scholarly journals Radiographic Contrast-Media-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Pathophysiology and Prophylactic Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Sadat
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Medicine ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radiographic Contrast ◽  
Radiographic Contrast Media ◽  
Enhanced Imaging

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the most widely discussed and debated topics in cardiovascular medicine. With increasing number of contrast-media- (CM-) enhanced imaging studies being performed and growing octogenarian population with significant comorbidities, incidence of CI-AKI remains high. In this review, pathophysiology of CI-AKI, its relationship with different types of CM, role of serum and urinary biomarkers for diagnosing CI-AKI, and various prophylactic strategies used for nephroprotection against CI-AKI are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals The Choice of the Iodinated Radiographic Contrast Media to Prevent Contrast-Induced Nephropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Andreucci ◽  
Teresa Faga ◽  
Antonio Pisani ◽  
Massimo Sabbatini ◽  
Domenico Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Contrast Induced Nephropathy ◽  
Adequate Hydration ◽  
Radiographic Contrast ◽  
Radiographic Contrast Media ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs

In patients with preexisting renal impairment, particularly those who are diabetic, the iodinated radiographic contrast media may cause contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) or contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), that is, an acute renal failure (ARF), usually nonoliguric and asymptomatic, occurring 24 to 72 hours after their intravascular injection in the absence of an alternative aetiology. Radiographic contrast media have different osmolalities and viscosities. They have also a different nephrotoxicity. In order to prevent CIN, the least nephrotoxic contrast media should be chosen, at the lowest dosage possible. Other prevention measures should include discontinuation of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, adequate hydration with i.v. infusion of either normal saline or bicarbonate solution, and eventually use of antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, and statins.

scholarly journals Acute Kidney Injury by Radiographic Contrast Media: Pathogenesis and Prevention

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Andreucci ◽  
Teresa Faga ◽  
Antonio Pisani ◽  
Massimo Sabbatini ◽  
Ashour Michael
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
No Production ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Radiographic Contrast ◽  
Radiographic Contrast Media ◽  
Do So

It is well known that iodinated radiographic contrast media may cause kidney dysfunction, particularly in patients with preexisting renal impairment associated with diabetes. This dysfunction, when severe, will cause acute renal failure (ARF). We may define contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as ARF occurring within 24–72 hrs after the intravascular injection of iodinated radiographic contrast media that cannot be attributed to other causes. The mechanisms underlying contrast media nephrotoxicity have not been fully elucidated and may be due to several factors, including renal ischaemia, particularly in the renal medulla, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production, and tubular epithelial and vascular endothelial injury. However, contrast-induced AKI can be prevented, but in order to do so, we need to know the risk factors. We have reviewed the risk factors for contrast-induced AKI and measures for its prevention, providing a long list of references enabling readers to deeply evaluate them both.

Economic impact of contrast-induced acute kidney injury associated with invasive cardiology: role of iso-osmolar contrast media in Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Francesco ◽  
Claudio Ronco ◽  
Piotr J. Wacinski ◽  
Rainer Wessely ◽  
Felipe Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Invasive Cardiology

Adverse Drug Reactions to Radiographic Contrast Media in a Teaching Hospital in North India: An Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Deepti Chopra ◽  
Abhinav Jain ◽  
Richa Garg ◽  
Shreya Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
North India ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Radiographic Contrast ◽  
Radiographic Contrast Media

Background: Radiocontrast media are used extensively nowadays to visualize internal organs. Currently, non-ionic iodinated contrast media are used which are generally considered to be safe but some adverse reactions have been reported. Thus, the present study was carried out to analyze the nature and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to radiographic contrast media in a teaching hospital. Methods:An observational study carried out for a period of six months in a teaching hospital. Contrast media induced adverse reactions were analyzed in terms of affected organs, rate, causality assessment, severity and preventability. The treatment and outcomes of adverse events were also recorded. Naranjo Probability Scale was used to evaluate the relationship between the contrast agent used and the suspected ADR. The severity of the suspected ADRs was determined using Hartwig Scale and preventability was assessed using modified Schumock and Thornton criterion. Results:A total of 15 suspected ADRs occurred in 11 patients with an incidence of 1.4%. It included 5 (45.4%) males and 6 (54.5%) females (p < 05). The highest percentage (72.7 %) of ADRs was seen in adult patients, the mean age being 40.8 years. Vomiting (33.3%) was the most common ADR noted followed by severe nausea and rashes. 64.7 % of ADRs were categorized as probable and 35.3 % were possible. Adverse reactions required treatment in 46.6% patients. There was no fatality reported. Conclusion:The reactions observed were mild to moderate in severity and occurred within 30 minutes of the administration of the contrast.

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