Estimated glomerular filtration rate variability and risk of end-stage renal disease among patients with Stage 3 chronic kidney disease

Management of early renal failure helps in the reduction or prevention of end-stage renal disease. The monitoring of renal function is discussed, and the chapter includes a table that shows commonly used methods for monitoring. Risk factors for chronic renal failure include stroke and cardiac disease. Risk factors for renal disease progression are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, proteinuria, smoking, protein intake, and hyperlipidemia. Complications of chronic renal failure that are addressed include sodium and water imbalance, potassium imbalance, acidosis, calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and anemia. There is also a section that discusses the case for early referral to a nephrologist. Tables present the equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR); stages of chronic kidney disease and the appropriate steps in their management; risk factors for chronic kidney disease in which the testing of proteinuria and estimation of GFR are indicated; appropriate diet for patients who have chronic kidney disease; and guidelines for diagnosing and treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. An algorithm outlines the steps in management of calcium and phosphate in patients with kidney disease. This review contains 3 figures, 10 tables and 50 references Key Words End-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, Proteinuric renal disease, Hyperuricemia

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Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Complications

10.2310/nephro.1053 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua S. Hundert ◽

Ajay K Singh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Management of early renal failure helps in the reduction or prevention of end-stage renal disease. The monitoring of renal function is discussed, and the chapter includes a table that shows commonly used methods for monitoring. Risk factors for chronic renal failure include stroke and cardiac disease. Risk factors for renal disease progression are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, proteinuria, smoking, protein intake, and hyperlipidemia. Complications of chronic renal failure that are addressed include sodium and water imbalance, potassium imbalance, acidosis, calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and anemia. There is also a section that discusses the case for early referral to a nephrologist. Tables present the equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR); stages of chronic kidney disease and the appropriate steps in their management; risk factors for chronic kidney disease in which the testing of proteinuria and estimation of GFR are indicated; appropriate diet for patients who have chronic kidney disease; and guidelines for diagnosing and treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. An algorithm outlines the steps in management of calcium and phosphate in patients with kidney disease. This review contains 3 figures, 10 tables and 50 references Key Words End-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, Proteinuric renal disease, Hyperuricemia

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Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Complications

10.2310/im.1053 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua S. Hundert ◽

Ajay K Singh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Management of early renal failure helps in the reduction or prevention of end-stage renal disease. The monitoring of renal function is discussed, and the chapter includes a table that shows commonly used methods for monitoring. Risk factors for chronic renal failure include stroke and cardiac disease. Risk factors for renal disease progression are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, proteinuria, smoking, protein intake, and hyperlipidemia. Complications of chronic renal failure that are addressed include sodium and water imbalance, potassium imbalance, acidosis, calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and anemia. There is also a section that discusses the case for early referral to a nephrologist. Tables present the equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR); stages of chronic kidney disease and the appropriate steps in their management; risk factors for chronic kidney disease in which the testing of proteinuria and estimation of GFR are indicated; appropriate diet for patients who have chronic kidney disease; and guidelines for diagnosing and treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. An algorithm outlines the steps in management of calcium and phosphate in patients with kidney disease. This review contains 3 figures, 10 tables and 50 references Key Words End-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, Proteinuric renal disease, Hyperuricemia

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Glomerular Volume and Clinicopathologic Features Related to Disease Severity in Renal Biopsies of African Americans and Whites in the Southeastern United States

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2007-131-1665-gvacfr ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 131 (11) ◽

pp. 1665-1672 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael D. Hughson ◽

Terence Samuel ◽

Wendy E. Hoy ◽

John F. Bertram

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

African Americans ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Renal Biopsies ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Abstract Context.—African Americans have a 4-fold greater risk than whites for developing end-stage renal disease. Glomerulomegaly, possibly related to obesity, has been identified in high-risk populations and is suggested to be a marker for end-stage renal disease risk. Objective.—To investigate differences in glomerular size and patient clinical characteristics at the time of renal biopsy for the major diseases contributing to end-stage renal disease. Design.—Mean glomerular tuft volumes were estimated by the Weibel-Gomez method (1964) in native renal biopsies of 203 African American and 100 white patients 18 years of age and older by point counting on a stereologic grid. Glomerulosclerosis was graded on individual glomeruli from 0 to 4, and a glomerular sclerosis index was calculated for each biopsy. Relationships between the mean volume of nonsclerotic glomeruli, age, sex, race, sclerosis index, cortical fibrosis, estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, and disease diagnosis were analyzed. Results.—Racial differences in mean volume of nonsclerotic glomeruli and body mass index were not significant in any disease category, and African Americans had more severe disease as determined by sclerosis index, cortical fibrosis, and estimated glomerular filtration rate only in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. For all patients, increased sclerosis index and cortical fibrosis and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate were best predicted by increased age (P < .001). Conclusions.—For approximately the same severity of disease, African Americans were 10 years or more younger than whites with the difference being seen in all disease categories except membranous glomerulonephritis and diabetes. Glomerulomegaly relative to whites was not a distinguishing feature of African American renal biopsies.

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