scholarly journals Challenges of Rural Women Livelihood and Coping Strategies, in the Case of Wolayta Zone, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tadele Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Aged Person ◽  
Male Head ◽  
And Coping

Although rural-urban migration is dominated by women nationally in Ethiopia, the feature of out migration from certain parts of the country has been largely men’s affair. Little is known how the livelihood of women is affected in the long run when their counterparts migrate out and the former assume the virtual headship of their households’ in Ethiopia. This study is therefore, intended to assess how women cope with in the absence of their husbands and support their family and identifies the major socioeconomic and institutional factors that influence their effort to improve their livelihood. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approach of data gathering. In the study, descriptive design was employed. Generally, sample size of the study was one hundred twelve (112) such that 20 male households, 80 de facto women households, four chairman of kebeles, four experts from office of agriculture and four aged person from four rural kebeles were included by using multi stage sampling method. The study employed questionnaires, interviews, document reviewing and discussion with focus groups. On the basis and types of data gathered and the instrument used, both quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis supported by SPSS were employed. The result of the study indicates that male-out migration has greatly affected the livelihood of the women who are left behind. The labor gap created due to the absence of male head has negatively affected the agricultural production and the natural resource conservation activity in the study area. Thus, to improve the lives of de facto women heads by mitigating the social, economic and cultural barriers which hinder their effort to win a decent livelihood, certain recommendation, gleaned out from this study were suggested to the concerned bodies.

Predictors of puberty-related health behaviors among girl adolescents in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhshanderou Sakineh ◽  
Ghaffari Mohtasham ◽  
Ramezankhani Ali ◽  
Gholami Dastenaee Leila
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

AbstractIntroductionIt is important to recognize the various dimensions of puberty and planning for the education of adolescents and their parents who are on the verge of this course. The present study aimed to investigate predictors of puberty health behavior in adolescent girls.Materials & MethodsThis correlational study was carried out on 280 female students from the eighth and ninth grades of high school who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was assessed using the face and content validity method (Panel view of the experts) and its reliability was tested by test-retest and internal consistency. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression at a significant level less than 0.05.ResultsRegression results with stepwise analysis showed that demographic variables other than the age of students (p = 0.031) had no effect on the adoption of puberty health behaviors, but their students’ knowledge and their attitude were good predictors of behaviors Health is puberty. Among the underlying and psychological variables, was the strongest prediction (Beta = 0.48). Attitude with knowledge and age was 34.9% of variance for explaining puberty health behaviors in adolescents.ConclusionConsidering the power of predictors such as knowledge and attitude, it is possible to develop puberty health behaviors by increasing knowledge of students and providing correct and appropriate information to them and improving attitudes.

scholarly journals Participation in social group and wellbeing status of rural women in Oyo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Aderonke Adeleke ◽  
Falilat Shadefunmi Alani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Group Participation ◽  
Multi Stage

This study examined participation in social group and wellbeing status of rural women in Oyo State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to obtain data from 170 rural women who are members of selected social groups. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. More than half (54.1%) of the respondents had low level of social group participation. Benefits derived from social group participation were social control ( x̄ = 1.65), access to credits and loans ( x̄ =1.35), security of goods ( x̄ =1.62) and invitation to social functions ( x̄ =1.72). Time ( x̄ =0.64), distance of the meeting venue ( x̄ =0.45) and financial constraint ( x̄ =0.39) were some of the factors that affect social group participation among the women. There was no significant relationship between participation (r = 0.126) in social group and wellbeing status of rural women. Based on these findings, this study has implications for the assessment of social groups in rural communities as they serve as strong platform for dissemination of social and agricultural information. This study therefore recommends that social groups should be well organised by engaging in activities that will improve the quality of life of rural women in all spheres, this will increase their involvement in group activities, improve their wellbeing and ensure rural development.Keywords: Participation, social groups, social security, time, wellbeing

Cognitive Therapy for Delusions in Schizophrenia: Models, Benefits, and New Approaches

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Cather ◽  
David Penn ◽  
Michael Otto ◽  
Donald C. Goff
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Cognitive Therapies ◽  
And Coping

The main purpose of the review is to demonstrate how cognitive models of psychosis translate into cognitive-behavioral approaches for intervening with psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Several cognitive-behavioral factors which play a role in the maintenance and possibly formation of delusional beliefs are discussed, including attentional bias to threat, “data gathering” deficits, dysfunctional metacognition, and safety behaviors. Strategies for engagement, problem formulation, and psychoeducation with deluded patients are described. Cognitive-behavioral interventions are presented, specifically, cognitive restructuring, behavioral experiments, and coping skills training. Challenges to conducting cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with delusions in schizophrenia are reviewed. Novel cognitive therapies, which address these challenges, are presented.

GENDERED BoP HYGIENE MARKETS IN RURAL INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 51-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUKHPAL SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Social Venture ◽  
Private Matter

Water scarcity and non-existent or poor sanitation have special implications for the poor in a rural context of a developing country such as India, especially in the case of women due to their personal hygiene needs. The penetration of sanitary napkins is very low in Indian villages for reasons such as the high cost of branded napkins, availability, and cultural barriers. Over 88% of rural women use unhygienic alternatives during menstruation, with 77% using a piece of old cloth and many others nothing at all. These practices lead to a deterioration in health of the mother as well as the child and, sometimes, the death of the mother. Furthermore, a large proportion of girls in India do not go to school during their menstruation period, for an average of 4–5 days every month, and at least 23% of girls drop out of school when they start menstruating. Adult women cut down on their productive day-to-day activities. Menstruating lower-income women also have to follow certain social exclusion norms and treat it as a purely private matter as it is considered a social taboo. The access to personal reproductive hygiene products and services thus becomes indispensable in terms of addressing hygiene and sanitation needs. Furthermore, this is more of a developmental/social venture rather than just pure rural marketing. This paper examines the issue from a social enterprise and social innovation perspective in order to understand the issues involved in changing the situation. It examines the case of a social venture in India (Goonj) which has attempted to deal with this market in terms of its approach, product design, market creation, performance, issues faced, and impact made. The paper attempts to infer lessons for making social entrepreneurship and social innovations work in developing country health and hygiene contexts in the form of a Bottom of Pyramid (BoP) market solution.

scholarly journals NONMONETARY INFLUENCES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT IN THE LODGING ORGANIZATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Aladin M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Hospitality Organizations ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Frequency Counts

Purpose of the study: The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of influence of the nonmonetary factors on the psychological empowerment of the employees. Methodology: Quantitative design was employed in this study. A total of 290 frontline employees in lodging facilities were surveyed using a convenience sampling method during the data gathering. It used frequency counts, percentage, mean, and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) in the data analysis to describe perceptions and examine the predictive power of the factors to psychological empowerment. Main Findings: Nonmonetary factors can influence the psychological empowerment of employees in lodging organizations. It reveals that variation in the rating of psychological empowerment is explained by the factors namely: nature of work, operating procedures, promotions, and supervision. Applications of this study: The findings of this study are beneficial primarily to hospitality organizations in designing effective empowerment programs for its employees which enables them to foster a positive organizational culture in the long run. Future researchers can use this study as one of the references in studying organizational behaviors in the hospitality industry. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides an in-depth analysis of the nonmonetary factors to psychological empowerment of employees in lodging sectors using quantitative approaches.

scholarly journals Studying science denial with a complex problem-solving task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Sulik ◽  
Ryan McKay
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Individual Cognition ◽  
Problem Solving Task ◽  
Hypothesis Evaluation

Explanations of science denial rooted in individual cognition tend to focus on general trait-like factors such as cognitive style, conspiracist ideation or delusional ideation. However, we argue that this focus typically glosses over the concrete, mechanistic elements of belief formation, such as hypothesis generation, data gathering, or hypothesis evaluation. We show, empirically, that such elements predict variance in science denial not accounted for by cognitive style, even after accounting for social factors such as political ideology. We conclude that a cognitive account of science denial would benefit from the study of complex (i.e., open-ended, multi-stage) problem solving that incorporates these mechanistic elements.

scholarly journals Determinants of Food Security among Rural Women in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
O. E. Olagunju ◽  
O. C. Ariyo ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
O. S. Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
Collection Data

Adequate nutrition is a crucial component of a healthy society. One of the major problems of human health is malnutrition and it is in every society. Rural households engage in food production, yet, they are mostly food insecure.This study accessed the determinants of food security among rural women in Kaduna state. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw the sample. Four rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly selected, while three villages were randomly sampled from each LGA resulting in 12 villages. Ten percent of the rural women in each of the sampled villages were randomly selected to give a total of 240 respondents. Interview schedule was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi–square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Regression. Mean age was 29.7±8.08 years. Most (60.4%) of the respondents were Christians. Thirty-four percent of the respondents hadsecondary education while some (40.0%) of the respondents were involved in trading. Dry season was considered as season of abundance by majority (70.8%) of the respondents. PPMC indicates that age (r=0.119; p=0.009) and household size, (r = 0.221; P = 0.001) were significantly related with household food security, while position as wife (β= 0.194), household size (β= -0.173) and monthly income (β= -0.095) were major determinants of household food security. Rural women have reasonable access to food. The study recommends that rural women should practice home gardening and domesticate animals to enhance food secured rural family.

China's Poor Regions: Rural–Urban Migration, Poverty, Economic Reform and Urbanization. By MEI ZHANG. [London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. 205 pp. ISBN 0 415 32145-X]. On the Move: Women in Rural-to-Urban Migration in Contemporary China. Edited by ARIANNE M. GAETANO and TAMARA JACKA. [New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 368 pp. Hard cover $69.50, £46.50, ISBN 0-231-12706-5; paperback $29.50, £20.00, ISBN 0 231-12707-3.]

2005 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Mobo Gao
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration

China's Poor Region is based on the author's PhD thesis and has a foreword by Peter Nolan, the distinguished scholar at Cambridge. It is a questionnaire survey plus two-ended interviews of subjects in Shanxi province. It is important to point out that the subjects of the investigation are migrants internal to Shanxi and are mostly male workers at coal mines or construction sites. This is very different from the subjects of the second book reviewed, which deals only with women, but also involves migrants from across China.After a survey of theories of rural poverty and rural to urban migration, Zhang goes on to describe the poverty in China and discusses the Chinese government policies to tackle rural poverty. In chapters three to five, Zhang describes the methodology and results of a case study of three sampled counties of 200 households. The final chapter is a very brief conclusion which suggests, among other points, that rural migration has played – and will continue to play – a positive role in social development and in resolving rural poverty.Reading On the Move, the first question that came to my mind was: why women? What are the gender issues that make researching female migration as a separate study worthwhile? The informative introduction chapter not only discusses the aims and rationale of focusing on women, but also contains a brief survey of modern migration in China and brings together a whole range of gender issues to the subject. For example, “Outmigration may provide an important avenue of escape for women suffering gender oppression or violence,” such as the above average rate of suicide among rural women. Women suffer – or suffer more – from the patriarchal authority of parents or in-laws, and migration has an impact on that. One chapter in the book suggests that migrant women make more independent and informed decisions on who to marry and how to spend money. Even for those women who stay at home, having a migrant in the family changes the status of the women in the household as they take up new duties and responsibilities. There are other issues such as the emotional ties between mothers and children, and returned migrant women may also find themselves in a different emotional and social situation from that of the men.

Dynamic programming with the principle of progressive optimality for searching rule curves

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Chaleeraktrakoon ◽  
A Kangrang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Rule Curves ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Reservoir Systems ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Illustrative Application

Rule curves are monthly reservoir-operation guidelines for meeting the minimum of water shortage over the long run. This paper proposes a dynamic programming (DP) approach for finding the optimal rule curves of single- and multi-reservoir systems. The proposed DP approach uses a traditional DP technique conditionally and applies the principle of progressive optimality (PPO) to search its optimal solutions. The proposed DP–PPO approach is suitable because of the multi-stage, nonlinear, and continuous-type characteristics of the rule curve search. Its dimensionality is relatively small, as compared with that of the traditional one. Results of an illustrative application to a multi-reservoir system under two different initial feasible solutions (i.e., new or existing reservoirs) have demonstrated that the DP–PPO approach is generally fast and robust. Its convergence varies only slightly, according to the initial conditions.Key words: rule curves, principle of progressive optimality, dynamic programming (DP), monthly reservoir operation.

Smart specialisation in European regions: issues of strategy, institutions and implementation

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip McCann ◽  
Raquel Ortega-Argilés
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Smart Specialisation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that the approaches to smart specialisation being adopted in different European Union (EU) regions are likely to be heavily shaped by the institutional and governance context, as well as the regional economic specifics. Along with the specific regional economic characteristics, these institutional variations mean that there is no single smart specialisation template or blueprint which can be transplanted onto every region. Rather, regions have to work within their own governance frameworks to find their best solutions. Design/methodology/approach – As evidence of this, the authors analyse the possibilities and challenges faced by four different sets of regional examples in the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium and Spain. Using OECD, EU and other official national documents and publications, the authors are able to explain the ways in which the governance set-ups vary enormously across these different arenas although they do share some certain common features with the other examples on a case-by-case basis. Findings – The policy architecture within which the smart specialisation agenda will be operating is very different in each national or regional case. As such, in addition to the regional economic specifics, the smart specialisation challenges faced by different regions are likely to differ significantly due to governance issues as well as variations in the regional economic conditions. This is because the possibilities for different regional actions depend heavily on the governance relationship between the regional and the local governance remits. Research limitations/implications – The argument presented here are necessarily in part speculative in that while they are based on a regional systems-of-innovation conceptual framework which links institutions, innovation and regional development, the actual smart specialisation implementation processes are still in their infancy, so that the actual outcomes remain to be seen in the long run. Practical implications – The analysis here helps to situate smart specialisation discussions in the national-regional institutional and governance context. This also serves to frame how smart specialisation priority-setting processes are likely to be undertaken and helps to consider how such activities may play out in other regions with different institutional settings. Originality/value – This is one of the few papers that explicitly examine specialisation issues in a governance and institutional setting. In reality, the success or otherwise of smart specialisation agenda will be heavily shaped by how the governance and institutional issues are addressed. Good analysis and data gathering is essential, but good governance for policy design, monitoring and evaluation can potentially also provide a crucial advantage to smart specialisation actions. In contrast, poor governance may undermine good smart specialisation intentions and analyses.

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