Polygenic Risk Score for Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avigail Moldovan ◽  
Yedael Y. Waldman ◽  
Nadav Brandes ◽  
Michal Linial
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

One of the major challenges in the post-genomic era is elucidating the genetic basis of human diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that polygenic risk scores (PRS), based on aggregated information from millions of variants across the human genome, can estimate individual risk for common diseases. In practice, the current medical practice still predominantly relies on physiological and clinical indicators to assess personal disease risk. For example, caregivers mark individuals with high body mass index (BMI) as having an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D). An important question is whether combining PRS with clinical metrics can increase the power of disease prediction in particular from early life. In this work we examined this question, focusing on T2D. We show that an integrated approach combining adult BMI and PRS achieves considerably better prediction than each of the measures on unrelated Caucasians in the UK Biobank (UKB, n=290,584). Likewise, integrating PRS with self-reports on birth weight (n=172,239) and comparative body size at age ten (n=287,203) also substantially enhance prediction as compared to each of its components. While the integration of PRS with BMI achieved better results as compared to the other measurements, the latter are early-life measurements that can be integrated already at childhood, to allow preemptive intervention for those at high risk to develop T2D. Our integrated approach can be easily generalized to other diseases, with the relevant early-life measurements.

scholarly journals Weight gain in early years and subsequent body mass index trajectories across birth weight groups: a prospective longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lu ◽  
Anna Pearce ◽  
Leah Li
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract Background Rapid weight gain (RWG) in early-life is associated with increased risk of childhood obesity and is common among low-birth weight infants. Few studies have compared body mass index (BMI) trajectories of children experienced RWG to those who did not, across birth weight groups. We investigated the association between RWG in early-life and subsequent BMI trajectory and whether the association differs by birth weight. Methods We included term singletons from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 10 637). RWG was defined as an increase in weight z-scores (derived using UK–WHO growth reference) between birth and 3 years &gt;0.67. Mixed-effect fractional polynomial models were applied to examine the association between RWG and BMI trajectories (5–14 years). Models were further adjusted for confounders and stratified by birth weight-for-gestational-age group. Results Mean BMI trajectories were higher in children who experienced RWG in early-life, compared with their non-RWG counterparts. RWG was associated with higher BMI at five years [by 0.76 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.67–0.85) in boys and 0.87 kg/m2 (0.76–0.97) in girls]; the difference persisted into adolescence [1.37 kg/m2 (1.17–1.58) and 1.75 kg/m2 (1.52–1.99) at 14 years, respectively]. Differences remained after adjustment and were particularly greater for children born large-for-gestational-age than those born small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age. Mean BMI trajectories for large-for-gestational-age children with RWG exceeded international reference curves for overweight (for obesity at some ages in girls). Conclusions RWG was associated with higher BMI trajectories throughout childhood and adolescence, especially in large-for-gestational-age children. Strategies for obesity prevention need to address factors during and before infancy and preventing excessive weight gain among infants who have already had adequate growth in utero.

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